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Belcik JT, Ashley MV. Riverscape genetics of the orangethroat darter complex. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:837-850. [PMID: 37971888 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater darters belonging to the orangethroat darter species complex, or Ceasia, are widely distributed in the Central and Southern United States, with ranges that span both glaciated and unglaciated regions. Up to 15 species have been recognized in the complex, with one, Etheostoma spectabile, having a widespread northern distribution and another, Etheostoma pulchellum, having a sizeable southern distribution. The other species in the complex have much more restricted distributions in unglaciated regions of the Central Highlands. We sampled 384 darters from 52 sites covering much of the range of Ceasia and evaluated patterns of genetic diversity, genetic structure, and pre- and post-glacial patterns of range contraction and expansion. We anticipated finding much stronger signals of genetic differentiation and diversification in unglaciated regions, given the higher species diversity and levels of endemism reported there. Surprisingly, microsatellite genotyping revealed two well-differentiated genetic clusters of E. spectabile in samples from glaciated regions, one confined to the Illinois River basin and another found in the Wabash drainage and Great Lakes tributaries. This suggests that there was expansion from two isolated glacial refugia, with little subsequent post-glacial gene flow. Fish collected from throughout the unglaciated region were less genetically differentiated. Fish assigned to Etheostoma burri and Etheostoma uniporum based on collection sites and morphological characters were not genetically differentiated from E. spectabile samples from the region. Hybridization and introgression occurring in the Central Highlands may confound genetic delineation of species in this region of high endemism and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Belcik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Chicago District, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary V Ashley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Schraidt CE, Ackiss AS, Larson WA, Rowe MD, Höök TO, Christie MR. Dispersive currents explain patterns of population connectivity in an ecologically and economically important fish. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1284-1301. [PMID: 37492152 PMCID: PMC10363847 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
How to identify the drivers of population connectivity remains a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. Answering this question can be challenging in aquatic environments where dynamic lake and ocean currents coupled with high levels of dispersal and gene flow can decrease the utility of modern population genetic tools. To address this challenge, we used RAD-Seq to genotype 959 yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a species with an ~40-day pelagic larval duration (PLD), collected from 20 sites circumscribing Lake Michigan. We also developed a novel, integrative approach that couples detailed biophysical models with eco-genetic agent-based models to generate "predictive" values of genetic differentiation. By comparing predictive and empirical values of genetic differentiation, we estimated the relative contributions for known drivers of population connectivity (e.g., currents, behavior, PLD). For the main basin populations (i.e., the largest contiguous portion of the lake), we found that high gene flow led to low overall levels of genetic differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.003). By far the best predictors of genetic differentiation were connectivity matrices that were derived from periods of time when there were strong and highly dispersive currents. Thus, these highly dispersive currents are driving the patterns of population connectivity in the main basin. We also found that populations from the northern and southern main basin are slightly divergent from one another, while those from Green Bay and the main basin are highly divergent (F ST = 0.11). By integrating biophysical and eco-genetic models with genome-wide data, we illustrate that the drivers of population connectivity can be identified in high gene flow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Schraidt
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Amanda S. Ackiss
- Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research UnitCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsinUSA
- U.S. Geological SurveyGreat Lakes Science CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Wesley A. Larson
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Marine Fisheries ServiceAlaska Fisheries Science CenterJuneauAlaskaUSA
| | - Mark D. Rowe
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research LaboratoryAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Tomas O. Höök
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Illinois‐Indiana Sea GrantPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Mark R. Christie
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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3
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Gehri RR, Gruenthal K, Larson WA. It's complicated: Heterogeneous patterns of genetic structure in five fish species from a fragmented river suggest multiple processes can drive differentiation. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2079-2097. [PMID: 34429750 PMCID: PMC8372089 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of river systems by dams can have substantial genetic impacts on fish populations. However, genetic structure can exist naturally at small scales through processes other than isolation by physical barriers. We sampled individuals from five native fish species with varying life histories above and below a dam in the lower Boardman River, Michigan, USA, and used RADseq to investigate processes influencing genetic structure in this system. Species assessed were white sucker Catostomus commersonii, yellow perch Perca flavescens, walleye Sander vitreus, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris. We detected significant differentiation within each species, but patterns of population structure varied substantially. Interestingly, genetic structure did not appear to be solely the result of fragmentation by the dam. While genetic structure in yellow perch and walleye generally coincided with "above dam" and "below dam" sampling locations, samples from our other three species did not. Specifically, samples from rock bass, smallmouth bass, and, to a much lesser extent, white sucker, aligned with a putative Great Lakes (GL) group that contained mostly individuals sampled below the dam and a putative Boardman River (BR) group that contained individuals sampled both above and below the dam, with some evidence of admixture among groups. We hypothesize that the GL and BR groups formed prior to dam construction and our samples largely represent a mixed stock that was sampled sympatrically outside of the spawning season. Support for this hypothesis is especially strong in smallmouth bass, where GL fish were 151 mm smaller than BR fish on average, suggesting a potential ontogenetic habitat shift of young GL fish into the lower river for feeding and/or refuge. Our study illuminates the complex dynamics shaping genetic structure in fragmented river systems and indicates that conclusions drawn for a single species cannot be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Gehri
- Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research UnitCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWIUSA
| | - Kristen Gruenthal
- Office of Applied ScienceWisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWIUSA
- Alaska Department of Fish and GameGene Conservation LaboratoryJuneauAKUSA
| | - Wesley A. Larson
- U.S. Geological SurveyWisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research UnitCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWIUSA
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Marine Fisheries ServiceAlaska Fisheries Science CenterAuke Bay LaboratoriesJuneauAKUSA
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4
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Guo L, Yao H, Shepherd B, Sepulveda-Villet OJ, Zhang DC, Wang HP. Development of a Genomic Resource and Identification of Nucleotide Diversity of Yellow Perch by RAD Sequencing. Front Genet 2019; 10:992. [PMID: 31681426 PMCID: PMC6802114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Aquatic Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States.,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institutes, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Aquatic Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States
| | - Brian Shepherd
- USDA-ARS-School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Osvaldo J Sepulveda-Villet
- USDA-ARS-School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institutes, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Aquatic Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States
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5
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Chorak GM, Ruetz CR, Thum RA, Partridge CG, Janetski DJ, Höök TO, Clapp DF. Yellow perch genetic structure and habitat use among connected habitats in eastern Lake Michigan. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8922-8932. [PMID: 31462991 PMCID: PMC6706189 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genetic and phenotypic diversity is widely recognized as an important conservation priority, yet managers often lack basic information about spatial patterns of population structure and its relationship with habitat heterogeneity and species movement within it. To address this knowledge gap, we focused on the economically and ecologically prominent yellow perch (Perca flavescens). In the Lake Michigan basin, yellow perch reside in nearshore Lake Michigan, including drowned river mouths (DRMs)-protected, lake-like habitats that link tributaries to Lake Michigan. The goal of this study was to examine the extent that population structure is associated with Great Lakes connected habitats (i.e., DRMs) in a mobile fish species using yellow perch as a model. Specifically, we tested whether DRMs and eastern Lake Michigan constitute distinct genetic stocks of yellow perch, and if so, whether those stocks migrate between the two connected habitats throughout the year. To do so, we genotyped yellow perch at 14 microsatellite loci collected from 10 DRMs in both deep and littoral habitats during spring, summer, and autumn and two nearshore sites in Lake Michigan (spring and autumn) during 2015-2016 and supplemented our sampling with fish collected in 2013. We found that yellow perch from littoral-DRM habitats were genetically distinct from fish captured in nearshore Lake Michigan. Our data also suggested that Lake Michigan yellow perch likely use deep-DRM habitats during autumn. Further, we found genetic structuring among DRMs. These patterns support hypotheses of fishery managers that yellow perch seasonally migrate to and from Lake Michigan, yet, interestingly, these fish do not appear to interbreed with littoral fish despite occupying the same DRM. We recommend that fisheries managers account for this complex population structure and movement when setting fishing regulations and assessing the effects of harvest in Lake Michigan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Chorak
- Robert B. Annis Water Resources Institute GrandValley State UniversityMuskegonMichigan
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontana
| | - Carl R. Ruetz
- Robert B. Annis Water Resources Institute GrandValley State UniversityMuskegonMichigan
| | - Ryan A. Thum
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontana
| | - Charlyn G. Partridge
- Robert B. Annis Water Resources Institute GrandValley State UniversityMuskegonMichigan
| | - David J. Janetski
- Department of BiologyIndiana University of PennsylvaniaIndianaPennsylvania
| | - Tomas O. Höök
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesIllinois‐Indiana Sea Grant Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
| | - David F. Clapp
- Charlevoix Fisheries Research StationMichigan Department of Natural ResourcesCharlevoixMichigan
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6
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Stepien CA, Snyder MR, Elz AE. Invasion genetics of the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix across North America: Differentiation of fronts, introgression, and eDNA metabarcode detection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0203012. [PMID: 30917127 PMCID: PMC6436794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1970s, the introduced silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (which is indigenous to eastern Asia) escaped from southern U.S. aquaculture to spread throughout the Mississippi River basin, and since has steadily moved northward. This large, prolific filter-feeder reduces food availability for other fishes. It now has reached the threshold of the Laurentian Great Lakes, where it likely will significantly impact food chains and fisheries. Our study evaluates population genetic variability and differentiation of the silver carp using 10 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci, and sequences of two mitochondrial genes-cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, along with the nuclear ribosomal protein S7 gene intron 1. We analyze population samples from: two primary Great Lakes' invasion fronts (at the Illinois River outside of Chicago, IL in Lake Michigan and in the Wabash River, which leads into the Maumee River and western Lake Erie), the original establishment "core" in the Lower Mississippi River, and expansion areas in the Upper Mississippi and Missouri rivers. We analyze and compare our results with bighead and other invasive carps, and cyprinid relatives. Results reveal that the silver carp invasion possesses moderate levels of genetic diversity, with more mtDNA haplotypes and unique microsatellite alleles in the "core" Lower Mississippi River population, which also diverges the most. The two invasion fronts also significantly genetically differ. About 3% of individuals (including all populations except the Illinois River) contain a unique and very divergent mtDNA haplotype, which likely stems from historic introgression in Asia with female largescale silver carp H. harmandi. The nuclear microsatellites and S7 sequences of the introgressed individuals do not differ from silver carp and are very distant from bighead carp. These sequence variation data are employed to design and evaluate a targeted high-throughput metabarcoding sequence assay that identifies and distinguishes among species of invasive carps (i.e., silver, bighead, grass, black, and common carps, along with goldfish), as well as native cyprinids, using cytochrome b. Our assay further differentiates among selected silver carp haplotypes (including between H. molitrix and H. harmandi), for use in population genetics and future analyses of spread pathways. We test and evaluate this assay on environmental (e)DNA water samples from 48 bait shops in the Great Lakes' region (along the Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, and Wabash River watersheds), using positive and negative controls and custom bioinformatic processing. Test results discern silver carp eDNA in four of the shops-three in Lake Erie and one in the Wabash River watershed-and bighead carp from one of the same Lake Erie venues, suggesting that retailers (who often source from established southerly populations) comprise another introduction vector. Our overall findings thus provide key population genetic and phylogenetic data for understanding and tracing introductions, vectors, and spread pathways for silver carp, their variants, and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Stepien
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Genetics and Genomics Group (G3), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Snyder
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Genetics and Genomics Group (G3), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Anna E. Elz
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Genetics and Genomics Group (G3), Seattle, WA, United States of America
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7
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Stepien CA, Karsiotis SI, Sullivan TJ, Klymus KE. Population genetic structure and comparative diversity of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu: congruent patterns from two genomes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:2125-2147. [PMID: 28321848 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity and divergence patterns of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu spawning groups are analysed across its northern native range with mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences and eight unlinked nuclear DNA microsatellite loci. Results reveal high levels of genetic variability and significant differences in allelic representation among populations (mtDNA: mean ± s.e., HD = 0·50 ± 0·06, mean ± s.e., θST = 0·41 ± 0·02 and microsatellites: mean ± s.e. HO = 0·46 ± 0·03, mean ± s.e. θST = 0·25 ± 0·01). The distributions of 28 variant mtDNA haplotypes, which differ by an average of 3·94 nucleotides (range = 1-8), denote divergent representation among geographic areas. Microsatellite data support nine primary population groups, whose high self-assignment probabilities likewise display marked divergence. Genetic patterns demonstrate: (1) high genetic diversity in both genomes, (2) significant divergence among populations, probably resulting from natal site homing and low lifetime migration, (3) support for three post-glacial refugia that variously contributed to the current northern populations, which remain evident today despite waterway connectivity and (4) a weak yet significant genetic isolation by geographic distance pattern, indicating that other processes affect the differences among populations, such as territoriality and site fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Stepien
- Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, U.S.A
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, U.S.A
| | - S I Karsiotis
- Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, U.S.A
| | - T J Sullivan
- Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, U.S.A
| | - K E Klymus
- Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, U.S.A
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8
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Snyder MR, Stepien CA. Genetic patterns across an invasion's history: a test of change versus stasis for the Eurasian round goby in North America. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1075-1090. [PMID: 28029720 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions comprise accidental evolutionary experiments, whose genetic compositions underlie relative success, spread and persistence in new habitats. However, little is known about whether, or how, their population genetic patterns change temporally and/or spatially across the invasion's history. Theory predicts that most would undergo founder effect, exhibit low genetic divergence across the new range and gain variation over time via new arriving propagules. To test these predictions, we analyse population genetic diversity and divergence patterns of the Eurasian round goby Neogobius melanostomus across the two decades of its North American invasion in the Laurentian Great Lakes, comparing results from 13 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences. We test whether 'genetic stasis', 'genetic replacement' and/or 'genetic supplement' scenarios have occurred at the invasion's core and expansion sites, in comparison with its primary native source population in the Dnieper River, Black Sea. Results reveal pronounced genetic divergence across the exotic range, with population areas remaining genetically distinct and statistically consistent across two decades, supporting 'genetic stasis' and 'founder takes most'. The original genotypes continue to predominate, whose high population growth likely outpaced the relative success of later arrivals. The original invasion core has stayed the most similar to the native source. Secondary expansion sites indicate slight allelic composition convergence towards the core population over time, attributable to some early 'genetic supplementation'. The geographic and temporal coverage of this investigation offers a rare opportunity to discern population dynamics over time and space in context of invasion genetic theory vs. reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Snyder
- Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, The Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.,NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Carol A Stepien
- Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, The Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.,NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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9
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Stager JC, Sporn LA, Johnson M, Regalado S. Of paleo-genes and Perch: what if an "alien" is actually a native? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119071. [PMID: 25751263 PMCID: PMC4353722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Documenting whether a biotic taxon is native or alien to an ecosystem has theoretical value for ecological and evolutionary studies, and has practical value because it can potentially identify a taxon as a desirable component of an ecosystem or target it for removal. In some cases, however, such background information is inadequate or unavailable. Here we use paleo-DNA to re-evaluate the historical status of yellow perch in the 6 million acre Adirondack State Park of northern New York. Yellow perch DNA in a 2200-year sediment record reveals a long-term native status for these supposedly alien fish and challenges assumptions that they necessarily exclude native trout from upland lakes. Similar approaches could be applied to other species with uncertain historical distributions and could help to identify unrecognized pockets of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Curt Stager
- Natural Sciences Division, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, United States of America
| | - Lee Ann Sporn
- Natural Sciences Division, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, United States of America
| | - Melanie Johnson
- Natural Sciences Division, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, United States of America
| | - Sean Regalado
- Natural Sciences Division, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, United States of America
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10
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Matala AP, Ackerman MW, Campbell MR, Narum SR. Relative contributions of neutral and non-neutral genetic differentiation to inform conservation of steelhead trout across highly variable landscapes. Evol Appl 2014; 7:682-701. [PMID: 25067950 PMCID: PMC4105918 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence of climatic effects on riverine environments and adaptive responses of fishes have elicited growing conservation concerns. Measures to rectify population declines include assessment of local extinction risk, population ecology, viability, and genetic differentiation. While conservation planning has been largely informed by neutral genetic structure, there has been a dearth of critical information regarding the role of non-neutral or functional genetic variation. We evaluated genetic variation among steelhead trout of the Columbia River Basin, which supports diverse populations distributed among dynamic landscapes. We categorized 188 SNP loci as either putatively neutral or candidates for divergent selection (non-neutral) using a multitest association approach. Neutral variation distinguished lineages and defined broad-scale population structure consistent with previous studies, but fine-scale resolution was also detected at levels not previously observed. Within distinct coastal and inland lineages, we identified nine and 22 candidate loci commonly associated with precipitation or temperature variables and putatively under divergent selection. Observed patterns of non-neutral variation suggest overall climate is likely to shape local adaptation (e.g., potential rapid evolution) of steelhead trout in the Columbia River region. Broad geographic patterns of neutral and non-neutral variation demonstrated here can be used to accommodate priorities for regional management and inform long-term conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Matala
- Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission Hagerman, ID, USA
| | - Michael W Ackerman
- Eagle Fish Genetic Laboratory, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission Eagle, ID, USA
| | - Matthew R Campbell
- Eagle Fish Genetic Laboratory, Idaho Department of Fish and Game Eagle, ID, USA
| | - Shawn R Narum
- Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission Hagerman, ID, USA
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11
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Haponski AE, Stepien CA. A population genetic window into the past and future of the walleye Sander vitreus: relation to historic walleye and the extinct "blue pike" S. v. "glaucus". BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:133. [PMID: 24941945 PMCID: PMC4229939 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conserving genetic diversity and local adaptations are management priorities for wild populations of exploited species, which increasingly are subject to climate change, habitat loss, and pollution. These constitute growing concerns for the walleye Sander vitreus, an ecologically and economically valuable North American temperate fish with large Laurentian Great Lakes' fisheries. This study compares genetic diversity and divergence patterns across its widespread native range using mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region sequences and nine nuclear DNA microsatellite (μsat) loci, examining historic and contemporary influences. We analyze the genetic and morphological characters of a putative endemic variant– “blue pike” S. v. “glaucus” –described from Lakes Erie and Ontario, which became extinct. Walleye with turquoise-colored mucus also are evaluated, since some have questioned whether these are related to the “blue pike”. Results Walleye populations are distinguished by considerable genetic divergence (mean FST mtDNA = 0.32 ± 0.01, μsat = 0.13 ± 0.00) and substantial diversity across their range (mean heterozygosity mtDNA = 0.53 ± 0.02, μsat = 0.68 ± 0.03). Southern populations markedly differ, possessing unique haplotypes and alleles, especially the Ohio/New River population that houses the oldest haplotype and has the most pronounced divergence. Northern formerly glaciated populations have greatest diversity in Lake Erie (mean heterozygosity mtDNA = 0.79 ± 0.00, μsat = 0.72 ± 0.01). Genetic diversity was much less in the historic Lake Erie samples from 1923–1949 (mean heterozygosity mtDNA = 0.05 ± 0.01, μsat = 0.47 ± 0.06) than today. The historic “blue pike” had no unique haplotypes/alleles and there is no evidence that it comprised a separate taxon from walleye. Turquoise mucus walleye also show no genetic differentiation from other sympatric walleye and no correspondence to the “blue pike”. Conclusions Contemporary walleye populations possess high levels of genetic diversity and divergence, despite habitat degradation and exploitation. Genetic and previously published tagging data indicate that natal homing and spawning site philopatry led to population structure. Population patterns were shaped by climate change and drainage connections, with northern ones tracing to post-glacial recolonization. Southerly populations possess unique alleles and may provide an important genetic reservoir. Allelic frequencies of Lake Erie walleye from ~70–90 years ago significantly differed from those today, suggesting population recovery after extensive habitat loss, pollution, and exploitation. The historic “blue pike” is indistinguishable from walleye, indicating that taxonomic designation is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol A Stepien
- The Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Toledo, 6200 Bayshore Road, Toledo, OH 43616, USA.
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12
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Haponski AE, Stepien CA. Phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of theSanderpikeperches (Percidae: Perciformes): patterns across North America and Eurasia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Haponski
- The Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory; Lake Erie Center and the Department of Environmental Sciences; The University of Toledo; 6200 Bayshore Road; Toledo; OH; 43616; USA
| | - Carol A. Stepien
- The Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory; Lake Erie Center and the Department of Environmental Sciences; The University of Toledo; 6200 Bayshore Road; Toledo; OH; 43616; USA
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13
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Kocovsky PM, Sullivan TJ, Knight CT, Stepien CA. Genetic and morphometric differences demonstrate fine-scale population substructure of the yellow perch Perca flavescens: need for redefined management units. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:2015-2030. [PMID: 23731149 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body morphometrics and 15 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci were analysed for 158 Perca flavescens collected during the spawning season from four spawning locations in central Lake Erie, two along the northern shore and two along the southern shore, to evaluate fine-scale variation (spanning 17-94 km). Results showed significant morphological and genetic differences among P. flavescens from the four locations. The magnitudes of differences were unrelated to geographic distance, demonstrating spatially heterogeneous levels of genetic divergence. These results linked morphometric and genetic variation, showing a discontinuity of scale between currently defined management units and population structure of P. flavescens in Lake Erie, and support that P. flavescens might exist as one or more metapopulations. Findings demonstrate the value of using complementary techniques for evaluating population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Kocovsky
- US Geological Survey Lake Erie Biological Station, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA.
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