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Zettlemoyer MA, Munck S, Poschlod P, Rosbakh S. Subtle changes in plant diversity in the Bavarian Alps over the past eight decades. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70035. [PMID: 39224160 PMCID: PMC11366975 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Historical resurveys represent a unique opportunity to analyze vegetation dynamics over longer timescales than is typically achievable. Leveraging the oldest historical dataset of vegetation change in the Bavarian Alps, Germany, we address how environmental conditions, vegetation composition, and functional diversity in the calcareous grasslands of the Schachen region have changed across different elevational ranges over an 83-year timeframe. We document changes in regional average temperature and precipitation. We use indicator values (IV) for species' ecological preferences and their palatability to grazers to infer local conditions (temperature, soil moisture/fertility, and grazing regime). We further estimate changes in temporal beta-diversity and functional trait community composition between historical (1936) and contemporary (2019) surveys in two elevational (subalpine and alpine) belts. Both subalpine and alpine sites became drier; subalpine sites also became warmer with more palatable plants. Species occurrence and abundance in the Schachen region has not changed substantially over time despite changing macroclimate and local environmental conditions under anthropogenic change. Yet these grasslands have experienced several "invisible" changes in functional composition over the past 80 years. As the Schachen has become drier, species with traits related to drought tolerance and animal-based dispersal have increased in dominance. Specifically, in alpine sites, community-weighted means revealed that with low fecundity, higher potential for endo- and epizoochory (seed dispersal via animal gut and fur, respectively), higher foliar frost tolerance, and deeper dormancy increased in dominance. Similar trends were found for increasing dominance of low fecundity, epizoochorous species in subalpine sites. Vegetation data from resurveying historical plots in combination with changes in local conditions, classic biodiversity indices, and functional trait indices can provide more holistic insights into changes in the environment and potential impacts of those environmental changes on long-term plant community and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svenja Munck
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyUniversitat RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyUniversitat RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Sergey Rosbakh
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyUniversitat RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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2
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Integrating Earth–life systems: a geogenomic approach. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:371-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Piccioli Cappelli M, Blakey RV, Taylor D, Flanders J, Badeen T, Butts S, Frick WF, Rebelo H. Limited refugia and high velocity range-shifts predicted for bat communities in drought-risk areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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4
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Novella‐Fernandez R, Ibañez C, Juste J, Clare EL, Doncaster CP, Razgour O. Trophic resource partitioning drives fine-scale coexistence in cryptic bat species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14122-14136. [PMID: 33391705 PMCID: PMC7771180 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that enable species coexistence has important implications for assessing how ecological systems will respond to global change. Morphology and functional similarity increase the potential for competition, and therefore, co-occurring morphologically similar but genetically unique species are a good model system for testing coexistence mechanisms. We used DNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing to characterize for the first time the trophic ecology of two recently described cryptic bat species with parapatric ranges, Myotis escalerai and Myotis crypticus. We collected fecal samples from allopatric and sympatric regions and from syntopic and allotopic locations within the sympatric region to describe the diets both taxonomically and functionally and compare prey consumption with prey availability. The two bat species had highly similar diets characterized by high arthropod diversity, particularly Lepidoptera, Diptera and Araneae, and a high proportion of prey that is not volant at night, which points to extensive use of gleaning. Diet overlap at the prey item level was lower in syntopic populations, supporting trophic shift under fine-scale co-occurrence. Furthermore, the diet of M. escalerai had a marginally lower proportion of not nocturnally volant prey in syntopic populations, suggesting that the shift in diet may be driven by a change in foraging mode. Our findings suggest that fine-scale coexistence mechanisms can have implications for maintaining broad-scale diversity patterns. This study highlights the importance of including both allopatric and sympatric populations and choosing meaningful spatial scales for detecting ecological patterns. We conclude that a combination of high taxonomic resolution with a functional approach helps identify patterns of niche shift.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC)SevillaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Elizabeth L. Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Orly Razgour
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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5
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Rebelo H, Ferreira S, Amorim F, Horta P, Raposeira H, Santos H, Beja P, Mata VA. Hidden in our pockets: building of a DNA barcode library unveils the first record of Myotis alcathoe for Portugal. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e54479. [PMID: 32821211 PMCID: PMC7403162 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e54479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The advent and boom of DNA barcoding technologies have provided a powerful tool for the fields of ecology and systematics. Here, we present the InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Bats (Chiroptera) dataset containing DNA sequences of 63 specimens representing the 25 bat species currently known for continental Portugal. For that, we sequenced tissues samples obtained in a vast array of projects spanning the last two decades. New information We added four new Barcoding Index Numbers (BINs) to existing Chiroptera barcodes on BOLD, two belonging to Myotisescalerai, one to Plecotusauritus and the other to Rhinolophushipposideros. Surprisingly, one of the samples initially identified in the field as Myotismystacinus turned out to be Myotisalcathoe, which represents the first record of this species for Portugal. The presence of Nyctalusnoctula in Portugal was also genetically confirmed for the first time. This case study shows the power and value of DNA barcoding initiatives to unravel new data that may be hidden on biological collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal.,CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Francisco Amorim
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Pedro Horta
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal.,CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Helena Raposeira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal.,CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Helena Santos
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal.,CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Lisboa Portugal
| | - Vanessa A Mata
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
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Centeno‐Cuadros A, Razgour O, García‐Mudarra JL, Mingo‐Casas P, Sandonís V, Redondo A, Ibáñez C, Paz O, Martinez‐Alós S, Pérez Suarez G, Echevarría JE, Juste J. Comparative phylogeography and asymmetric hybridization between cryptic bat species. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Orly Razgour
- Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | | | | | | | - Adrián Redondo
- Departmento de Ecología Evolutiva Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Departmento de Ecología Evolutiva Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Oscar Paz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Martinez‐Alós
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pérez Suarez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - Juan E. Echevarría
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III Majadahonda, Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Juste
- Departmento de Ecología Evolutiva Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Sevilla Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP Madrid Spain
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7
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Considering adaptive genetic variation in climate change vulnerability assessment reduces species range loss projections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10418-10423. [PMID: 31061126 PMCID: PMC6535011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820663116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forecasts of species vulnerability and extinction risk under future climate change commonly ignore local adaptations despite their importance for determining the potential of populations to respond to future changes. We present an approach to assess the impacts of global climate change on biodiversity that takes into account adaptive genetic variation and evolutionary potential. We show that considering local climatic adaptations reduces range loss projections but increases the potential for competition between species. Our findings suggest that failure to account for within-species variability can result in overestimation of future biodiversity losses. Therefore, it is important to identify the climate-adaptive potential of populations and to increase landscape connectivity between populations to enable the spread of adaptive genetic variation. Local adaptations can determine the potential of populations to respond to environmental changes, yet adaptive genetic variation is commonly ignored in models forecasting species vulnerability and biogeographical shifts under future climate change. Here we integrate genomic and ecological modeling approaches to identify genetic adaptations associated with climate in two cryptic forest bats. We then incorporate this information directly into forecasts of range changes under future climate change and assessment of population persistence through the spread of climate-adaptive genetic variation (evolutionary rescue potential). Considering climate-adaptive potential reduced range loss projections, suggesting that failure to account for intraspecific variability can result in overestimation of future losses. On the other hand, range overlap between species was projected to increase, indicating that interspecific competition is likely to play an important role in limiting species’ future ranges. We show that although evolutionary rescue is possible, it depends on a population’s adaptive capacity and connectivity. Hence, we stress the importance of incorporating genomic data and landscape connectivity in climate change vulnerability assessments and conservation management.
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Juste J, Ruedi M, Puechmaille SJ, Salicini I, Ibáñez C. Two New Cryptic Bat Species within the Myotis nattereri Species Complex (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) from the Western Palaearctic. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruedi
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, P.O. Box, 6334, 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland
| | | | - Irene Salicini
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Cold-blooded in the Ice Age: “refugia within refugia”, inter-and intraspecific biogeographic diversification of European whipsnakes (Squamata, Colubridae, Hierophis ). ZOOLOGY 2018; 127:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Querejeta M, Fernández-González A, Romero R, Castresana J. Postglacial dispersal patterns and mitochondrial genetic structure of the Pyrenean desman ( Galemys pyrenaicus) in the northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula. Ecol Evol 2017. [PMID: 28649358 PMCID: PMC5478051 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic structure of small semiaquatic animals may be influenced by dispersal across both rivers and land. The relative importance of these two modes of dispersal may vary across different species and with ecological conditions and evolutionary periods. The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is an endemic mammal of the Iberian Peninsula with a strong phylogeographic structure and semiaquatic habits, thus making it an ideal model to study the effects of river and overland dispersal on its genetic structure. Thanks to different types of noninvasive samples, we obtained an extensive sampling of the Pyrenean desman from the northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula and sequenced two mitochondrial DNA fragments. We then analyzed, using an isolation‐by‐distance approach, the correlation between phylogenetic distances and geographical distances measured along both river networks and land to infer the relative importance of river and overland dispersal. We found that the correlations in the whole area and in a large basin were consistent with an effect of overland dispersal, which may be due to the postglacial colonization of new territories using terrestrial corridors and, possibly, a more extensive fluvial network that may have been present during the Holocene. However, in a small basin, likely to be less influenced by the impact of ancient postglacial dispersal, the correlations suggested significant overall effects of both overland and river dispersal, as expected for a semiaquatic mammal. Therefore, different scales and geographical regions reflect different aspects of the evolutionary history and ecology of this semiaquatic species using this isolation‐by‐distance method. The results we obtained may have crucial implications for the conservation of the Pyrenean desman because they reinforce the importance of interbasin dispersal for this species in the studied area and the need to protect the whole riverine ecosystem, including rivers, upland streams and terrestrial corridors between basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Querejeta
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Rafael Romero
- Calle Presidente Salvador Allende 13 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jose Castresana
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
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11
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Chaverri G, Garin I, Alberdi A, Jimenez L, Castillo-Salazar C, Aihartza J. Unveiling the Hidden Bat Diversity of a Neotropical Montane Forest. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162712. [PMID: 27706168 PMCID: PMC5051729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountain environments, characterized by high levels of endemism, are at risk of experiencing significant biodiversity loss due to current trends in global warming. While many acknowledge their importance and vulnerability, these ecosystems still remain poorly studied, particularly for taxa that are difficult to sample such as bats. Aiming to estimate the amount of cryptic diversity among bats of a Neotropical montane cloud forest in Talamanca Range-south-east Central America-, we performed a 15-night sampling campaign, which resulted in 90 captured bats belonging to 8 species. We sequenced their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and screened their inter- and intraspecific genetic variation. Phylogenetic relations with conspecifics and closely related species from other geographic regions were established using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, as well as median-joining haplotype networks. Mitochondrial lineages highly divergent from hitherto characterized populations (> 9% COI dissimilarity) were found in Myotis oxyotus and Hylonycteris underwoodi. Sturnira burtonlimi and M. keaysi also showed distinct mitochondrial structure with sibling species and/or populations. These results suggest that mountains in the region hold a high degree of endemicity potential that has previously been ignored in bats. They also warn of the high extinction risk montane bats may be facing due to climatic change, particularly in isolated mountain systems like Talamanca Range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inazio Garin
- Dpt. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of The Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, The Basque Country
| | - Antton Alberdi
- Dpt. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of The Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, The Basque Country
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lide Jimenez
- Dpt. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of The Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, The Basque Country
| | | | - Joxerra Aihartza
- Dpt. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of The Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, The Basque Country
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