1
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Dufresnes C, Dutoit L, Brelsford A, Goldstein-Witsenburg F, Clément L, López-Baucells A, Palmeirim J, Pavlinić I, Scaravelli D, Ševčík M, Christe P, Goudet J. Inferring genetic structure when there is little: population genetics versus genomics of the threatened bat Miniopterus schreibersii across Europe. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1523. [PMID: 36707640 PMCID: PMC9883447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their paramount importance in molecular ecology and conservation, genetic diversity and structure remain challenging to quantify with traditional genotyping methods. Next-generation sequencing holds great promises, but this has not been properly tested in highly mobile species. In this article, we compared microsatellite and RAD-sequencing (RAD-seq) analyses to investigate population structure in the declining bent-winged bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) across Europe. Both markers retrieved general patterns of weak range-wide differentiation, little sex-biased dispersal, and strong isolation by distance that associated with significant genetic structure between the three Mediterranean Peninsulas, which could have acted as glacial refugia. Microsatellites proved uninformative in individual-based analyses, but the resolution offered by genomic SNPs illuminated on regional substructures within several countries, with colonies sharing migrators of distinct ancestry without admixture. This finding is consistent with a marked philopatry and spatial partitioning between mating and rearing grounds in the species, which was suspected from marked-recaptured data. Our study advocates that genomic data are necessary to properly unveil the genetic footprints left by biogeographic processes and social organization in long-distant flyers, which are otherwise rapidly blurred by their high levels of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- Laboratory for Amphibian Systematic and Evolutionary Research, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Laura Clément
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adria López-Baucells
- Bat Research Area, Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, Carrer Palaudaries 102, 08402, Granollers, Spain
| | - Jorge Palmeirim
- Department of Animal Biology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change - cE3c, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Igor Pavlinić
- Department of Zoology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Scaravelli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Ševčík
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jérôme Goudet
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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van Houdt S, Traill LW. A synthesis of human conflict with an African megaherbivore; the common hippopotamus. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.954722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The common hippopotamus is an extant African megaherbivore that is relatively understudied by scientists and underfunded by conservation organisations. Conflict with people, however, is a major concern given the danger that hippos pose to human life. Moreover, very little is known about human–hippo conflict (HHC), and experimental fieldwork on mitigation methods has hardly been conducted. Here we conduct an exhaustive review of the primary and grey literature outlining how the conflict between people and hippos arises, the impacts of conflict on both human communities and hippo populations, and all known intervention measures. Our review highlights the effectiveness of barriers around crops, riparian buffer zones (that exclude cattle and crop planting), and payments for environmental services as tools to mitigate HHC. This study also highlights the knowledge gaps in HHC research, particularly the spatial scale of HHC, the lack of field experimental research on deterrents, and a paucity of knowledge on outcomes of projected climate change and HHC.
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3
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Karpinski E, Hackenberger D, Zazula G, Widga C, Duggan AT, Golding GB, Kuch M, Klunk J, Jass CN, Groves P, Druckenmiller P, Schubert BW, Arroyo-Cabrales J, Simpson WF, Hoganson JW, Fisher DC, Ho SYW, MacPhee RDE, Poinar HN. American mastodon mitochondrial genomes suggest multiple dispersal events in response to Pleistocene climate oscillations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4048. [PMID: 32873779 PMCID: PMC7463256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles are correlated with dramatic temperature oscillations. Examining how species responded to these natural fluctuations can provide valuable insights into the impacts of present-day anthropogenic climate change. Here we present a phylogeographic study of the extinct American mastodon (Mammut americanum), based on 35 complete mitochondrial genomes. These data reveal the presence of multiple lineages within this species, including two distinct clades from eastern Beringia. Our molecular date estimates suggest that these clades arose at different times, supporting a pattern of repeated northern expansion and local extirpation in response to glacial cycling. Consistent with this hypothesis, we also note lower levels of genetic diversity among northern mastodons than in endemic clades south of the continental ice sheets. The results of our study highlight the complex relationships between population dispersals and climate change, and can provide testable hypotheses for extant species expected to experience substantial biogeographic impacts from rising temperatures. Pleistocene population dynamics can inform the consequences of current climate change. This phylogeography of 35 complete American mastodon mitochondrial genomes suggests distinct lineages in this species repeatedly expanded northwards and then went locally extinct in response to glacial cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Karpinski
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada. .,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Dirk Hackenberger
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Grant Zazula
- Yukon Palaeontology Program, Department of Tourism and Culture, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 2C6, Canada.,Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON, K2P 2R1, Canada
| | - Chris Widga
- Center of Excellence in Paleontology and Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Ana T Duggan
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada
| | - G Brian Golding
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Melanie Kuch
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Klunk
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada.,Arbor Biosciences, Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA
| | - Christopher N Jass
- Quaternary Palaeontology Program, Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, T5J 0G2, Canada
| | - Pam Groves
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Patrick Druckenmiller
- Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska, AK, 99775, USA.,University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Blaine W Schubert
- Center of Excellence in Paleontology and Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales
- Laboratorio de Arqueozoologia, SLAA, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Ciudad de México, 06600, México
| | - William F Simpson
- Gantz Family Collections Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Fisher
- Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ross D E MacPhee
- Department of Mammalogy/Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Hendrik N Poinar
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada.
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4
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Eddine A, Rocha RG, Mostefai N, Karssene Y, De Smet K, Brito JC, Klees D, Nowak C, Cocchiararo B, Lopes S, van der Leer P, Godinho R. Demographic expansion of an African opportunistic carnivore during the Neolithic revolution. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20190560. [PMID: 31964262 PMCID: PMC7013491 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of Neolithic technology together with the Holocene Climatic Optimum fostered the spread of human settlements and pastoral activities in North Africa, resulting in profound and enduring consequences for the dynamics of species, communities and landscapes. Here, we investigate the demographic history of the African wolf (Canis lupaster), a recently recognized canid species, to understand if demographic trends of this generalist and opportunistic carnivore reflect the increase in food availability that emerged after the arrival of the Neolithic economy in North Africa. We screened nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in samples collected throughout Algeria and Tunisia, and implemented coalescent approaches to estimate the variation of effective population sizes from present to ancestral time. We have found consistent evidence supporting the hypothesis that the African wolf population experienced a meaningful expansion concurring with a period of rapid population expansion of domesticates linked to the advent of agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eddine
- Laboratory of Water Conservatory Management Soil and Forest, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria.,Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, University of Setif, 19000 Setif, Algeria
| | - Rita Gomes Rocha
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Noureddine Mostefai
- Laboratory of Water Conservatory Management Soil and Forest, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Yamna Karssene
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Arid Land Institute of Medenine, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Koen De Smet
- Society of North African Big Carnivores Stichting, Drabstraat 288, BE-2640 Mortsel, Belgium
| | - José Carlos Brito
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dick Klees
- Society of North African Big Carnivores Stichting, Drabstraat 288, BE-2640 Mortsel, Belgium
| | - Casten Nowak
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Conservation Genetics Section, Clamecystraße. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Berardino Cocchiararo
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Conservation Genetics Section, Clamecystraße. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Susana Lopes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Peter van der Leer
- Society of North African Big Carnivores Stichting, Drabstraat 288, BE-2640 Mortsel, Belgium
| | - Raquel Godinho
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 534, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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5
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6
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Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Suriadna N, Mykytynets G, Cogălniceanu D, Székely P, Vukov T, Arntzen JW, Wielstra B, Lymberakis P, Geffen E, Gafny S, Kumlutaş Y, Ilgaz Ç, Candan K, Mizsei E, Szabolcs M, Kolenda K, Smirnov N, Géniez P, Lukanov S, Crochet PA, Dubey S, Perrin N, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M. Phylogeography of a cryptic speciation continuum in Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates). Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3257-3270. [PMID: 31254307 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cryptic phylogeographic diversifications provide unique models to examine the role of phylogenetic divergence on the evolution of reproductive isolation, without extrinsic factors such as ecological and behavioural differentiation. Yet, to date very few comparative studies have been attempted within such radiations. Here, we characterize a new speciation continuum in a group of widespread Eurasian amphibians, the Pelobates spadefoot toads, by conducting multilocus (restriction site associated DNA sequencing and mitochondrial DNA) phylogenetic, phylogeographic and hybrid zone analyses. Within the P. syriacus complex, we discovered species-level cryptic divergences (>5 million years ago [My]) between populations distributed in the Near-East (hereafter P. syriacus sensu stricto [s.s.]) and southeastern Europe (hereafter P. balcanicus), each featuring deep intraspecific lineages. Altogether, we could scale hybridizability to divergence time along six different stages, spanning from sympatry without gene flow (P. fuscus and P. balcanicus, >10 My), parapatry with highly restricted hybridization (P. balcanicus and P. syriacus s.s., >5 My), narrow hybrid zones (~15 km) consistent with partial reproductive isolation (P. fuscus and P. vespertinus, ~3 My), to extensive admixture between Pleistocene and refugial lineages (≤2 My). This full spectrum empirically supports a gradual build up of reproductive barriers through time, reversible up until a threshold that we estimate at ~3 My. Hence, cryptic phylogeographic lineages may fade away or become reproductively isolated species simply depending on the time they persist in allopatry, and without definite ecomorphological divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Hintermann & Weber SA, Montreux, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Conservation Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Strachinis
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nataliia Suriadna
- Melitopol Insitute of Ecology and Social Technologies of University "Ukraine", Melitopol, Zaporizhia, Ukraine
| | | | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, University Ovidius Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Paul Székely
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Tanja Vukov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Wielstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Irakleio, Crete, Greece
| | - Eli Geffen
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarig Gafny
- School of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel
| | - Yusuf Kumlutaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Turkey.,Research and Application Center for Fauna and Flora, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Turkey.,Research and Application Center for Fauna and Flora, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kamil Candan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Turkey.,Research and Application Center for Fauna and Flora, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Edvárd Mizsei
- Department of Tisza River Research, Danube Research Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márton Szabolcs
- Department of Tisza River Research, Danube Research Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Kolenda
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nazar Smirnov
- Department of Nature, Chernivtsi Regional Museum, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Philippe Géniez
- CEFE, EPHE-PSL, CNRS, University of Montpellier, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Simeon Lukanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Dubey
- Hintermann & Weber SA, Montreux, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Agrosustain SA, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Zoology and Physiology, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Behavioural Biology Group, Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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7
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Shirley MH, Austin JD. Did Late Pleistocene climate change result in parallel genetic structure and demographic bottlenecks in sympatric Central African crocodiles, Mecistops and Osteolaemus? Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6463-6477. [PMID: 29024142 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The mid-Holocene has had profound demographic impacts on wildlife on the African continent, although there is little known about the impacts on species from Central Africa. Understanding the impacts of climate change on codistributed species can enhance our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and for formulating restoration objectives. We took a multigenome comparative approach to examine the phylogeographic structure of two poorly known Central African crocodile species-Mecistops sp. aff. cataphractus and Osteolaemus tetraspis. In addition, we conducted coalescent-based demographic reconstructions to test the hypothesis that population decline was driven by climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum, vs. more recent anthropogenic pressures. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model to reconstruct demographic history, we show that both species had dramatic declines (>97%) in effective population size in the 'period following the Last Glacial Maximum 1,500-18,000 YBP. Identification of genetic structuring showed both species have similar regional structure corresponding to major geological features (i.e., hydrologic basin) and that small observed differences between them are best explained by the differences in their ecology and the likely impact that climate change had on their habitat needs. Our results support our hypothesis that climatic effects, presumably on forest and wetland habitat, had a congruent negative impact on both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Shirley
- Tropical Conservation Institute, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL, USA.,Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, Loxahatchee, FL, USA
| | - James D Austin
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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8
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Tennant KS, Segura VD, Morris MC, Snyder KD, Bocian D, Maloney D, Maple TL. Achieving optimal welfare for the Nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in North American zoos and aquariums. Behav Processes 2017; 156:51-57. [PMID: 28760450 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Compared to other megafauna managed in zoos and aquariums, the current state of welfare for the Nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) is poorly understood. Complex behavior and physiological characteristics make hippos a difficult species to manage. Thus, hippos in managed care are currently at risk for a decreased state of welfare. In an effort to assess and improve conditions for this species, a survey was administered to North American institutions housing Nile hippos. This assessment utilized a multiple-choice format and consisted of questions relating to group structure, behavior, and exhibit design, allowing for the creation of cross-institutional, welfare-based analysis. Responses were gathered from 85.29% of the institutions to which the survey was distributed. Despite recommendations for maintaining groups of at least five individuals (Forthman, 1998), only 34.25% of hippos in North America were housed in groups of three or more. The survey also highlighted that 39.29% of institutions secure their hippos in holding areas overnight, despite their highly active nocturnal propensities. A better understanding of hippo behavior and environmental preferences can be used to inform wellness-oriented management practices to achieve a state of "optimal welfare".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin S Tennant
- Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 370 Zoo Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32218, United States; University of North Florida, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
| | - Valerie D Segura
- Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 370 Zoo Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32218, United States.
| | - Megan C Morris
- Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 370 Zoo Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32218, United States; University of North Florida, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
| | | | - David Bocian
- San Francisco Zoo, Sloat Blvd. at the Great Highway, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States.
| | - Dan Maloney
- Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 370 Zoo Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32218, United States.
| | - Terry L Maple
- Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 370 Zoo Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32218, United States; University of North Florida, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States; Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
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9
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Robinson TJ, Cernohorska H, Schulze E, Duran-Puig A. Molecular cytogenetics of tragelaphine and alcelaphine interspecies hybrids: hybridization, introgression and speciation in some African antelope. Biol Lett 2016; 11:rsbl.2015.0707. [PMID: 26582842 PMCID: PMC4685540 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization can occur naturally among diverging lineages as part of the evolutionary process leading to complete reproductive isolation, or it can result from range shifts and habitat alteration through global warming and/or other anthropogenic influences. Here we report a molecular cytogenetic investigation of hybridization between taxonomically distinct species of the Alcelaphini (Alcelaphus buselaphus 2n = 40 × Damaliscus lunatus 2n = 36) and the Tragelaphini (Tragelaphus strepsiceros 2n = 31/32 × Tragelaphus angasii 2n = 55/56). Cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridization provides unequivocal evidence of the scale of karyotypic difference distinguishing parental species. The findings suggest that although hybrid meiosis of the former cross would necessitate the formation of a chain of seven, a ring of four and one trivalent, the progeny follow Haldane's rule showing F1 male sterility and female fertility. The tragelaphine F1 hybrid, a male, was similarly sterile and, given the 11 trivalents and chain of five anticipated in its meiosis, not unexpectedly so. We discuss these findings within the context of the broader evolutionary significance of hybridization in African antelope, and reflect on what these hold for our views of antelope species and their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Robinson
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - E Schulze
- Free State Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - A Duran-Puig
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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10
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Dufresnes C, Litvinchuk SN, Leuenberger J, Ghali K, Zinenko O, Stöck M, Perrin N. Evolutionary melting pots: a biodiversity hotspot shaped by ring diversifications around the Black Sea in the Eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis). Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4285-300. [PMID: 27220555 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hotspots of intraspecific genetic diversity, which are of primary importance for the conservation of species, have been associated with glacial refugia, that is areas where species survived the Quaternary climatic oscillations. However, the proximate mechanisms generating these hotspots remain an open issue. Hotspots may reflect the long-term persistence of large refugial populations; alternatively, they may result from allopatric differentiation between small and isolated populations, that later admixed. Here, we test these two scenarios in a widely distributed species of tree frog, Hyla orientalis, which inhabits Asia Minor and southeastern Europe. We apply a fine-scale phylogeographic survey, combining fast-evolving mitochondrial and nuclear markers, with a dense sampling throughout the range, as well as ecological niche modelling, to understand what shaped the genetic variation of this species. We documented an important diversity centre around the Black Sea, composed of multiple allopatric and/or parapatric diversifications, likely driven by a combination of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and complex regional topography. Remarkably, this diversification forms a ring around the Black Sea, from the Caucasus through Anatolia and eastern Europe, with terminal forms coming into contact and partially admixing in Crimea. Our results support the view that glacial refugia generate rather than host genetic diversity and can also function as evolutionary melting pots of biodiversity. Moreover, we report a new case of ring diversification, triggered by a large, yet cohesive dispersal barrier, a very rare situation in nature. Finally, we emphasize the Black Sea region as an important centre of intraspecific diversity in the Palearctic with implications for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Julien Leuenberger
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Karim Ghali
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr Zinenko
- The Museum of Nature, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Trinkler st. 8, Kharkiv, 61058, Ukraine
| | - Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, Berlin, D-12587, Germany
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Beckwitt R, Barbagallo J, Breen N, Hettinger J, Liquori A, Sanchez C, Vieira N, Barklow W. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Hippopotamus amphibius from Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1174076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Beckwitt
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Barbagallo
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nickolas Breen
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Hettinger
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angelo Liquori
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cesar Sanchez
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathalia Vieira
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Barklow
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
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