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Tovar-Bohórquez O, McKenzie D, Crestel D, Vandeputte M, Geffroy B. Thermal modulation of energy allocation during sex determination in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Gene 2024; 927:148721. [PMID: 38925525 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Water temperature governs physiological functions such as growth, energy allocation, and sex determination in ectothermic species. The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a major species in European aquaculture, exhibiting early dimorphic growth favoring females. The species has a polygenic sex determination system that interacts with water temperature to determine an individual's sex, with two periods during development that are sensitive to temperature. The current study investigated the influence of water temperature on energy allocation and sex-biased genes during sex determination and differentiation periods. RNA-Sequencing and qPCR analyses were conducted in two separate experiments, of either constant water temperatures typical of aquaculture conditions or natural seasonal thermal regimes, respectively. We focused on eight key genes associated with energy allocation, growth regulation, and sex determination and differentiation. In Experiment 1, cold and warm temperature treatments favored female and male proportions, respectively. The RNA-seq analysis highlighted sex-dependent energy allocation transcripts, with higher levels of nucb1 and pomc1 in future females, and increased levels of egfra and spry1 in future males. In Experiment 2, a warm thermal regime favored females, while a cold regime favored males. qPCR analysis in Experiment 2 revealed that ghrelin and nucb1 were down-regulated by warm temperatures. A significant sex-temperature interaction was observed for pank1a with higher and lower expression for males in the cold and warm regimes respectively, compared to females. Notably, spry1 displayed increased expression in future males at the all-fins stage and in males undergoing molecular sex differentiation in both experimental conditions, indicating that it provides a novel, robust, and consistent marker for masculinization. Overall, our findings emphasize the complex interplay of genes involved in feeding, energy allocation, growth, and sex determination in response to temperature variations in the European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David McKenzie
- MARBEC, Ifremer, IRD, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Damien Crestel
- MARBEC, Ifremer, IRD, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC, Ifremer, IRD, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Palavas-Les-Flots, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC, Ifremer, IRD, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Palavas-Les-Flots, France.
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2
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Kitano J, Ansai S, Takehana Y, Yamamoto Y. Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:233-259. [PMID: 37863090 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of sex-determining systems. Here, we compile recent studies on the diversity of sex-determination mechanisms in fish. We demonstrate that genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway are frequently used for master sex-determining (MSD) genes. MSD genes arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition and allelic mutations, with a few exceptions. We also demonstrate that temperature influences sex determination in many fish species, even those with sex chromosomes, with higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males in most cases. Finally, we review theoretical models for the turnover of sex-determining mechanisms and discuss what questions remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan;
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3
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Yu Y, Chen M, Shen ZG. Molecular biological, physiological, cytological, and epigenetic mechanisms of environmental sex differentiation in teleosts: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115654. [PMID: 37918334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have been exerting widespread stress and environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental stress, including temperature rise, acidification, hypoxia, light pollution, and crowding, had a considerable negative impact on the life histology of aquatic animals, especially on sex differentiation (SDi) and the resulting sex ratios. Understanding how the sex of fish responds to stressful environments is of great importance for understanding the origin and maintenance of sex, the dynamics of the natural population in the changing world, and the precise application of sex control in aquaculture. This review conducted an exhaustive search of the available literature on the influence of environmental stress (ES) on SDi. Evidence has shown that all types of ES can affect SDi and universally result in an increase in males or masculinization, which has been reported in 100 fish species and 121 cases. Then, this comprehensive review aimed to summarize the molecular biology, physiology, cytology, and epigenetic mechanisms through which ES contributes to male development or masculinization. The relationship between ES and fish SDi from multiple aspects was analyzed, and it was found that environmental sex differentiation (ESDi) is the result of the combined effects of genetic and epigenetic factors, self-physiological regulation, and response to environmental signals, which involves a sophisticated network of various hormones and numerous genes at multiple levels and multiple gradations in bipotential gonads. In both normal male differentiation and ES-induced masculinization, the stress pathway and epigenetic regulation play important roles; however, how they co-regulate SDi is unclear. Evidence suggests that the universal emergence or increase in males in aquatic animals is an adaptation to moderate ES. ES-induced sex reversal should be fully investigated in more fish species and extensively in the wild. The potential aquaculture applications and difficulties associated with ESDi have also been addressed. Finally, the knowledge gaps in the ESDi are presented, which will guide the priorities of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
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4
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Schenkel MA, Billeter JC, Beukeboom LW, Pen I. Divergent evolution of genetic sex determination mechanisms along environmental gradients. Evol Lett 2023; 7:132-147. [PMID: 37251583 PMCID: PMC10210438 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex determination (SD) is a crucial developmental process, but its molecular underpinnings are very diverse, both between and within species. SD mechanisms have traditionally been categorized as either genetic (GSD) or environmental (ESD), depending on the type of cue that triggers sexual differentiation. However, mixed systems, with both genetic and environmental components, are more prevalent than previously thought. Here, we show theoretically that environmental effects on expression levels of genes within SD regulatory mechanisms can easily trigger within-species evolutionary divergence of SD mechanisms. This may lead to the stable coexistence of multiple SD mechanisms and to spatial variation in the occurrence of different SD mechanisms along environmental gradients. We applied the model to the SD system of the housefly, a global species with world-wide latitudinal clines in the frequencies of different SD systems, and found that it correctly predicted these clines if specific genes in the housefly SD system were assumed to have temperature-dependent expression levels. We conclude that environmental sensitivity of gene regulatory networks may play an important role in diversification of SD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn A Schenkel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Billeter
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo W Beukeboom
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido Pen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Del Fresno PS, Garcia de Souza JR, Colautti DC, Yamamoto Y, Yokota M, Strüssmann CA, Miranda LA. Sex reversal of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination, in a seminatural environment. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:75-82. [PMID: 36217918 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the changes in sex ratios and sex reversal rates in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis that occur with the progression of the spawning season in a seminatural setting. Four groups of hatchery-produced pejerrey larvae were stocked in floating cages in La Salada de Monasterio lake (Pampas region), a natural habitat of this species, and reared from hatching beyond gonadal sex determination with minimum human interference. Cage 1 was stocked at the beginning of the spring spawning season and the other cages were stocked with monthly delays until cage 4 in early summer. The genotypic (amhy+, XY/YY; amhy-, XX) and phenotypic (testis, male; ovary, female) sex ratios and proportions of genotype/phenotype mismatched individuals were estimated and their relation to water temperature and daylength during the experiment was analysed by generalized linear modelling. Water temperature varied between 11 and 30.5°C, and daylength duration between 11 h 22 min and 14 h 35 min. Sex genotyping revealed nearly balanced sex ratios of XY/YY (46%-49.1%) and XX (50.9%-54%) fish in cages 2-4 whereas the genotypic sex ratio in cage 1 was clearly biased towards XY/YY fish (60.6%). Phenotypic males ranged from 42% to 54.4% in cages 1-3. Cage 4, in turn, had significantly more phenotypic males (66%). The percentage of XX males (phenotypic male/genotypic female) was 23.1% in cage 1, decreased to a minimum of 5.4% in cage 2 and gradually increased in cages 3 and 4 to a maximum of 40.7% in the latter. The percentages of XY/YY females (phenotypic female/genotypic male) were highest in cage 1 (30%) and decreased progressively in the other cages to a significantly lower value (4.3%) in cage 4. These results generally support the findings of laboratory studies on the effect of temperature on the sex determination of this species and also provide novel evidence of a XX genotype-specific masculinizing effect of short daylength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Del Fresno
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM) Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Darío C Colautti
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" ILPLA-(CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carlos A Strüssmann
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leandro A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM) Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Valdivieso A, Wilson CA, Amores A, da Silva Rodrigues M, Nóbrega RH, Ribas L, Postlethwait JH, Piferrer F. Environmentally-induced sex reversal in fish with chromosomal vs. polygenic sex determination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113549. [PMID: 35618011 PMCID: PMC9620983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sex ratio depends on sex determination mechanisms and is a key demographic parameter determining population viability and resilience to natural and anthropogenic stressors. There is increasing evidence that the environment can alter sex ratio even in genetically sex-determined species (GSD), as elevated temperature can cause female-to-male sex reversal (neomales). Alarmingly, neomales are being discovered in natural populations of several fish, amphibian and reptile species worldwide. Understanding the basis of neomale development is important for conservation biology. Among GSD species, it is unknown whether those with chromosomal sex determination (CSD), the most common system, will better resist the influence of high temperature than those with polygenic sex determination (PSD). Here, we compared the effects of elevated temperature in two wild zebrafish strains, Nadia (NA) and Ekkwill (EKW), which have CSD with a ZZ/ZW system, against the AB laboratory strain, which has PSD. First, we uncovered novel sex genotypes and the results showed that, at control temperature, the masculinization rate roughly doubled with the addition of each Z chromosome, while some ZW and WW fish of the wild strains became neomales. Surprisingly, we found that at elevated temperatures WW fish were just as likely as ZW fish to become neomales and that all strains were equally susceptible to masculinization. These results demonstrate that the Z chromosome is not essential for male development and that the dose of W buffers masculinization at the control temperature but not at elevated temperature. Furthermore, at the elevated temperature the testes of neomales, but not of normal males, contained more spermatozoa than at the control temperature. Our results show in an unprecedented way that, in a global warming scenario, CSD species may not necessarily be better protected against the masculinizing effect of elevated temperature than PSD species, and reveal genotype-by-temperature interactions in male sex determination and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Valdivieso
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angel Amores
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Hattori RS, Kumazawa K, Nakamoto M, Nakano Y, Yamaguchi T, Kitano T, Yamamoto E, Fuji K, Sakamoto T. Y-specific amh allele, amhy, is the master sex-determining gene in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Front Genet 2022; 13:1007548. [PMID: 36186422 PMCID: PMC9523440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important marine fish species of both fisheries and aquaculture in Northeast Asia. The commercial interest for all-female progenies due to several sex-related traits has prompted basic research on the mechanisms of sex determination in this species. By conducting a linkage analysis of the sex-determining locus, we initially identified 12 microsatellite markers linked to sex in 11 scaffolds, whose localization was restricted to a specific region of linkage group 9. Sequence analysis of this region identified 181 genes based on the UniProt database annotations. Among them, the amh gene was considered a potential candidate for sex determination because this gene is known to have taken over the role of sex determination in many teleosts. An in-depth sequence analysis of both the coding and non-coding regions of amh in XX and XY individuals detected nine SNPs linked with maleness. However, because these substitutions were synonymous, the upstream and downstream regions of amh were also investigated and a male-specific variant with deletions in the promoter region was detected. This truncated Y-specific amh variant was named amhy, and the amh shared by both sexes was named amhx. The association analysis using both females and males of the genotypic sex inferred by the presence/absence of amhy found complete association with phenotypic sex and genotype. Gene expression analysis in larvae derived from a single-pair progeny by quantitative real-time PCR detected amhy transcripts in the larval trunks between 20 and 100 days after hatching only in XY larvae. Localization of amhy by in situ hybridization was detected in presumptive Sertoli cells of XY gonads. Expression of amhx was almost undetectable in both XX and XY genotypes. Loss of Amh function by CRISPR-Cas9 induced male-to-female sex reversal, indicating that this gene was necessary for the masculinization of XY individuals. In conclusion, the complete linkage of amhy with males, its early expression in XY gonads before testicular differentiation, and the induction of sex reversal by loss-of-function mutation support the view that amhy is the sex-determining gene in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Shohei Hattori
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kumazawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Yamaguchi
- Nansei Field Station, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yamamoto
- Tottori Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanako Fuji
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takashi Sakamoto,
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8
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Geffroy B, Besson M, Sánchez-Baizán N, Clota F, Goikoetxea A, Sadoul B, Ruelle F, Blanc MO, Parrinello H, Hermet S, Blondeau-Bidet E, Pratlong M, Piferrer F, Vandeputte M, Allal F. Unraveling the genotype by environment interaction in a thermosensitive fish with a polygenic sex determination system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2112660118. [PMID: 34880131 PMCID: PMC8685686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112660118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In most animals, sex determination occurs at conception, when sex chromosomes are segregated following Mendelian laws. However, in multiple reptiles and fishes, this genetic sex can be overridden by external factors after fertilization or birth. In some species, the genetic sex may also be governed by multiple genes, further limiting our understanding of sex determination in such species. We used the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as a model and combined genomic (using a single nucleotide polymorphism chip) and transcriptomic (RNA-Sequencing) approaches to thoroughly depict this polygenic sex determination system and its interaction with temperature. We estimated genetic sex tendency (eGST), defined as the estimated genetic liability to become a given sex under a liability threshold model for sex determination, which accurately predicts the future phenotypic sex. We found evidence that energetic pathways, concerning the regulation of lipids and glucose, are involved in sex determination and could explain why females tend to exhibit higher energy levels and improved growth compared to males. Besides, early exposure to high-temperature up-regulated sox3, followed by sox9a in individuals with intermediate eGST, but not in individuals showing highly female-biased eGST, providing the most parsimonious explanation for temperature-induced masculinization. This gonadal state was maintained likely by DNA methylation and the up-regulation of several genes involved in histone modifications, including jmjd1c Overall, we describe a sex determination system resulting from continuous genetic and environmental influences in an animal. Our results provide significant progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying temperature-induced masculinization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France;
| | - Mathieu Besson
- SYSAAF, Station LPGP/INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Núria Sánchez-Baizán
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Clota
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - François Ruelle
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Marie-Odile Blanc
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Hermet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Blondeau-Bidet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
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9
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Hu ZM, Zhang QS, Zhang J, Kass JM, Mammola S, Fresia P, Draisma SGA, Assis J, Jueterbock A, Yokota M, Zhang Z. Intraspecific genetic variation matters when predicting seagrass distribution under climate change. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3840-3855. [PMID: 34022079 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses play a vital role in structuring coastal marine ecosystems, but their distributional range and genetic diversity have declined rapidly in recent decades. To improve conservation of seagrass species, it is important to predict how climate change may impact their ranges. Such predictions are typically made with correlative species distribution models (SDMs), which can estimate a species' potential distribution under present and future climatic scenarios given species' presence data and climatic predictor variables. However, these models are typically constructed with species-level data, and thus ignore intraspecific genetic variability, which can give rise to populations with adaptations to heterogeneous climatic conditions. Here, we explore the link between intraspecific adaptation and niche differentiation in Thalassia hemprichii, a seagrass broadly distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean and a crucial provider of habitat for numerous marine species. By retrieving and re-analysing microsatellite data from previous studies, we delimited two distinct phylogeographical lineages within the nominal species and found an intermediate level of differentiation in their multidimensional environmental niches, suggesting the possibility for local adaptation. We then compared projections of the species' habitat suitability under climate change scenarios using species-level and lineage-level SDMs. In the Central Tropical Indo-Pacific region, models for both levels predicted considerable range contraction in the future, but the lineage-level models predicted more severe habitat loss. Importantly, the two modelling approaches predicted opposite patterns of habitat change in the Western Tropical Indo-Pacific region. Our results highlight the necessity of conserving distinct populations and genetic pools to avoid regional extinction due to climate change and have important implications for guiding future management of seagrasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Min Hu
- Ocean School, YanTai University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jamie M Kass
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA, National Research Council of Italy (CNR, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Pasteur+INIA Joint Unit (UMPI), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Stefano G A Draisma
- Excellence Center for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Alexander Jueterbock
- Algal and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Strüssmann CA, Yamamoto Y, Hattori RS, Fernandino JI, Somoza GM. Where the Ends Meet: An Overview of Sex Determination in Atheriniform Fishes. Sex Dev 2021; 15:80-92. [PMID: 33951664 DOI: 10.1159/000515191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheriniform fishes have recently emerged as attractive models for evolutionary, ecological, and molecular/physiological studies on sex determination. Many species in this group have marked temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and yet many species also have a sex determinant gene that provides a strong drive for male differentiation. Thus, in these species the 2 forms of sex determination that were once considered to be mutually exclusive, environmental (ESD) and genotypic (GSD) sex determination, can coexist at environmentally relevant conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge on sex determination in atheriniform fishes with emphasis on the molecular and physiological mechanisms of ESD and GSD, the coexistence and cross-talk between these 2 mechanisms, the possibility of extragonadal transduction of environmental information and/or extragonadal onset of sex determination, and the results of field studies applying novel tools such as otolith increment analysis and molecular markers of genetic sex developed for selected New World and Old World atheriniform species. We also discuss the existence of molecular and histological mechanisms to prevent the discrepant differentiation in parts of the gonads because of ambiguous or conflicting environmental and genetic signals and particularly the possibility that the female is the default state in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Strüssmann
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricardo S Hattori
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
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High elevation increases the risk of Y chromosome loss in Alpine skink populations with sex reversal. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:805-816. [PMID: 33526811 PMCID: PMC8102603 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The view that has genotypic sex determination and environmental sex determination as mutually exclusive states in fishes and reptiles has been contradicted by the discovery that chromosomal sex and environmental influences can co-exist within the same species, hinting at a continuum of intermediate states. Systems where genes and the environment interact to determine sex present the opportunity for sex reversal to occur, where the phenotypic sex is the opposite of that predicted by their sex chromosome complement. The skink Bassiana duperreyi has XX/XY sex chromosomes with sex reversal of the XX genotype to a male phenotype, in laboratory experiments, and in field nests, in response to exposure to cold incubation temperatures. Here we studied the frequency of sex reversal in adult populations of B. duperreyi in response to climatic variation, using elevation as a surrogate for environmental temperatures. We demonstrate sex reversal in the wild for the first time in adults of a reptile species with XX/XY sex determination. The highest frequency of sex reversal occurred at the highest coolest elevation location, Mt Ginini (18.46%) and decreased in frequency to zero with decreasing elevation. We model the impact of this under Fisher's frequency-dependent selection to show that, at the highest elevations, populations risk the loss of the Y chromosome and a transition to temperature-dependent sex determination. This study contributes to our understanding of the risks of extinction from climate change in species subject to sex reversal by temperature, and will provide focus for future research to test on-the-ground management strategies to mitigate the effects of climate in local populations.
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