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Ruggiero MV, Buffoli M, Wolf KKE, D'Alelio D, Di Tuccio V, Lombardi E, Manfellotto F, Vitale L, Margiotta F, Sarno D, John U, Ferrante MI, Montresor M. Multiannual patterns of genetic structure and mating type ratios highlight the complex bloom dynamics of a marine planktonic diatom. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6028. [PMID: 38472358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible for its spatial and temporal dynamics is vital for assessing species' adaptability and survival in changing environments. We investigate the genetic fingerprinting of blooming populations of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) from 2008 to 2020. Strains were genotyped using microsatellite fingerprinting and natural samples were also analysed with Microsatellite Pool-seq Barcoding based on Illumina sequencing of microsatellite loci. Both approaches revealed a clonal expansion event in 2013 and a more stable genetic structure during 2017-2020 compared to previous years. The identification of a mating type (MT) determination gene allowed to assign MT to strains isolated over the years. MTs were generally at equilibrium with two notable exceptions, including the clonal bloom of 2013. The populations exhibited linkage equilibrium in most blooms, indicating that sexual reproduction leads to genetic homogenization. Our findings show that P. multistriata blooms exhibit a dynamic genetic and demographic composition over time, most probably determined by deeper-layer cell inocula. Occasional clonal expansions and MT imbalances can potentially affect the persistence and ecological success of planktonic diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Buffoli
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Klara K E Wolf
- Institut für Marine Ökosystem- und Fischereiwissenschaften, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Limnological Institute, Environmental Genomics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Domenico D'Alelio
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Di Tuccio
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernestina Lombardi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Manfellotto
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Vitale
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Margiotta
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Oceanography Section, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Montresor
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
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Hedberg P, Olsson M, Höglander H, Brüchert V, Winder M. Climate change effects on plankton recruitment from coastal sediments. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2024; 46:117-125. [PMID: 38572122 PMCID: PMC10987100 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In highly seasonal systems, the emergence of planktonic resting stages from the sediment is a key driver for bloom timing and plankton community composition. The termination of the resting phase is often linked to environmental cues, but the extent to which recruitment of resting stages is affected by climate change remains largely unknown for coastal environments. Here we investigate phyto- and zooplankton recruitment from oxic sediments in the Baltic Sea in a controlled experiment under proposed temperature and light increase during the spring and summer. We find that emergence of resting stage differs between seasons and the abiotic environment. Phytoplankton recruitment from resting stages were high in spring with significantly higher emergence rates at increased temperature and light levels for dinoflagellate and cyanobacteria than for diatoms, which had highest emergence under cold and dark conditions. In comparison, hatching of copepod nauplii was not affected by increased temperature and light levels. These results show that activation of plankton resting stages are affected to different degrees by increasing temperature and light levels, indicating that climate change affects plankton dynamics through processes related to resting stage termination with potential consequences for bloom timing, community composition and trophic mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Hedberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, 10900 Hanko, Finland
| | - Markus Olsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Höglander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker Brüchert
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Filatov DA, Kirkpatrick M. How does evolution work in superabundant microbes? Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00024-6. [PMID: 38360431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton play crucial roles in the Earth's ecological, chemical, and geological processes. They are responsible for about half of global primary production and drive the ocean biological carbon pump. Understanding how plankton species may adapt to the Earth's rapidly changing environments is evidently an urgent priority. This problem requires evolutionary genetic approaches as evolution occurs at the level of allele frequency change within populations driven by genetic drift and natural selection (microevolution). Plankters such as the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa huxleyi and the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus 'marinus' are among Earth's most abundant organisms. In this opinion paper we discuss how evolution in astronomically large populations of superabundant microbes (SAMs) may act fundamentally differently than it does in the populations of more modest size found in well-studied organisms. This offers exciting opportunities to study evolution in the conditions that have yet to be explored and also leads to unique challenges. Exploring these opportunities and challenges is the goal of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Filatov
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Mark Kirkpatrick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Reñé A, Alacid E, Vishnyakov AE, Seto K, Tcvetkova VS, Gordi J, Kagami M, Kremp A, Garcés E, Karpov SA. The new chytridiomycete Paradinomyces triforaminorum gen. et sp. nov. co-occurs with other parasitoids during a Kryptoperidinium foliaceum (Dinophyceae) bloom in the Baltic Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102352. [PMID: 36470607 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new chytrid genus and species was isolated and cultured from samples obtained in the Baltic Sea during a dinoflagellate bloom event. This species is characterized by having a spherical sporangium without papillae and zoospores of 2-3 µm in diameter that are released through 3 discharge pores. Molecular phylogeny based on ribosomal operon showed its sister position to the Dinomyces cluster in Rhizophydiales. Zoospores lack fenestrated cisternae but contain a paracrystalline inclusion, found in a Rhizophydiales representative for the first time. Additionally, the kinetid features are uncommon for Rhizophydiales and only observed in Dinomyces representatives so far. These morphological features and its phylogenetic relationships justify the description of the new genus and speciesParadinomyces triforaminorum gen. nov. sp. nov. belonging to the family Dinomycetaceae. The chytrid was detected during a high-biomass bloom of the dinoflagellate Kryptoperidinium foliaceum. Laboratory experiments suggest this species is highly specific and demonstrate the impact it can have on HAB development. The chytrid co-occurred with three other parasites belonging to Chytridiomycota (Fungi) and Perkinsea (Alveolata), highlighting that parasitic interactions are common during HABs in brackish and marine systems, and these multiple parasites compete for similar hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC). Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Alacid
- Department of Zoology. University of Oxford. 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey E Vishnyakov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Kensuke Seto
- Yokohama National University, Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Tokiwadai 79-7, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Victoria S Tcvetkova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Jordina Gordi
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC). Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Yokohama National University, Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Tokiwadai 79-7, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Anke Kremp
- Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Seestrasse 15 Rostock, 18119, Germany
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC). Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergey A Karpov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Kirochnaya st. 41, St Petersburg, 191015, Russia
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Evolution of Phytoplankton as Estimated from Genetic Diversity. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are photosynthetic, single-celled organisms producing almost half of all oxygen on Earth and play a central role as prey for higher organisms, making them irreplaceable in the marine food web. As Global Change proceeds, imposing rapidly intensifying selection pressures, phytoplankton are forced to undergo evolution, local extinction, or redistribution, with potentially cascading effects throughout the marine ecosystem. Recent results from the field of population genetics display high levels of standing genetic diversity in natural phytoplankton populations, providing ample ‘evolutionary options’ and implying high adaptive potential to changing conditions. This potential for adaptive evolution is realized in several studies of experimental evolution, even though most of these studies investigate the evolution of only single strains. This, however, shows that phytoplankton not only evolve from standing genetic diversity, but also rely on de novo mutations. Recent global sampling campaigns show that the immense intraspecific diversity of phytoplankton in the marine ecosystem has been significantly underestimated, meaning we are only studying a minor portion of the relevant variability in the context of Global Change and evolution. An increased understanding of genomic diversity is primarily hampered by the low number of ecologically representative reference genomes of eukaryotic phytoplankton and the functional annotation of these. However, emerging technologies relying on metagenome and transcriptome data may offer a more realistic understanding of phytoplankton diversity.
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