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Ruiz-Montoya L, Vallejo RV, Haymer D, Liedo P. Genetic and Ecological Relationships of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in Southern Mexico. INSECTS 2020; 11:E815. [PMID: 33227892 PMCID: PMC7699260 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the influence of evolutionary factors that promote either the differentiation or cohesion of pest insect populations is critical for the improvement of control strategies. Here, we explore the extent to which genetic differentiation occurs between populations of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, in association with four plant hosts (Citrus sinensis, C. paradisi, Mangifera indica and Casimiroa edulis) in the Soconusco region of Chiapas (Mexico). Using variants from six enzymatic loci, we obtained measures of genetic diversity for three sample arrangements: (1) by sex per locality, (2) by locality and (3) by host. The extent of genetic differentiation in populations was assessed using the Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) method for each array of samples, and moderate to high levels of genetic variation were observed between the sexes, as well as among localities and host plants. A Bayesian approach was then used to assess any population structure underlying the genetic data we obtained, but this analysis showed no significant structuring due to locality or host plant. We also considered whether the observed genotypic frequencies in male and females matched those expected under a hypothesis of random mating. Here we found significant deviations from expected genotypic frequencies, suggesting that sexual selection is acting on these populations. Overall, our results indicate that sexual selection, along with the presence of some heterogeneity in environments provided by both geographical factors and availability of host plants, has influenced the evolution of pest populations in this region of Mexico. Implications for area-wide pest management strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz-Montoya
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo Verónica Vallejo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico;
| | - David Haymer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 1960 East-West Rd, Biomed T511, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Pablo Liedo
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio e la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico;
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Borthwick R, de Flamingh A, Hesselbarth MHK, Parandhaman A, Wagner HH, Abdel Moniem HEM. Alternative Quantifications of Landscape Complementation to Model Gene Flow in Banded Longhorn Beetles [ Typocerus v. velutinus (Olivier)]. Front Genet 2020; 11:307. [PMID: 32296465 PMCID: PMC7136975 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid progression of human socio-economic activities has altered the structure and function of natural landscapes. Species that rely on multiple, complementary habitat types (i.e., landscape complementation) to complete their life cycle may be especially at risk. However, such landscape complementation has received little attention in the context of landscape connectivity modeling. A previous study on flower longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) integrated landscape complementation into a continuous habitat suitability 'surface', which was then used to quantify landscape connectivity between pairs of sampling sites using gradient-surface metrics. This connectivity model was validated with molecular genetic data collected for the banded longhorn beetle (Typocerus v. velutinus) in Indiana, United States. However, this approach has not been compared to alternative models in a landscape genetics context. Here, we used a discrete land use/land cover map to calculate landscape metrics related to landscape complementation based on a patch mosaic model (PMM) as an alternative to the previously published, continuous habitat suitability model (HSM). We evaluated the HSM surface with gradient surface metrics (GSM) and with two resistance-based models (RBM) based on least cost path (LCP) and commute distance (CD), in addition to an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model based on Euclidean distance. We compared the ability of these competing models of connectivity to explain pairwise genetic distances (R ST) previously calculated from ten microsatellite genotypes of 454 beetles collected from 17 sites across Indiana, United States. Model selection with maximum likelihood population effects (MLPE) models found that GSM were most effective at explaining pairwise genetic distances as a proxy for gene flow across the landscape, followed by the landscape metrics calculated from the PMM, whereas the LCP model performed worse than both the CD and the isolation by distance model. We argue that the analysis of a continuous HSM with GSM might perform better because of their combined ability to effectively represent and quantify the continuous degree of landscape complementation (i.e., availability of complementary habitats in vicinity) found at and in-between sites, on which these beetles depend. Our findings may inform future studies that seek to model habitat connectivity in complex heterogeneous landscapes as natural habitats continue to become more fragmented in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Borthwick
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, United States
| | - Alida de Flamingh
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Anjana Parandhaman
- Department of Geography, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Helene H. Wagner
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Hossam E. M. Abdel Moniem
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Zoology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Frazier AE, Kedron P. Comparing forest fragmentation in Eastern U.S. forests using patch-mosaic and gradient surface models. ECOL INFORM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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