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Konuma J, Fujisawa T, Nishiyama T, Kasahara M, Shibata TF, Nozawa M, Shigenobu S, Toyoda A, Hasebe M, Sota T. Odd-Paired is Involved in Morphological Divergence of Snail-Feeding Beetles. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae110. [PMID: 38857185 PMCID: PMC11214159 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Body shape and size diversity and their evolutionary rates correlate with species richness at the macroevolutionary scale. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the morphological diversification across related species are poorly understood. In beetles, which account for one-fourth of the known species, adaptation to different trophic niches through morphological diversification appears to have contributed to species radiation. Here, we explored the key genes for the morphological divergence of the slender to stout body shape related to divergent feeding methods on large to small snails within the genus Carabus. We show that the zinc-finger transcription factor encoded by odd-paired (opa) controls morphological variation in the snail-feeding ground beetle Carabus blaptoides. Specifically, opa was identified as the gene underlying the slender to stout morphological difference between subspecies through genetic mapping and functional analysis via gene knockdown. Further analyses revealed that changes in opa cis-regulatory sequences likely contributed to the differences in body shape and size between C. blaptoides subspecies. Among opa cis-regulatory sequences, single nucleotide polymorphisms on the transcription factor binding sites may be associated with the morphological differences between C. blaptoides subspecies. opa was highly conserved in a wide range of taxa, especially in beetles. Therefore, opa may play an important role in adaptive morphological divergence in beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Konuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomochika Fujisawa
- Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishiyama
- Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kasahara
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Nozawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate School for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Akiyama K, Jang TW, Park YH, Shinohara T, Konuma J, Liang H, Kubota K, Sota T, Ishikawa R, Kim JL, Kim JK, Takami Y. Phylogeographical analysis of character displacement in feeding phenotypes of snail-feeding Acoptolabrus ground beetles. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ecological character displacement predicts that interspecific resource competition results in greater trait divergence between species in sympatry than in allopatry. However, other processes, such as ecological sorting, result in the same pattern of trait variation. In this study, we characterize character displacement in eight species of snail-feeding Acoptolabrus ground beetles in the Far East. Acoptolabrus exhibit divergent feeding phenotypes, including species with a slender forebody that is able to intrude into large shells and species with stout heads and mandibles for crushing small shells. The pattern of character displacement in feeding phenotypes was confirmed by multivariate analysis of body dimensions. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimation and biogeographical analysis revealed that sympatry and phenotypic divergence occurred repeatedly during the Pleistocene and almost simultaneously within each geographical area. Comparative analysis revealed that the evolution of feeding phenotypes best fitted a selective model with three adaptive optima, corresponding to the three cases of sympatry with a congener. Repeated coincidences of sympatry and adaptive differentiation in feeding phenotypes suggested causal relationships, although the precise order of events was difficult to discriminate. This study provides insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of interspecific interactions and adaptive phenotypic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Akiyama
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tae Woong Jang
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Tadashi Shinohara
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junji Konuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kohei Kubota
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Jung Lark Kim
- Department of Health Management, Uiduk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Kim
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
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Komurai R, Fujisawa T, Okuzaki Y, Sota T. Genomic regions and genes related to inter-population differences in body size in the ground beetle Carabus japonicus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7773. [PMID: 28798311 PMCID: PMC5552851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size is a key trait in diversification among animal species, and revealing the gene regions responsible for body size diversification among populations or related species is important in evolutionary biology. We explored the genomic regions associated with body size differences in Carabus japonicus ground beetle populations by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of F2 hybrids from differently sized parents from two populations using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and de novo assembly of the beetle whole genome. The assembled genome had a total length of 191 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 0.73 Mb; 14,929 protein-coding genes were predicted. Three QTLs on different linkage groups had major effects on the overall size, which is composed chiefly of elytral length. In addition, we found QTLs on autosomal and X chromosomal linkage groups that affected head length and width, thoracic width, and elytral width. We determined the gene loci potentially related to control of body size in scaffolds of the genome sequence, which contained the QTL regions. The genetic basis of body size variation based on a small number of major loci would promote differentiation in body size in response to selection pressures related to variations in environmental conditions and inter-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Komurai
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomochika Fujisawa
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okuzaki
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Tomakomai, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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Esteve-Altava B. In search of morphological modules: a systematic review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1332-1347. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Esteve-Altava
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
- Department of Anatomy; College of Medicine, Howard University; 520 W Street, NW, Numa Adams Building Washington DC 20059 USA
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