1
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Rakotoarivelo AR, Rambuda T, Taron UH, Stalder G, O'Donoghue P, Robovský J, Hartmann S, Hofreiter M, Moodley Y. Complex patterns of gene flow and convergence in the evolutionary history of the spiral-horned antelopes (Tragelaphini). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 198:108131. [PMID: 38909875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The Tragelaphini, also known as spiral-horned antelope, is a phenotypically diverse mammalian tribe comprising a single genus, Tragelaphus. The evolutionary history of this tribe has attracted the attention of taxonomists and molecular geneticists for decades because its diversity is characterised by conflicts between morphological and molecular data as well as between mitochondrial, nuclear and chromosomal DNA. These inconsistencies point to a complex history of ecological diversification, coupled by either phenotypic convergence or introgression. Therefore, to unravel the phylogenetic relationships among spiral-horned antelopes, and to further investigate the role of divergence and gene flow in trait evolution, we sequenced genomes for all nine accepted species of the genus Tragelaphus, including a genome each for the highly divergent bushbuck lineages (T. s. scriptus and T. s. sylvaticus). We successfully reconstructed the Tragelaphus species tree, providing genome-level support for the early Pliocene divergence and monophyly of the nyala (T. angasii) and lesser kudu (T. imberbis), the monophyly of the two eland species (T. oryx and T. derbianus) and, importantly, the monophyly of kéwel (T. s. scriptus) and imbabala (T. s. sylvaticus) bushbuck. We found strong evidence for gene flow in at least four of eight nodes on the species tree. Among the six phenotypic traits assessed here, only habitat type mapped onto the species tree without homoplasy, showing that trait evolution was the result of complex patterns of divergence, introgression and convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrinajoro R Rakotoarivelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State: QwaQwa Campus, Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, Republic of South Africa
| | - Thabelo Rambuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa; Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ulrike H Taron
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstraße 1, A-1160 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Jan Robovský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefanie Hartmann
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yoshan Moodley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa.
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Bendall EE, Mattingly KM, Moehring AJ, Linnen CR. A Test of Haldane's Rule in Neodiprion Sawflies and Implications for the Evolution of Postzygotic Isolation in Haplodiploids. Am Nat 2023; 202:40-54. [PMID: 37384768 DOI: 10.1086/724820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHaldane's rule-a pattern in which hybrid sterility or inviability is observed in the heterogametic sex of an interspecific cross-is one of the most widely obeyed rules in nature. Because inheritance patterns are similar for sex chromosomes and haplodiploid genomes, Haldane's rule may apply to haplodiploid taxa, predicting that haploid male hybrids will evolve sterility or inviability before diploid female hybrids. However, there are several genetic and evolutionary mechanisms that may reduce the tendency of haplodiploids to obey Haldane's rule. Currently, there are insufficient data from haplodiploids to determine how frequently they adhere to Haldane's rule. To help fill this gap, we crossed a pair of haplodiploid hymenopteran species (Neodiprion lecontei and Neodiprion pinetum) and evaluated the viability and fertility of female and male hybrids. Despite considerable divergence, we found no evidence of reduced fertility in hybrids of either sex, consistent with the hypothesis that hybrid sterility evolves slowly in haplodiploids. For viability, we found a pattern opposite to that of Haldane's rule: hybrid females, but not males, had reduced viability. This reduction was most pronounced in one direction of the cross, possibly due to a cytoplasmic-nuclear incompatibility. We also found evidence of extrinsic postzygotic isolation in hybrids of both sexes, raising the possibility that this form or reproductive isolation tends to emerge early in speciation in host-specialized insects. Our work emphasizes the need for more studies on reproductive isolation in haplodiploids, which are abundant in nature but underrepresented in the speciation literature.
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Michell CT, Wagner N, Mutanen M, Lee KM, Nyman T. Genomic evidence for contrasting patterns of host-associated genetic differentiation across shared host-plant species in leaf- and bud-galling sawflies. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1791-1809. [PMID: 36626108 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Resource specialization and ecological speciation arising through host-associated genetic differentiation (HAD) are frequently invoked as an explanation for the high diversity of plant-feeding insects and other organisms with a parasitic lifestyle. While genetic studies have demonstrated numerous examples of HAD in insect herbivores, the rarity of comparative studies means that we still lack an understanding of how deterministic HAD is, and whether patterns of host shifts can be predicted over evolutionary timescales. We applied genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA sequence data obtained through genome resequencing to define species limits and to compare host-plant use in population samples of leaf- and bud-galling sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae) collected from seven shared willow (Salicaceae: Salix) host species. To infer the repeatability of long-term cophylogenetic patterns, we also contrasted the phylogenies of the two galler groups with each other as well as with the phylogeny of their Salix hosts estimated based on RADseq data. We found clear evidence for host specialization and HAD in both of the focal galler groups, but also that leaf gallers are more specialized to single host species compared with most bud gallers. In contrast to bud gallers, leaf gallers also exhibited statistically significant cophylogenetic signal with their Salix hosts. The observed discordant patterns of resource specialization and host shifts in two related galler groups that have radiated in parallel across a shared resource base indicate a lack of evolutionary repeatability in the focal system, and suggest that short- and long-term host use and ecological diversification in plant-feeding insects are dominated by stochasticity and/or lineage-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Michell
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Natascha Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
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4
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Jaron KS, Hodson CN, Ellers J, Baird SJE, Ross L. Genomic evidence of paternal genome elimination in the globular springtail Allacma fusca. Genetics 2022; 222:6659513. [PMID: 35946560 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal genome elimination (PGE) - a type of reproduction in which males inherit but fail to pass on their father's genome - evolved independently in six to eight arthropod clades. Thousands of species, including several important for agriculture, reproduce via this mode of reproduction. While PGE is well established in some of the clades, the evidence in globular springtails (Symphypleona) remains elusive, even though they represent the oldest and most species rich clade putatively reproducing via PGE. We sequenced genomic DNA from whole bodies of Allacma fusca males with high fractions (>27.5%) of sperm to conclusively confirm that all the sperm carry one parental haplotype only. Although it is suggestive that the single haplotype present in sperm is maternally inherited, definitive genetic proof of the parent of origin is still needed. The genomic approach we developed allows for detection of genotypic differences between germline and soma in all species with sufficiently high fraction of germline in their bodies. This opens new opportunities for scans of reproductive modes in small organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil S Jaron
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Christina N Hodson
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, NL
| | - Stuart J E Baird
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Studenec 122 675 02 Koněšín, CZ
| | - Laura Ross
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
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5
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Kao T, Wang T, Ku C. Rampant nuclear-mitochondrial-plastid phylogenomic discordance in globally distributed calcifying microalgae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1394-1408. [PMID: 35556250 PMCID: PMC9539906 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incongruent phylogenies have been widely observed between nuclear and plastid or mitochondrial genomes in terrestrial plants and animals. However, few studies have examined these patterns in microalgae or the discordance between the two organelles. Here we investigated the nuclear-mitochondrial-plastid phylogenomic incongruence in Emiliania-Gephyrocapsa, a group of cosmopolitan calcifying phytoplankton with enormous populations and recent speciations. We assembled mitochondrial and plastid genomes of 27 strains from across global oceans and temperature regimes, and analyzed the phylogenomic histories of the three compartments using concatenation and coalescence methods. Six major clades with varying morphology and distribution are well recognized in the nuclear phylogeny, but such relationships are absent in the mitochondrial and plastid phylogenies, which also differ substantially from each other. The rampant phylogenomic discordance is due to a combination of organellar capture (introgression), organellar genome recombination, and incomplete lineage sorting of ancient polymorphic organellar genomes. Hybridization can lead to replacements of whole organellar genomes without introgression of nuclear genes and the two organelles are not inherited as a single cytoplasmic unit. This study illustrates the convoluted evolution and inheritance of organellar genomes in isogamous haplodiplontic microalgae and provides a window into the phylogenomic complexity of marine unicellular eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu‐Tong Kao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Tzu‐Haw Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chuan Ku
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
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6
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Bendall EE, Bagley RK, Sousa VC, Linnen CR. Faster-haplodiploid evolution under divergence-with-gene-flow: simulations and empirical data from pine-feeding hymenopterans. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2348-2366. [PMID: 35231148 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although haplodiploidy is widespread in nature, the evolutionary consequences of this mode of reproduction are not well characterized. Here, we examine how genome-wide hemizygosity and a lack of recombination in haploid males affects genomic differentiation in populations that diverge via natural selection while experiencing gene flow. First, we simulated diploid and haplodiploid "genomes" (500-kb loci) evolving under an isolation-with-migration model with mutation, drift, selection, migration, and recombination; and examined differentiation at neutral sites both tightly and loosely linked to a divergently selected site. So long as there is divergent selection and migration, sex-limited hemizygosity and recombination cause elevated differentiation (i.e., produce a "faster-haplodiploid effect") in haplodiploid populations relative to otherwise equivalent diploid populations, for both recessive and codominant mutations. Second, we used genome-wide SNP data to model divergence history and describe patterns of genomic differentiation between sympatric populations of Neodiprion lecontei and N. pinetum, a pair of pine sawfly species (order: Hymenoptera; family: Diprionidae) that are specialized on different pine hosts. These analyses support a history of continuous gene exchange throughout divergence and reveal a pattern of heterogeneous genomic differentiation that is consistent with divergent selection on many unlinked loci. Third, using simulations of haplodiploid and diploid populations evolving according to the estimated divergence history of N. lecontei and N. pinetum, we found that divergent selection would lead to higher differentiation in haplodiploids. Based on these results, we hypothesize that haplodiploids undergo divergence-with-gene-flow and sympatric speciation more readily than diploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bendall
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Robin K Bagley
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA.,Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, OH, 45804, USA
| | - Vitor C Sousa
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Department of Animal Biology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catherine R Linnen
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
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Ottenburghs J. Avian introgression patterns are consistent with Haldane's Rule. J Hered 2022; 113:363-370. [PMID: 35134952 PMCID: PMC9308041 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Haldane’s Rule, the heterogametic sex will show the greatest fitness reduction in a hybrid cross. In birds, where sex is determined by a ZW system, female hybrids are expected to experience lower fitness compared to male hybrids. This pattern has indeed been observed in several bird groups, but it is unknown whether the generality of Haldane’s Rule also extends to the molecular level. First, given the lower fitness of female hybrids, we can expect maternally inherited loci (i.e., mitochondrial and W-linked loci) to show lower introgression rates than biparentally inherited loci (i.e., autosomal loci) in females. Second, the faster evolution of Z-linked loci compared to autosomal loci and the hemizygosity of the Z-chromosome in females might speed up the accumulation of incompatible alleles on this sex chromosome, resulting in lower introgression rates for Z-linked loci than for autosomal loci. I tested these expectations by conducting a literature review which focused on studies that directly quantified introgression rates for autosomal, sex-linked, and mitochondrial loci. Although most studies reported introgression rates in line with Haldane’s Rule, it remains important to validate these genetic patterns with estimates of hybrid fitness and supporting field observations to rule out alternative explanations. Genomic data provide exciting opportunities to obtain a more fine-grained picture of introgression rates across the genome, which can consequently be linked to ecological and behavioral observations, potentially leading to novel insights into the genetic mechanisms underpinning Haldane’s Rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Ottenburghs
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Spatial and temporal patterns of genetic diversity in Bombus terrestris populations of the Iberian Peninsula and their conservation implications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22471. [PMID: 34795335 PMCID: PMC8602315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bumblebee Bombus terrestris is used worldwide for crop pollination. Despite its positive impact on crop yield, it has become a widespread threat to biodiversity due to its interactions with local bumblebee populations. Commercial subspecies introduced to the Iberian Peninsula since the 1990s without any regulation have colonized the environment, with evidence of naturalization and introgression with the endemic subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus. We have used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data to describe the current genetic diversity of the Iberian population and to estimate the expansion of commercial bumblebees. Samples from the natural distribution range of the commercial subspecies, the natural intergradation area between the two subspecies and from a period prior to the use of commercial colonies (i.e., before the 1990s) have been used for comparison. Our results show that the mitochondrial haplotype of the commercial breeds has spread throughout the territory, which, together with subtle changes observed in the nuclear genetic diversity of the populations, indicates that hybridization and consequent introgression are occurring in most of the peninsula. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the existing legislation concerning the management and exportation of commercial bumblebees to conserve locally adapted populations.
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9
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Dool SE, Picker MD, Eberhard MJB. Limited dispersal and local adaptation promote allopatric speciation in a biodiversity hotspot. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:279-295. [PMID: 34643310 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently diverged or diverging populations can offer unobstructed insights into early barriers to gene flow during the initial stages of speciation. The current study utilised a novel insect system (order Mantophasmatodea) to shed light on the early drivers of speciation. The members of this group have limited dispersal abilities, small allopatric distributions and strong habitat associations in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot in South Africa. Sister taxa from the diverse family Austrophasmatidae were chosen as focal species (Karoophasma biedouwense, K. botterkloofense). Population genetics and Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) were used to characterise spatial patterns of genetic variation and evaluate the contribution of environmental factors to population divergence and speciation. Extensive sampling confirmed the suspected allopatry of these taxa. However, hybrids were identified in a narrow region occurring between the species' distributions. Strong population structure was found over short geographic distances; particularly in K. biedouwense in which geographic distance accounted for 32% of genetic variation over a scale of 50 km (r = .56, p < .001). GDM explained 42%-78% of the deviance in observed genetic dissimilarities. Geographic distance was consistently indicated to be important for between species and within population differentiation, suggesting that limited dispersal ability may be an important neutral driver of divergence. Temperature, altitude, precipitation and vegetation were also indicated as important factors, suggesting the possible role of adaptation to local environmental conditions for species divergence. The discovery of the hybrid-zone, and the multiple allopatric species pairs in Austrophasmatidae support the idea that this could be a promising group to further our understanding of speciation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena E Dool
- General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mike D Picker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monika J B Eberhard
- General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Siddiqui JA, Bamisile BS, Khan MM, Islam W, Hafeez M, Bodlah I, Xu Y. Impact of invasive ant species on native fauna across similar habitats under global environmental changes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54362-54382. [PMID: 34405331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biotic invasions can predominantly alter the dynamics, composition, functions, and structure of natural ecosystems. Social insects, particularly ants, are among the most damaging invasive alien species. Invasive ant species are among the supreme threats to ecosystems. There are about 23 species of invasive ants recorded worldwide, according to the ant invasive databases. The ecological impacts of invasive ants comprise predation, hybridization, and competition with native species that changes the ecosystem processes with the biodiversity loss and upsurge of pests. The effects of invasion on native fauna in the same habitats might be catastrophic for the native community through various ecological mechanisms, e.g., habitat disturbance, resource competition, limiting the foraging activity of native species, and various other indirect mechanisms of invasive species. Invasive species may have harmful impacts on habitats and devastating effects on natural flora and fauna, and stopping these new species from being introduced is the most effective way to deter future invasions and maintain biodiversity. This paper reviews the literature to evaluate the effects of invasive ant species on the native species, including vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants sharing the same habitats as the non-native species under global environmental changes. We also highlighted the various management strategies that could be adopted in minimizing the adverse effects of these invasive ant species on the natural ecosystem. To this end, strategies that could regulate the mode and rate of invasion by these alien ant species are the most effective ways to deter future invasions and maintain biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Bodlah
- Insect Biodiversity and Conservation Group, Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Sato Y, Fujiwara S, Egas M, Matsuda T, Gotoh T. Patterns of reproductive isolation in a haplodiploid mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis: prezygotic isolation, hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:177. [PMID: 34551724 PMCID: PMC8459536 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolution of reproductive isolation is an important process, generating biodiversity and driving speciation. To better understand this process, it is necessary to investigate factors underlying reproductive isolation through various approaches but also in various taxa. Previous studies, mainly focusing on diploid animals, supported the prevalent view that reproductive barriers evolve gradually as a by-product of genetic changes accumulated by natural selection by showing a positive relationship between the degree of reproductive isolation and genetic distance. Haplodiploid animals are expected to generate additional insight into speciation, but few studies investigated the prevalent view in haplodiploid animals. In this study, we investigate whether the relationship also holds in a haplodiploid spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher). RESULTS We sampled seven populations of the mite in the Palaearctic region, measured their genetic distance (mtDNA) and carried out cross experiments with all combinations. We analyzed how lack of fertilization rate (as measure of prezygotic isolation) as well as hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility (as measures of postzygotic isolation) varies with genetic distance. We found that the degree of reproductive isolation varies among cross combinations, and that all three measures of reproductive isolation have a positive relationship with genetic distance. Based on the mtDNA marker, lack of fertilization rate, hybrid female inviability and hybrid female sterility were estimated to be nearly complete (99.0-99.9% barrier) at genetic distances of 0.475-0.657, 0.150-0.209 and 0.145-0.210, respectively. Besides, we found asymmetries in reproductive isolation. CONCLUSIONS The prevalent view on the evolution of reproductive barriers is supported in the haplodiploid spider mite we studied here. According to the estimated minimum genetic distance for total reproductive isolation in parent population crosses in this study and previous work, a genetic distance of 0.15-0.21 in mtDNA (COI) appears required for speciation in spider mites. Variations and asymmetries in the degree of reproductive isolation highlight the importance of reinforcement of prezygotic reproductive isolation through incompatibility and the importance of cytonuclear interactions for reproductive isolation in haplodiploid spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Sato
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science/Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Martijn Egas
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomoko Matsuda
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan.,Nihon BioData Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Gotoh
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan. .,Faculty of Economics, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki, 301-8555, Japan.
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12
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Caraballo DA, Montani ME, Martínez LM, Antoniazzi LR, Sambrana TC, Fernández C, Cisterna DM, Beltrán FJ, Colombo VC. Heterogeneous taxonomic resolution of cytochrome b gene identification of bats from Argentina: Implications for field studies. PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244750. [PMID: 33382800 PMCID: PMC7775095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are among the most diverse, widespread, and abundant mammals. In Argentina, 67 species of bats have been recorded, belonging to 5 families and 29 genera. These high levels of biodiversity are likely to complicate identification at fieldwork, especially between closely related species, where external morphology-based approaches are the only immediate means for a priori species assignment. The use of molecular markers can enhance species identification, and acquires particular relevance in capture-release studies. In this study, we discuss the extent of the use of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for species identification, comparing external morphology identification with a molecular phylogenetic classification based on this marker, under the light of current bat systematics. We analyzed 33 samples collected in an eco-epidemiological survey in the province of Santa Fe (Argentina). We further sequenced 27 museum vouchers to test the accuracy of cytochrome b -based phylogenies in taxonomic identification of bats occurring in the Pampean/Chacoan regions of Argentina. The cytochrome b gene was successfully amplified in all Molossid and Vespertilionid species except for Eptesicus, for which we designed a new reverse primer. The resulting Bayesian phylogeny was congruent with current systematics. Cytochrome b proved useful for species-level delimitation in non-conflicting genera (Eumops, Dasypterus, Molossops) and has infrageneric resolution in more complex lineages (Eptesicus, Myotis, Molossus). We discuss four sources of incongruence that may act separately or in combination: 1) molecular processes, 2) biology, 3) limitations in identification, and 4) errors in the current taxonomy. The present study confirms the general applicability of cytochrome b -based phylogenies in eco-epidemiological studies, but its resolution and reliability depend mainly, but not solely, on the level of genetic differentiation within each bat genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Caraballo
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - María E. Montani
- Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Dr. Ángel Gallardo”, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Leila M. Martínez
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro R. Antoniazzi
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades (LEcEn), Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Tomás C. Sambrana
- Departamento de Zoonosis, Laboratorio Central de Referencia, Dirección de Promoción y Prevención, Ministerio de Salud de la provincia de Santa Fe, Ciudad de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Camilo Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades (LEcEn), Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel M. Cisterna
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando J. Beltrán
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria C. Colombo
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades (LEcEn), Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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13
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Kulanek D, Blank SM, Kramp K. First microsatellite markers for the pine catkin sawfly Xyela concava (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) and their application in phylogeography and population genetics. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8010. [PMID: 31741792 PMCID: PMC6858820 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellites are widely used as powerful markers in population genetics because of their ability to access recent genetic variation and to resolve subtle population genetic structures. However, their development, especially for non-model organisms with no available genome-wide sequence data has been difficult and time-consuming. Here, a commercial high-throughput sequencing approach (HTS) was used for the very first identification of microsatellite motifs in the genome of Xyela concava and the design of primer pairs flanking those motifs. Sixteen of those primer pairs were selected and implemented successfully to answer questions on the phylogeography and population genetics of X. concava. The markers were characterized in three geographically distinct populations of X. concava and tested for cross-species amplification in two additional Xyela and one Pleroneura species (Xyelidae). All markers showed substantial polymorphism as well as revealing subtle genetic structures among the three genotyped populations. We also analyzed a fragment of the nuclear gene region of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha (NaK) and a partial mitochondrial gene region coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) to demonstrate different genetic resolutions and sex-biased patterns of these markers, and their potential for combined use in future studies on the phylogeography and population genetics of X. concava. Although a limited number of populations was analyzed, we nevertheless obtained new insights on the latter two topics. The microsatellites revealed a generally high gene flow between the populations, but also suggested a deep historical segregation into two genetic lineages. This deep genetic segregation was confirmed by NaK. While the high gene flow was unexpected, because of assumed restricted dispersal ability of X. concava and the discontinuous distribution of the host trees between the populations, the segregation of two lineages is comprehensible and could be explained by different refuge areas of the hosts during glacial times. The COI results showed a discordant strong genetic structure between all populations, which might be explained by the smaller effective population size of the mitochondrial genome. However, given the frequent evidence of a similar nature in recent studies on sawflies, we also consider and discuss mitochondrial introgression on population level as an alternative explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Kulanek
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
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14
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Prous M, Lee KM, Mutanen M. Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106670. [PMID: 31706020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In several sawfly taxa strong mitonuclear discordance has been observed, with nuclear genes supporting species assignments based on morphology, whereas the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene suggests different relationships. As previous studies were based on only a few nuclear genes, the causes and the degree of mitonuclear discordance remain ambiguous. Here, we obtained genomic-scale ddRAD data together with Sanger sequences of mitochondrial COI and two to three nuclear protein coding genes to investigate species limits and mitonuclear discordance in two closely related species groups of the sawfly genus Empria. As found previously based on nuclear ITS and mitochondrial COI sequences, species are in most cases supported as monophyletic based on new nuclear data reported here, but not based on mitochondrial COI. This mitonuclear discordance can be explained by occasional mitochondrial introgression with little or no nuclear gene flow, a pattern that might be common in haplodiploid taxa with slowly evolving mitochondrial genomes. Some species in the E. immersa group are not recovered as monophyletic according to either mitochondrial or nuclear data, but this could partly be because of unresolved taxonomy. Preliminary analyses of ddRAD data did not recover monophyly of E. japonica within the E. longicornis group (three Sanger sequenced nuclear genes strongly supported monophyly), but closer examination of the data and additional Sanger sequencing suggested that both specimens were substantially (possibly 10-20% of recovered loci) cross-contaminated. A reason could be specimen identification tag jumps during sequencing library preparation that in previous studies have been shown to affect up to 2.5% of the sequenced reads. We provide an R script to examine patterns of identical loci among the specimens and estimate that the cross-contamination rate is not unusually high for our ddRAD dataset as a whole (based on counting of identical sequences in the immersa and longicornis groups, which are well separated from each other and probably do not hybridise). The high rate of cross-contamination for both E. japonica specimens might be explained by the small number of recovered loci (~1000) compared to most other specimens (>10 000 in some cases) because of poor sequencing results. We caution against drawing unexpected biological conclusions when closely related specimens are pooled before sequencing and tagged only at one end of the molecule or at both ends using a unique combination of limited number of tags (less than the number of specimens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Prous
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Straße 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
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15
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Understanding Admixture: Haplodiploidy to the Rescue. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 35:34-42. [PMID: 31703819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization has broad evolutionary consequences, from fueling or counteracting speciation to facilitating adaptation to novel environments. Hybridization and subsequent introgression appear widespread along the tree of life. However, our understanding of how distinct evolutionary forces shape admixed genomes and the fate of introgressed genetic variants remains scarce. Most admixture research in animals has focused on diploid organisms. We propose that haplodiploid organisms can help resolve open questions about the genomic consequences of hybridization in natural populations. The ploidy difference between haploid males and diploid females, the availability of genome-wide male haplotypes, and ongoing cases of admixture make haplodiploid organisms promising models to improve our knowledge with regards to the evolution of hybrid genomes.
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16
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Genome-wide evidence supports mitochondrial relationships and pervasive parallel phenotypic evolution in open-habitat chats. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Cordonnier M, Gayet T, Escarguel G, Kaufmann B. From hybridization to introgression between two closely related sympatric ant species. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cordonnier
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE Université Lyon Lyon France
| | - Thibault Gayet
- UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Lyon France
- Unité Cervidés Sangliers Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage Birieux France
| | - Gilles Escarguel
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE Université Lyon Lyon France
| | - Bernard Kaufmann
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE Université Lyon Lyon France
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18
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Goüy de Bellocq J, Wasimuddin, Ribas A, Bryja J, Piálek J, Baird SJE. Holobiont suture zones: Parasite evidence across the European house mouse hybrid zone. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:5214-5227. [PMID: 30427096 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasite hybrid zones resulting from host secondary contact have never been described in nature although parasite hybridization is well known and secondary contact should affect them similarly to free-living organisms. When host populations are isolated, diverge and recontact, intimate parasites (host specific, direct life cycle) carried during isolation will also meet and so may form parasite hybrid zones. If so, we hypothesize these should be narrower than the host's hybrid zone as shorter parasite generation time allows potentially higher divergence. We investigate multilocus genetics of two parasites across the European house mouse hybrid zone. We find each host taxon harbours its own parasite taxa. These also hybridize: Parasite hybrid zones are significantly narrower than the host's. Here, we show a host hybrid zone is a suture zone for a subset of its parasite community and highlight the potential of such systems as windows on the evolutionary processes of host-parasite interactions and recombinant pathogen emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wasimuddin
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Ribas
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Section of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josef Bryja
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Piálek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stuart J E Baird
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Sato Y, Sakamoto H, Gotoh T, Saito Y, Chao JT, Egas M, Mochizuki A. Patterns of reproductive isolation in a haplodiploid - strong post-mating, prezygotic barriers among three forms of a social spider mite. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:866-881. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Sato
- Sugadaira Research Station; Mountain Science Center; University of Tsukuba; Ueda Nagano Japan
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; NARO; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hironori Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology; Faculty of Agriculture; Ibaraki University; Ami Ibaraki Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives; Waseda University; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuo Gotoh
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology; Faculty of Agriculture; Ibaraki University; Ami Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Jung-Tai Chao
- Division of Forest Protection; Taiwan Forestry Research Institute; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Martijn Egas
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Atsushi Mochizuki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; NARO; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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20
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Ghenu AH, Blanckaert A, Butlin RK, Kulmuni J, Bank C. Conflict between heterozygote advantage and hybrid incompatibility in haplodiploids (and sex chromosomes). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3935-3949. [PMID: 29328538 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In many diploid species, the sex chromosomes play a special role in mediating reproductive isolation. In haplodiploids, where females are diploid and males haploid, the whole genome behaves similarly to the X/Z chromosomes of diploids. Therefore, haplodiploid systems can serve as a model for the role of sex chromosomes in speciation and hybridization. A previously described population of Finnish Formica wood ants displays genome-wide signs of ploidally and sexually antagonistic selection resulting from hybridization. Here, hybrid females have increased survivorship but hybrid males are inviable. To understand how the unusual hybrid population may be maintained, we developed a mathematical model with hybrid incompatibility, female heterozygote advantage, recombination and assortative mating. The rugged fitness landscape resulting from the co-occurrence of heterozygote advantage and hybrid incompatibility results in a sexual conflict in haplodiploids, which is caused by the ploidy difference. Thus, whereas heterozygote advantage always promotes long-term polymorphism in diploids, we find various outcomes in haplodiploids in which the population stabilizes either in favour of males, females or via maximizing the number of introgressed individuals. We discuss these outcomes with respect to the potential long-term fate of the Finnish wood ant population and provide approximations for the extension of the model to multiple incompatibilities. Moreover, we highlight the general implications of our results for speciation and hybridization in haplodiploids versus diploids and how the described fitness relationships could contribute to the outstanding role of sex chromosomes as hotspots of sexual antagonism and genes involved in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonna Kulmuni
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Bank
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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21
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Gibbs J. DNA barcoding a nightmare taxon: assessing barcode index numbers and barcode gaps for sweat bees. Genome 2018; 61:21-31. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing campaign to DNA barcode the world’s >20 000 bee species. Recent revisions of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) for Canada and the eastern United States were completed using integrative taxonomy. DNA barcode data from 110 species of L. (Dialictus) are examined for their value in identification and discovering additional taxonomic diversity. Specimen identification success was estimated using the best close match method. Error rates were 20% relative to current taxonomic understanding. Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) assigned using Refined Single Linkage Analysis (RESL) and barcode gaps using the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) method were also assessed. RESL was incongruent for 44.5% of species, although some cryptic diversity may exist. Forty-three of 110 species were part of merged BINs with multiple species. The barcode gap is non-existent for the data set as a whole and ABGD showed levels of discordance similar to the RESL. The viridatum species-group is particularly problematic, so that DNA barcodes alone would be misleading for species delimitation and specimen identification. Character-based methods using fixed nucleotide substitutions could improve specimen identification success in some cases. The use of DNA barcoding for species discovery for standard taxonomic practice in the absence of a well-defined barcode gap is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gibbs
- University of Manitoba, Department of Entomology, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Entomology, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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22
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Beresford J, Elias M, Pluckrose L, Sundström L, Butlin RK, Pamilo P, Kulmuni J. Widespread hybridization within mound-building wood ants in Southern Finland results in cytonuclear mismatches and potential for sex-specific hybrid breakdown. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4013-4026. [PMID: 28503905 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization and gene flow between diverging lineages are increasingly recognized as common evolutionary processes, and their consequences can vary from hybrid breakdown to adaptive introgression. We have previously found a population of wood ant hybrids between Formica aquilonia and F. polyctena that shows antagonistic effects of hybridization: females with introgressed alleles show hybrid vigour, whereas males with the same alleles show hybrid breakdown. Here, we investigate whether hybridization is a general phenomenon in this species pair and analyse 647 worker samples from 16 localities in Finland using microsatellite markers and a 1200-bp mitochondrial sequence. Our results show that 27 sampled nests contained parental-like gene pools (six putative F. polyctena and 21 putative F. aquilonia) and all remaining nests (69), from nine localities, contained hybrids of varying degrees. Patterns of genetic variation suggest these hybrids arise from several hybridization events or, instead, have backcrossed to the parental gene pools to varying extents. In contrast to expectations, the mitochondrial haplotypes of the parental species were not randomly distributed among the hybrids. Instead, nests that were closer to parental-like F. aquilonia for nuclear markers preferentially had F. polyctena's mitochondria and vice versa. This systematic pattern suggests there may be underlying selection favouring cytonuclear mismatch and hybridization. We also found a new hybrid locality with strong genetic differences between the sexes similar to those predicted under antagonistic selection on male and female hybrids. Further studies are needed to determine the selective forces that act on male and female genomes in these newly discovered hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beresford
- Department of Biosciences, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) - UMR 7205 - CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - L Pluckrose
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Sundström
- Department of Biosciences, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - R K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Pamilo
- Department of Biosciences, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kulmuni
- Department of Biosciences, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland.,Department of Biology and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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23
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Song JH, Ahn KJ. Species trees, temporal divergence and historical biogeography of coastal rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) reveal their early Miocene origin and show that most divergence events occurred in the early Pliocene along the Pacific coasts. Cladistics 2017; 34:313-332. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Song
- Department of Biology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 South Korea
| | - Kee-Jeong Ahn
- Department of Biology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 South Korea
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24
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Sloan DB, Havird JC, Sharbrough J. The on-again, off-again relationship between mitochondrial genomes and species boundaries. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2212-2236. [PMID: 27997046 PMCID: PMC6534505 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study of reproductive isolation and species barriers frequently focuses on mitochondrial genomes and has produced two alternative and almost diametrically opposed narratives. On one hand, mtDNA may be at the forefront of speciation events, with co-evolved mitonuclear interactions responsible for some of the earliest genetic incompatibilities arising among isolated populations. On the other hand, there are numerous cases of introgression of mtDNA across species boundaries even when nuclear gene flow is restricted. We argue that these seemingly contradictory patterns can result from a single underlying cause. Specifically, the accumulation of deleterious mutations in mtDNA creates a problem with two alternative evolutionary solutions. In some cases, compensatory or epistatic changes in the nuclear genome may ameliorate the effects of mitochondrial mutations, thereby establishing coadapted mitonuclear genotypes within populations and forming the basis of reproductive incompatibilities between populations. Alternatively, populations with high mitochondrial mutation loads may be rescued by replacement with a more fit, foreign mitochondrial haplotype. Coupled with many nonadaptive mechanisms of introgression that can preferentially affect cytoplasmic genomes, this form of adaptive introgression may contribute to the widespread discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genealogies. Here, we review recent advances related to mitochondrial introgression and mitonuclear incompatibilities, including the potential for cointrogression of mtDNA and interacting nuclear genes. We also address an emerging controversy over the classic assumption that selection on mitochondrial genomes is inefficient and discuss the mechanisms that lead lineages down alternative evolutionary paths in response to mitochondrial mutation accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Justin C Havird
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Joel Sharbrough
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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25
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Blackmon H, Ross L, Bachtrog D. Sex Determination, Sex Chromosomes, and Karyotype Evolution in Insects. J Hered 2017; 108:78-93. [PMID: 27543823 PMCID: PMC6281344 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects harbor a tremendous diversity of sex determining mechanisms both within and between groups. For example, in some orders such as Hymenoptera, all members are haplodiploid, whereas Diptera contain species with homomorphic as well as male and female heterogametic sex chromosome systems or paternal genome elimination. We have established a large database on karyotypes and sex chromosomes in insects, containing information on over 13000 species covering 29 orders of insects. This database constitutes a unique starting point to report phylogenetic patterns on the distribution of sex determination mechanisms, sex chromosomes, and karyotypes among insects and allows us to test general theories on the evolutionary dynamics of karyotypes, sex chromosomes, and sex determination systems in a comparative framework. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that male heterogamety is the ancestral mode of sex determination in insects, and transitions to female heterogamety are extremely rare. Many insect orders harbor species with complex sex chromosomes, and gains and losses of the sex-limited chromosome are frequent in some groups. Haplodiploidy originated several times within insects, and parthenogenesis is rare but evolves frequently. Providing a single source to electronically access data previously distributed among more than 500 articles and books will not only accelerate analyses of the assembled data, but also provide a unique resource to guide research on which taxa are likely to be informative to address specific questions, for example, for genome sequencing projects or large-scale comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath Blackmon
- From the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (Blackmon); Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Ross); Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (Bachtrog)
| | - Laura Ross
- From the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (Blackmon); Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Ross); Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (Bachtrog)
| | - Doris Bachtrog
- From the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (Blackmon); Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Ross); Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (Bachtrog).
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26
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Schmidt S, Taeger A, Morinière J, Liston A, Blank SM, Kramp K, Kraus M, Schmidt O, Heibo E, Prous M, Nyman T, Malm T, Stahlhut J. Identification of sawflies and horntails (Hymenoptera, 'Symphyta') through DNA barcodes: successes and caveats. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:670-685. [PMID: 27768250 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 'Symphyta' is a paraphyletic assemblage at the base of the order Hymenoptera, comprising 14 families and about 8750 species. All have phytophagous larvae, except for the Orussidae, which are parasitoids. This study presents and evaluates the results of DNA barcoding of approximately 5360 specimens of 'Symphyta', mainly adults, and 4362 sequences covering 1037 species were deemed of suitable quality for inclusion in the analysis. All extant families are represented, except for the Anaxyelidae. The majority of species and specimens are from Europe, but approximately 38% of the species and 13% of the specimens are of non-European origin. The utility of barcoding for species identification and taxonomy of 'Symphyta' is discussed on the basis of examples from each of the included families. A significant level of cryptic species diversity was apparent in many groups. Other attractive applications include the identification of immature stages without the need to rear them, community analyses based on metabarcoding of bulk samples and association of the sexes of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Taeger
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jérôme Morinière
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Liston
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan M Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Kraus
- Manfred Kraus, Fallrohrstr. 27, 90480, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Olga Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Heibo
- Erik Heibo, Rypeveien 34 A, 3420, Lierskogen, Norway
| | - Marko Prous
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Tobias Malm
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Stahlhut
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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27
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Le Gros A, Clergeau P, Zuccon D, Cornette R, Mathys B, Samadi S. Invasion history and demographic processes associated with rapid morphological changes in the Red-whiskered bulbul established on tropical islands. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5359-5376. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Le Gros
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Diderot; 5 Rue Thomas Mann 75013 Paris France
- MNHN; CNRS; UPMC; CP51; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR7204); Sorbonne Universités; 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
- MNHN; CNRS; UPMC; CP26; Institut de Systématique; Evolution; Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205); Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris France
| | - Philippe Clergeau
- MNHN; CNRS; UPMC; CP51; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR7204); Sorbonne Universités; 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - Dario Zuccon
- MNHN; CNRS; UPMC; CP26; Institut de Systématique; Evolution; Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205); Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- MNHN; CNRS; UPMC; CP26; Institut de Systématique; Evolution; Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205); Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris France
| | - Blake Mathys
- Division of Mathematics; Computer and Natural Sciences; Ohio Dominican University; Columbus OH 43219 USA
| | - Sarah Samadi
- MNHN; CNRS; UPMC; CP26; Institut de Systématique; Evolution; Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205); Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris France
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28
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Gante HF, Matschiner M, Malmstrøm M, Jakobsen KS, Jentoft S, Salzburger W. Genomics of speciation and introgression in Princess cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:6143-6161. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F. Gante
- Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Michael Matschiner
- Department of Biosciences CEES (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis) University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Martin Malmstrøm
- Department of Biosciences CEES (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis) University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Kjetill S. Jakobsen
- Department of Biosciences CEES (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis) University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Sissel Jentoft
- Department of Biosciences CEES (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis) University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences University of Agder 4604 Kristiansand Norway
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences CEES (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis) University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
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29
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Mutanen M, Kivelä SM, Vos RA, Doorenweerd C, Ratnasingham S, Hausmann A, Huemer P, Dincă V, van Nieukerken EJ, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Vila R, Aarvik L, Decaëns T, Efetov KA, Hebert PDN, Johnsen A, Karsholt O, Pentinsaari M, Rougerie R, Segerer A, Tarmann G, Zahiri R, Godfray HCJ. Species-Level Para- and Polyphyly in DNA Barcode Gene Trees: Strong Operational Bias in European Lepidoptera. Syst Biol 2016; 65:1024-1040. [PMID: 27288478 PMCID: PMC5066064 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of DNA data is revolutionizing all fields of systematic research. DNA barcode sequences, now available for millions of specimens and several hundred thousand species, are increasingly used in algorithmic species delimitations. This is complicated by occasional incongruences between species and gene genealogies, as indicated by situations where conspecific individuals do not form a monophyletic cluster in a gene tree. In two previous reviews, non-monophyly has been reported as being common in mitochondrial DNA gene trees. We developed a novel web service “Monophylizer” to detect non-monophyly in phylogenetic trees and used it to ascertain the incidence of species non-monophyly in COI (a.k.a. cox1) barcode sequence data from 4977 species and 41,583 specimens of European Lepidoptera, the largest data set of DNA barcodes analyzed from this regard. Particular attention was paid to accurate species identification to ensure data integrity. We investigated the effects of tree-building method, sampling effort, and other methodological issues, all of which can influence estimates of non-monophyly. We found a 12% incidence of non-monophyly, a value significantly lower than that observed in previous studies. Neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods yielded almost equal numbers of non-monophyletic species, but 24.1% of these cases of non-monophyly were only found by one of these methods. Non-monophyletic species tend to show either low genetic distances to their nearest neighbors or exceptionally high levels of intraspecific variability. Cases of polyphyly in COI trees arising as a result of deep intraspecific divergence are negligible, as the detected cases reflected misidentifications or methodological errors. Taking into consideration variation in sampling effort, we estimate that the true incidence of non-monophyly is ∼23%, but with operational factors still being included. Within the operational factors, we separately assessed the frequency of taxonomic limitations (presence of overlooked cryptic and oversplit species) and identification uncertainties. We observed that operational factors are potentially present in more than half (58.6%) of the detected cases of non-monophyly. Furthermore, we observed that in about 20% of non-monophyletic species and entangled species, the lineages involved are either allopatric or parapatric—conditions where species delimitation is inherently subjective and particularly dependent on the species concept that has been adopted. These observations suggest that species-level non-monophyly in COI gene trees is less common than previously supposed, with many cases reflecting misidentifications, the subjectivity of species delimitation or other operational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mutanen
- Department of Genetics and Physiology, University of Oulu, Finland;
| | | | - Rutger A Vos
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sujeevan Ratnasingham
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Axel Hausmann
- SNSB - Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Huemer
- Tiroler Landesmuseen-Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H., Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Canada.,Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde
- INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, 45075 Orléans, France.,Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leif Aarvik
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Thibaud Decaëns
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS / University of Montpellier / University of Montpellier 3 / EPHE / SupAgro Montpellier / INRA / IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Ole Karsholt
- Zoologisk Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Rodolphe Rougerie
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205 MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Segerer
- SNSB - Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Tarmann
- Tiroler Landesmuseen-Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H., Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reza Zahiri
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Canada.,Ottawa Plant Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canada
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30
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Rieseberg L, Geraldes A. Editorial 2016. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:433-49. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Lohse K, Ross L. What haplodiploids can teach us about hybridization and speciation. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5075-7. [PMID: 26477297 PMCID: PMC4620704 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most evolutionary theory focuses on species that reproduce through sexual reproduction where both sexes have a diploid chromosome count. Yet a substantial proportion of multicellular species display complex life cycles, with both haploid and diploid life stages. A classic example is haplodiploidy, where females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid, while males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid. Although haplodiploids make up about 15% of all animals (de la Filia et al. ), this type of reproduction is rarely considered in evolutionary theory. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Patten et al. () develop a theoretical model to compare the rate of nuclear and mitochondrial introgression in haplodiploid and diploid species. They show that when two haplodiploid species hybridize, nuclear genes are much less likely to cross the species barrier than if both species were to be diploids. The reason for this is that only half of the offspring resulting from matings between haplodiploid species are true hybrids: sons from such mating only inherit their mother genes and therefore only contain genes of the maternal species. Truly, hybrid males can only occur through backcrossing of a hybrid female to a male of one of the parental species. While this twist of haplodiploid transmission genetics limits nuclear introgression, mitochondrial genes, which are maternally inherited, are unaffected by the scarcity of hybrid males. In other words, the rate of mitochondrial introgression is the same for haplodiploid and diploid species. As a result, haplodiploid species on average show a bias of mitochondrial compared to nuclear introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Lohse
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Laura Ross
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
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