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Kochanova E, Mayor T, Väinölä R. Cryptic diversity and speciation in an endemic copepod crustacean Harpacticella inopinata within Lake Baikal. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11471. [PMID: 38826165 PMCID: PMC11140236 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ancient lakes are hotspots of species diversity, posing challenges and opportunities for exploration of the dynamics of endemic diversification. Lake Baikal in Siberia, the oldest lake in the world, hosts a particularly rich crustacean fauna, including the largest known species flock of harpacticoid copepods with some 70 species. Here, we focused on exploring the diversity and evolution within a single nominal species, Harpacticella inopinata Sars, 1908, using molecular markers (mitochondrial COI, nuclear ITS1 and 28S rRNA) and a set of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits. Five major mitochondrial lineages were recognized, with model-corrected COI distances of 0.20-0.37. A concordant pattern was seen in the nuclear data set, and qualitative morphological traits also distinguish a part of the lineages. All this suggests the presence of several hitherto unrecognized cryptic taxa within the baikalian H. inopinata, with long independent histories. The abundances, distributions and inferred demographic histories were different among taxa. Two taxa, H. inopinata CE and H. inopinata CW, were widespread on the eastern and western coasts, respectively, and were largely allopatric. Patterns in mitochondrial variation, that is, shallow star-like haplotype networks, suggest these taxa have spread through the lake relatively recently. Three other taxa, H. inopinata RE, RW and RW2, instead were rare and had more localized distributions on either coast, but showed deeper intraspecies genealogies, suggesting older regional presence. The rare taxa were often found in sympatry with the others and occasionally introgressed by mtDNA from the common ones. The mitochondrial divergence between and within the H. inopinata lineages is still unexpectedly deep, suggesting an unusually high molecular rate. The recognition of true systematic diversity in the evaluation and management of ecosystems is important in hotspots, as it is everywhere else, while the translation of the diversity into a formal taxonomy remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kochanova
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tatyana Mayor
- Laboratory of IchthyologyLimnological Institute SB RASIrkutskRussia
| | - Risto Väinölä
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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2
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Microcrustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda) of the Boreal/Tropical Transition Zone in the Russian Far East: A Case Study of Species Associations in Three Large Lakes. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The Far East of Russia is a region where boreal and tropical faunas mix; it is also a zone of cladoceran endemism. The present study aimed to compare a set of microcrustacean (Cladocera and Copepoda) associations in three large lakes of the Russian Far East: Khanka, Bolon, and Chukchagir. The associations of the microcrustaceans were identified based on the function of the discrete hypergeometric distribution. Many of the 108 taxa found here were unaffiliated with an association. Interestingly, the portion of taxa involved and “not involved” in species associations differed among geographic faunistic complexes. The rate of endemism was significantly higher among the taxa incorporated into the associations as compared to the “not involved” taxa. In all the lakes, there were large clusters of phytophilous species characteristic of the macrophyte zone (and its margins) and clusters characteristic of pelagic and sublittoral plankton. We found that in the three lakes, the microcrustaceans formed a set of functionally similar associations, but the taxonomic composition of each functional association was specific to each lake. We hypothesize that the composition of functional clusters reflects the history of colonization for each water body. That is, the founder effects and subsequent “monopolization” of habitats have affected species associations.
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Goulding TC, Khalil M, Tan SH, Cumming RA, Dayrat B. Global diversification and evolutionary history of onchidiid slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 168:107360. [PMID: 34793980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many marine species are specialized to specific parts of a habitat. In a mangrove forest, for instance, species may be restricted to the mud surface, the roots and trunks of mangrove trees, or rotting logs, which can be regarded as distinct microhabitats. Shifts to new microhabitats may be an important driver of sympatric speciation. However, the evolutionary history of these shifts is still poorly understood in most groups of marine organisms, because it requires a well-supported phylogeny with relatively complete taxon sampling. Onchidiid slugs are an ideal case study for the evolutionary history of habitat and microhabitat shifts because onchidiid species are specialized to different tidal zones and microhabitats in mangrove forests and rocky shores, and the taxonomy of the family in the Indo-West Pacific has been recently revised in a series of monographs. Here, DNA sequences for onchidiid species from the North and East Pacific, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic are used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Onchidella species, and are combined with new data for Indo-West Pacific species to reconstruct a global phylogeny of the family. The phylogenetic relationships of onchidiid slugs are reconstructed based on three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, 16S) and three nuclear markers (28S, ITS2, H3) and nearly complete taxon sampling (all 13 genera and 62 of the 67 species). The highly-supported phylogeny presented here suggests that ancestral onchidiids most likely lived in the rocky intertidal, and that a lineage restricted to the tropical Indo-West Pacific colonized new habitats, including mudflats, mangrove forests, and high-elevation rainforests. Many onchidiid species in the Indo-West Pacific diverged during the Miocene, around the same time that a high diversity of mangrove plants appears in the fossil record, while divergence among Onchidella species occurred earlier, likely beginning in the Eocene. It is demonstrated that ecological specialization to microhabitats underlies the divergence between onchidiid genera, as well as the diversification through sympatric speciation in the genera Wallaconchis and Platevindex. The geographic distributions of onchidiid species also indicate that allopatric speciation played a key role in the diversification of several genera, especially Onchidella and Peronia. The evolutionary history of several morphological traits (penial gland, rectal gland, dorsal eyes, intestinal loops) is examined in relation to habitat and microhabitat evolutionary transitions and that the rectal gland of onchidiids is an adaptation to high intertidal and terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia C Goulding
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Munawar Khalil
- Department of Marine Science, Universitas Malikussaleh, Reuleut Main Campus, Kecamatan Muara Batu, North Aceh, Aceh 24355, Indonesia
| | - Shau Hwai Tan
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden Penang, Malaysia; Marine Science Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca A Cumming
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Benoît Dayrat
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Kim J, Nam E, Lee W. Quinquelaophonte enormis sp. nov., a new interstitial copepod (Harpacticoida: Laophontidae) from Korea. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10007. [PMID: 33024639 PMCID: PMC7518157 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected an undescribed laophontid copepod from a coarse sand habitat on the east coast of Korea and named it Quinquelaophonte enormissp. nov. We compared the detailed morphological characteristics of the new species with those of congeneric species. Among them, the new species shows a superficial resemblance to the Californian species Quinquelaophonte longifurcataLang, 1965. However, the two species are easily distinguishable by the setation of the syncoxa on the maxilliped and the fourth swimming leg. The new species has the variable setation on the second to fourth swimming legs. The variations appear among individuals or between the left and right rami of a pair of legs in a single specimen. Although complex chaetotaxical polymorphism occur in this new species, we used myCOI and Cytb to confirm that the new species is not a species complex. Also, partial sequences of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes were used to analyze the position of the new species within the family Laophontidae. The new speciesis the fourteenth Quinquelaophonte species in the world and the second species in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Nam
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Wonchoel Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Non-destructive genome skimming for aquatic copepods. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-020-01129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCopepods are important ecologically and represent a large amount of aquatic biomass in both freshwater and marine systems. Despite this, the taxonomy of copepods and other meiofauna is not well understood, hampered by tiny sizes, cryptic taxa, intraspecific polymorphisms and total specimen destruction where DNA methods are employed. In this article we highlight these issues and propose a more up-to-date approach for dealing with them. Namely, we recommend non-destructive DNA extraction methods, coupled with high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Whilst DNA yields may be low, they should still be sufficient for HTS library preparation and DNA sequencing. At the same time morphological specimens can be preserved and the crucial link between morphology and DNA sequence is maintained. This is critical for an integrative taxonomy and a fuller understanding of biodiversity patterns as well as evolutionary processes in meiofauna.
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Rossel S, Martínez Arbizu P. Revealing higher than expected diversity of Harpacticoida (Crustacea:Copepoda) in the North Sea using MALDI-TOF MS and molecular barcoding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9182. [PMID: 31235850 PMCID: PMC6591307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The North Sea is one of the most extensively studied marine regions of the world. Hence, large amounts of molecular data for species identification are available in public repositories, and expectations to find numerous new species in this well-known region are rather low. However, molecular reference data for harpacticoid copepods from this area in particular but also for this group in general is scarce. By assessing COI barcodes and MALDI-TOF mass spectra for this group of small crustaceans, it was discovered that there is a huge unknown diversity in this area. In total, COI sequences for 548 specimens from 115 species of harpacticoid copepods are presented. Over 19% of these were new to science and ten MOTUs were found to be part of cryptic species complexes. MALDI-TOF mass spectra were assessed for 622 specimens from 75 species. Because results were in concordance with species delimitation by COI barcoding and also enabled recognition of possible cryptic species, the discriminative power of this technique for biodiversity assessments is highlighted. Findings imply, species diversity in this group may be largely underestimated and total species number can be expected to be much higher than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossel
- Senckenberg Research Institute, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. .,Marine Biodiversity Research, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - P Martínez Arbizu
- Senckenberg Research Institute, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Marine Biodiversity Research, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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7
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Unraveling the intricate biodiversity of the benthic harpacticoid genus Nannopus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Nannopodidae) in Korean waters. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 130:366-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chertoprud E, Abramova E, Korsun S, Martynov F, Garlitska L. Composition of Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) of the Laptev Sea in comparison with faunas of adjacent Arctic seas. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Species diversity in the marine microturbellarian Astrotorhynchus bifidus sensu lato (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 120:259-273. [PMID: 29248627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that many widespread species of meiofauna are in fact regional complexes of (pseudo-)cryptic species. This knowledge has challenged the 'Everything is Everywhere' hypothesis and also partly explains the meiofauna paradox of widespread nominal species with limited dispersal abilities. Here, we investigated species diversity within the marine microturbellarian Astrotorhynchus bifidus sensu lato in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We used a multiple-evidence approach combining multi-gene (18S, 28S, COI) phylogenetic analyses, several single-gene and multi-gene species delimitation methods, haplotype networks and conventional taxonomy to designate Primary Species Hypotheses (PSHs). This included the development of rhabdocoel-specific COI barcode primers, which also have the potential to aid in species identification and delimitation in other rhabdocoels. Secondary Species Hypotheses (SSHs) corresponding to morphospecies and pseudo-cryptic species were then proposed based on the minimum consensus of different PSHs. Our results showed that (a) there are at least five species in the A. bifidus complex in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, four of which can be diagnosed based on stylet morphology, (b) the A. bifidus complex is a mixture of sympatric and allopatric species with regional and/or subglobal distributions, (c) sympatry occurs on local (sample sites), regional (Northeastern Pacific) and subglobal (Northern Atlantic, Arctic, Northeastern Pacific) scales. Mechanisms for this co-occurrence are still poorly understood, but we hypothesize they could include habitat differentiation (spatial and/or seasonal) and life history characteristics such as sexual selection and dispersal abilities. Our results also suggest the need for improved sampling and exploration of molecular markers to accurately map gene flow and broaden our understanding of species diversity and distribution of microturbellarians in particular and meiofauna in general.
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10
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Kieneke A, Nikoukar H. Integrative morphological and molecular investigation of Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853 (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida), including a redescription of the species. ZOOL ANZ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Vakati V, Kihara TC, Lee W. A new species of the genus Nannopus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Nannopodidae) from the mudflat of Ganghwa Island, Korea. P BIOL SOC WASH 2016. [DOI: 10.2988/0006-324x-129.q3.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Easton EE, Thistle D. Do some deep‐sea, sediment‐dwelling species of harpacticoid copepods have 1000‐km‐scale range sizes? Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4301-18. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. E. Easton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306‐4320 USA
| | - D. Thistle
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306‐4320 USA
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13
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Dimante-Deimantovica I, Jensen TC, Walseng B. Freshwater harpacticoids (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) in Norway – a comprehensive contribution from G.O. Sars, and a provisional checklist. J NAT HIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. C. Jensen
- The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - B. Walseng
- The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Temereva EN, Neretina TV, Stupnikova AN. The fauna of the South China Sea include unknown phoronid species: new records of larvae and adults. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1173739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena N. Temereva
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Neretina
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, White Sea Biological Station, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Wachter GA, Muster C, Arthofer W, Raspotnig G, Föttinger P, Komposch C, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC. Taking the discovery approach in integrative taxonomy: decrypting a complex of narrow-endemic Alpine harvestmen (Opiliones: Phalangiidae: Megabunus). Mol Ecol 2015; 24:863-89. [PMID: 25583278 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Species delimitation is fundamental for biological studies, yet precise delimitation is not an easy task, and every involved approach has an inherent failure rate. Integrative taxonomy, a method that merges multiple lines of evidence, can profoundly contribute to reliable alpha-taxonomy and shed light on the processes behind speciation. In this study, we explored and validated species limits in a group of closely related Megabunus harvestmen (Eupnoi, Phalangiidae) endemic to the European Alps. Without a priori species hypotheses, we used multiple sources of inference, including mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear DNA, morphometrics and chemistry. The results of these discovery approaches revealed morphological crypsis and multiple new species within two of the five hitherto known species. Based on our analyses, we discussed the most plausible evolutionary scenarios, invoked the most reasonable species hypotheses and validated the new species limits. Building upon the achieved rigour, three new species, Megabunus cryptobergomas Muster and Wachter sp. nov., Megabunus coelodonta Muster and Steiner sp. nov., and Megabunus lentipes Muster and Komposch sp. nov., are formally described. In addition, we provide a dichotomous morphological key to the Megabunus species of the Alps. Our work demonstrates the suitability of integrative, discovery-based approaches in combination with validation approaches to precisely characterize species and enabled us to implement nomenclatural consequences for this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor A Wachter
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Baguley JG, Bang HW, Moon H. First record of harpacticoid copepods from Lake Tahoe, United States: two new species of Attheyella (Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae). Zookeys 2015:1-24. [PMID: 25685014 PMCID: PMC4319061 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.479.8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic harpacticoids were collected for the first time at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, United States. Two species were identified as members of the genus Attheyella Brady, 1880. The genus Attheyella comprises about 150 species within six subgenera, but only twelve species have previously been reported from North American freshwater habitats. The two new species of Attheyella described here have a 3-segmented endopod on P1 and 2-segmented P2–P4 endopods, the distal segment of exopod of P2–P4 has three outer spines, and the P5 has five setae on the exopod and six setae on the baseoendopod. Attheyella (Attheyella) tahoensissp. n. most closely resembles Attheyella (Attheyella) idahoensis (Marsh, 1903) from Idaho, Montana, and Alaska (United States) and Attheyella (Attheyella) namkungi Kim, Soh & Lee, 2005 from Gosu Cave in South Korea. They differ mainly by the number of setae on the distal endopodal segment of P2–P4. In addition, intraspecific variation has been observed on the caudal rami. Attheyella (Neomrazekiella) tessiaesp. n. is characterized by the extension of P5 baseoendopod, 2-segmented endopod of female P2–P3, and naked third seta of male P5 exopod. The two new species are likely endemic to Lake Tahoe, an isolated alpine lake within the Great Basin watershed in the western United States.
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Blanco-Bercial L, Cornils A, Copley N, Bucklin A. DNA barcoding of marine copepods: assessment of analytical approaches to species identification. PLOS CURRENTS 2014; 6:ecurrents.tol.cdf8b74881f87e3b01d56b43791626d2. [PMID: 24987576 PMCID: PMC4073882 DOI: 10.1371/currents.tol.cdf8b74881f87e3b01d56b43791626d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 2,500 species of copepods (Class Maxillopoda; Subclass Copepoda) occur in the marine planktonic environment. The exceptional morphological conservation of the group, with numerous sibling species groups, makes the identification of species challenging, even for expert taxonomists. Molecular approaches to species identification have allowed rapid detection, discrimination, and identification of species based on DNA sequencing of single specimens and environmental samples. Despite the recent development of diverse genetic and genomic markers, the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene remains a useful and - in some cases - unequaled diagnostic character for species-level identification of copepods. This study reports 800 new barcode sequences for 63 copepod species not included in any previous study and examines the reliability and resolution of diverse statistical approaches to species identification based upon a dataset of 1,381 barcode sequences for 195 copepod species. We explore the impact of missing data (i.e., species not represented in the barcode database) on the accuracy and reliability of species identifications. Among the tested approaches, the best close match analysis resulted in accurate identification of all individuals to species, with no errors (false positives), and out-performed automated tree-based or BLAST based analyses. This comparative analysis yields new understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of DNA barcoding and confirms the value of DNA barcodes for species identification of copepods, including both individual specimens and bulk samples. Continued integrative morphological-molecular taxonomic analysis is needed to produce a taxonomically-comprehensive database of barcode sequences for all species of marine copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Cornils
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhavn, Germany
| | - Nancy Copley
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann Bucklin
- University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Fiers F, Kotwicki L. The multiple faces of Nannopus palustris auct. reconsidered: A morphological approach (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Nannopodidae). ZOOL ANZ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Arthofer W, Rauch H, Thaler-Knoflach B, Moder K, Muster C, Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM. How diverse isMitopus morio? Integrative taxonomy detects cryptic species in a small-scale sample of a widespread harvestman. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3850-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Arthofer
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hannes Rauch
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Barbara Thaler-Knoflach
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Karl Moder
- Institute of Mathematics and Applied Statistics; Department of Spatial, Landscape, and Infrastructure Sciences; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Peter Jordan-Strasse 82, 1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Muster
- General Zoology and Zoological Systematics; Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Johann Sebastian Bach-Str 11/12, 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Florian M. Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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20
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Temereva EN, Neretina TV. A distinct phoronid larva: morphological and molecular evidence. INVERTEBR SYST 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/is13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phoronids can be a major component of benthic and planktonic marine communities. Currently, the phoronid world fauna includes ten recognised species, known from adults; however, at least 32 larval forms have been described or documented. This study examined the morphology and 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes of two phoronid larvae abundant in Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan. One type was identified as the larval stage of Phoronopsis harmeri, although some distinctive features of this larva differ from the typical description. The morphological and molecular characteristics of the other larva did not match those of described species. According to our morphological results, this second actinotroch larva belongs to the genus Phoronis, but differs morphologically and molecularly from all the known species in the genus, all of which are represented in GenBank for the markers employed here. Taken together, our data suggest that the second actinotroch larva belongs to an undescribed phoronid species. The adult form of this actinotroch has never been identified, but our data suggest a close relationship with Phoronis pallida. The existence of a putative new phoronid species is also confirmed by presence of competent phoronid larvae, which are found in different aquatic areas, have a unique set of morphological features, and whose belonging is still not established.
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