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Zhang H, Mou J, Ding J, Qin W. Peptide-Driven Assembly of Magnetic Beads for Potentiometric Sensing of Bacterial Enzyme at a Subcellular Level. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39180154 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial enzymes with different subcellular localizations play a critical ecological role in biogeochemical processing. However, precisely quantifying enzymes localized at certain subcellular levels, such as extracellular enzymes, has not yet been fully realized due to the complexity and dynamism of the bacterial outer membrane. Here we present a magneto-controlled potentiometric sensing platform for the specific detection of extracellular enzymatic activity. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is one of the crucial hydrolytic enzymes in the ocean, was selected as the target enzyme. Magnetic beads functionalized with an ALP-responsive self-assembled peptide (GGGGGFFFpYpYEEE, MBs-peptides) prevent negatively charged peptides from entering the bacterial outer membrane, thereby enabling direct potentiometric sensing of extracellular ALP both attached to the bacterial cell surface and released into the surrounding environment. The dephosphorylation-triggered assembly of peptide-coupled magnetic beads can be directly and sensitively measured by using a magneto-controlled sensor. In this study, extracellular ALP activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1.0 × 105 CFU mL-1 was specifically and sensitively monitored. Moreover, this magneto-controlled potentiometric method enabled a simple and accurate assay of ALP activity across different subcellular localizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Junsong Mou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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2
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Keroack CD, Elsworth B, Tennessen JA, Paul AS, Hua R, Ramirez-Ramirez L, Ye S, Moreira CK, Meyers MJ, Zarringhalam K, Duraisingh MT. Comparative chemical genomics in Babesia species identifies the alkaline phosphatase PhoD as a determinant of antiparasitic resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312987121. [PMID: 38377214 PMCID: PMC10907312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312987121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis and widely distributed veterinary infection caused by 100+ species of Babesia parasites. The diversity of Babesia parasites and the lack of specific drugs necessitate the discovery of broadly effective antibabesials. Here, we describe a comparative chemogenomics (CCG) pipeline for the identification of conserved targets. CCG relies on parallel in vitro evolution of resistance in independent populations of Babesia spp. (B. bovis and B. divergens). We identified a potent antibabesial, MMV019266, from the Malaria Box, and selected for resistance in two species of Babesia. After sequencing of multiple independently derived lines in the two species, we identified mutations in a membrane-bound metallodependent phosphatase (phoD). In both species, the mutations were found in the phoD-like phosphatase domain. Using reverse genetics, we validated that mutations in bdphoD confer resistance to MMV019266 in B. divergens. We have also demonstrated that BdPhoD localizes to the endomembrane system and partially with the apicoplast. Finally, conditional knockdown and constitutive overexpression of BdPhoD alter the sensitivity to MMV019266 in the parasite. Overexpression of BdPhoD results in increased sensitivity to the compound, while knockdown increases resistance, suggesting BdPhoD is a pro-susceptibility factor. Together, we have generated a robust pipeline for identification of resistance loci and identified BdPhoD as a resistance mechanism in Babesia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Keroack
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Brendan Elsworth
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jacob A. Tennessen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Aditya S. Paul
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Renee Hua
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Luz Ramirez-Ramirez
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Sida Ye
- Department of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA02125
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA02125
| | - Cristina K. Moreira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Marvin J. Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO63103
| | - Kourosh Zarringhalam
- Department of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA02125
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA02125
| | - Manoj T. Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
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Matsui H, Harada H, Maeda K, Sugiyama T, Fukuchi Y, Kimura N, Nawaly H, Tsuji Y, Matsuda Y. Coordinated phosphate uptake by extracellular alkaline phosphatase and solute carrier transporters in marine diatoms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1210-1221. [PMID: 38013640 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine diatoms express genes encoding potential phosphate transporter and alkaline phosphatase (APase) under phosphate-limited (-P) condition. This indicates that diatoms use high-affinity phosphate uptake system with organic phosphate hydration. The function of molecules playing roles for Pi uptake was determined in this study. Pi uptake and APase activity of two marine diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana, were monitored during acclimation to -P condition. The transcript levels of Pi transporter were analyzed, and Pi transporters were localized with GFP tagging in diatom cells. KO mutants of plasma membrane solute carrier proteins (SLC34s) or APase were established, and their phenotype was evaluated. Some Na+ /Pi transporter candidates, SLC34s in P. tricornutum and T. pseudonana, increased transcript under -P condition. Whole-cell Pi transport was specifically stimulated by sodium ion but independent of potassium, lithium, or proton. Genome-editing KO of PtSLC34-5 and APase (Pt49678) in P. tricornutum was highly inhibitory for Pi uptake, and KO of TpSLC34-2 was also highly inhibitory for Pi uptake in T. pseudonana. SLC34s and APase were co-expressed under -P conditions in marine diatoms. SLC34s play a major role in the initial acclimation stage of diatom cells to -P condition and APase plays an increasing role in the prolonged Pi-starved condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Matsui
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
| | - Kanako Maeda
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugiyama
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yohei Fukuchi
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nanae Kimura
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hermanus Nawaly
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsuji
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
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Li J, Wu S, Zhang K, Sun X, Lin W, Wang C, Lin S. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR-Associated Protein and Its Utility All at Sea: Status, Challenges, and Prospects. Microorganisms 2024; 12:118. [PMID: 38257946 PMCID: PMC10820777 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Initially discovered over 35 years ago in the bacterium Escherichia coli as a defense system against invasion of viral (or other exogenous) DNA into the genome, CRISPR/Cas has ushered in a new era of functional genetics and served as a versatile genetic tool in all branches of life science. CRISPR/Cas has revolutionized the methodology of gene knockout with simplicity and rapidity, but it is also powerful for gene knock-in and gene modification. In the field of marine biology and ecology, this tool has been instrumental in the functional characterization of 'dark' genes and the documentation of the functional differentiation of gene paralogs. Powerful as it is, challenges exist that have hindered the advances in functional genetics in some important lineages. This review examines the status of applications of CRISPR/Cas in marine research and assesses the prospect of quickly expanding the deployment of this powerful tool to address the myriad fundamental marine biology and biological oceanography questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Xueqiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Wenwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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5
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Setta SP, Lerch S, Jenkins BD, Dyhrman ST, Rynearson TA. Oligotrophic waters of the Northwest Atlantic support taxonomically diverse diatom communities that are distinct from coastal waters. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:1202-1216. [PMID: 37737069 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are important components of the marine food web and one of the most species-rich groups of phytoplankton. The diversity and composition of diatoms in eutrophic nearshore habitats have been well documented due to the outsized influence of diatoms on coastal ecosystem functioning. In contrast, patterns of both diatom diversity and community composition in offshore oligotrophic regions where diatom biomass is low have been poorly resolved. To compare the diatom diversity and community composition in oligotrophic and eutrophic waters, diatom communities were sampled along a 1,250 km transect from the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea to the coastal waters of the northeast US shelf. Diatom community composition was determined by amplifying and sequencing the 18S rDNA V4 region. Of the 301 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) identified along the transect, the majority (70%) were sampled exclusively from oligotrophic waters of the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea and included the genera Bacteriastrum, Haslea, Hemiaulus, Pseudo-nitzschia, and Nitzschia. Diatom ASV richness did not vary along the transect, indicating that the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream are occupied by a diverse diatom community. Although ASV richness was similar between oligotrophic and coastal waters, diatom community composition in these regions differed significantly and was correlated with temperature and phosphate, two environmental variables known to influence diatom metabolism and geographic distribution. In sum, oligotrophic waters of the western North Atlantic harbor diverse diatom assemblages that are distinct from coastal regions, and these open ocean diatoms warrant additional study, as they may play critical roles in oligotrophic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P Setta
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sarah Lerch
- College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bethany D Jenkins
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
- College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sonya T Dyhrman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana A Rynearson
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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6
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Li J, Zhang K, Li L, Wang Y, Lin S. Phosphorus nutrition strategies in a Symbiodiniacean species: Implications in coral-alga symbiosis facing increasing phosphorus deficiency in future warmer oceans. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6558-6571. [PMID: 37740668 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs thrive in the oligotrophic ocean and rely on symbiotic algae to acquire nutrients. Global warming is projected to intensify surface ocean nutrient deficiency and anthropogenic discharge of wastes with high nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios can exacerbate P nutrient limitation. However, our understanding on how symbiotic algae cope with P deficiency is limited. Here, we investigated the responses of a coral symbiotic species of Symbiodiniaceae, Cladocopium goreaui, to P-limitation by examining its physiological performance and transcriptomic profile. Under P stress, C. goreaui exhibited decreases in algal growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and cellular P content but enhancement in carbon fixation, N assimilation, N:P ratio, and energy metabolism, with downregulated expression of carbohydrate exporter genes. Besides, C. goreaui showed flexible mechanisms of utilizing different dissolved organic phosphorus to relieve P deficiency. When provided glycerol phosphate, C. goreaui hydrolyzed it extracellularly to produce phosphate for uptake. When grown on phytate, in contrast, C. goreaui upregulated the endocytosis pathway while no dissolved inorganic phosphorus was released into the medium, suggesting that phytate was transported into the cell, potentially via the endocytosis pathway. This study sheds light on the survival strategies of C. goreaui and potential weakening of its role as an organic carbon supplier in P-limited environments, underscoring the importance of more systematic investigation on future projections of such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Hongo Y, Hano T, Yamaguchi H, Tomaru Y. Transcriptional responses of the marine diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus to phosphate deficiency. Gene 2023; 884:147695. [PMID: 37549856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The planktonic diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus sometimes forms blooms in coastal surface waters where dissolved inorganic phosphorus (P) is typically deficient. To understand the molecular mechanisms for survival under P-deficient conditions, we compared whole transcripts and metabolites with P-sufficient conditions using stationary growth cells. Under P-deficient conditions, cell numbers and photosynthetic activities decreased as cells entered the stationary growth phase, with downregulation of transcripts related to the Calvin cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Therefore, metabolites varied across nutritional conditions. Alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, phytase, phosphate transporter, and transcription factor genes were drastically upregulated under dissolved inorganic P deficiency. Genes related to phospholipid degradation and nonphospholipid synthesis were also upregulated. These results indicate that C. tenuissimus rearranges its membrane composition from phospholipids to nonphospholipids to conserve phosphate. To endure in P-deficient conditions, C. tenuissimus modifies its gene responses, suggesting a potential survival strategy in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hongo
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hano
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Haruo Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Tomaru
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
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Zhang K, Li J, Cheng J, Lin S. Alkaline Phosphatase PhoD Mutation Induces Fatty Acid and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LC-PUFA)-Bound Phospholipid Production in the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:560. [PMID: 37999384 PMCID: PMC10672530 DOI: 10.3390/md21110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid growth and high lipid contents, microalgae have become promising environmentally friendly candidates for renewable biodiesel and health supplements in our era of global warming and energy depletion. Various pathways have been explored to enhance algal lipid production, especially gene editing. Previously, we found that the functional loss of PhoD-type alkaline phosphatase (AP), a phosphorus-stress indicator in phytoplankton, could lead to increased lipid contents in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, but how the AP mutation may change lipid composition remains unexplored. This study addresses the gap in the research and investigates the effects of PhoD-type AP mutation on the lipid composition and metabolic regulation in P. tricornutum using transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses. We observed significantly modified lipid composition and elevated production of fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, and monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol after PhoD_45757 mutation. Meanwhile, genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were upregulated in mutant cells. Moreover, the mutant exhibited increased contents of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA)-bound phospholipids, indicating that PhoD_45757 mutation could improve the potential bioavailability of PUFAs. Our findings indicate that AP mutation could influence cellular lipid synthesis and probably redirect carbon toward lipid production and further demonstrate that AP mutation is a promising approach for the development of high-value microalgal strains for biomedical and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Li J, Zhang K, Li L, Wang Y, Wang C, Lin S. Two-sided effects of the organic phosphorus phytate on a globally important marine coccolithophorid phytoplankton. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0125523. [PMID: 37702480 PMCID: PMC10655706 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01255-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) is a potential source of aquatic eutrophication and pollution because it can potentially stimulate growth in some species and inhibit growth in other species of algae, the foundation of the marine ecosystem. Inositol hexaphosphate (also named phytic acid or PA), an abundant organophosphate, is presumably ubiquitous in the marine environment, but how it affects marine primary producers is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the bioavailability of this DOP to the cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Our results showed that E. huxleyi cells can take up PA and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) simultaneously. Absorbed PA can efficiently support algal growth, producing cell yield between DIP and phosphorus (P)-depleted conditions. Accordingly, PA supply as the sole P source highly influences cellular metabolism and nutrient stoichiometry. Particularly, PA-grown cultures exhibited enhanced carbon fixation, increased lipid content, activated energy metabolism, and induced nitrogen assimilation. However, our data suggest that PA may also exert some levels of toxic effects on E. huxleyi. This study provides novel insights into the variable effects of a DOP on marine phytoplankton, which will inform new inquiries about how the complex DOP constituencies in the ocean will shape phytoplankton community structure and function. IMPORTANCE The dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) utilization in phytoplankton plays vital roles in cellular P homeostasis, P-nutrient niche, and the dynamics of community structure in marine ecosystems, but its mechanisms, potentially varying with species, are far from clear. In this study, we investigated the utilization of a widespread DOP species, which is commonly produced by plants (land plants and marine macrophytes) and released into coastal areas, in a globally distributed bloom-forming coccolithophore species in various phosphorus environments. Using a combination of physiological and transcriptomic measurements and analyses, our experimental results revealed the complex mechanism and two-sided effects of DOP (major algal growth-supporting and minor toxic effects) in this species, providing a novel perspective on phytoplankton nutrient regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Keroack CD, Elsworth B, Tennessen JA, Paul AS, Hua R, Ramirez-Ramirez L, Ye S, Moreira CM, Meyers MJ, Zarringhalam K, Duraisingh MT. Comparative chemical genomics in Babesia species identifies the alkaline phosphatase phoD as a novel determinant of resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544849. [PMID: 37398106 PMCID: PMC10312741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis and widely distributed veterinary infection caused by 100+ species of Babesia parasites. The diversity of Babesia parasites, coupled with the lack of potent inhibitors necessitates the discovery of novel conserved druggable targets for the generation of broadly effective antibabesials. Here, we describe a comparative chemogenomics (CCG) pipeline for the identification of novel and conserved targets. CCG relies on parallel in vitro evolution of resistance in independent populations of evolutionarily-related Babesia spp. ( B. bovis and B. divergens ). We identified a potent antibabesial inhibitor from the Malaria Box, MMV019266. We were able to select for resistance to this compound in two species of Babesia, achieving 10-fold or greater resistance after ten weeks of intermittent selection. After sequencing of multiple independently derived lines in the two species, we identified mutations in a single conserved gene in both species: a membrane-bound metallodependent phosphatase (putatively named PhoD). In both species, the mutations were found in the phoD-like phosphatase domain, proximal to the predicted ligand binding site. Using reverse genetics, we validated that mutations in PhoD confer resistance to MMV019266. We have also demonstrated that PhoD localizes to the endomembrane system and partially with the apicoplast. Finally, conditional knockdown and constitutive overexpression of PhoD alter the sensitivity to MMV019266 in the parasite: overexpression of PhoD results in increased sensitivity to the compound, while knockdown increases resistance, suggesting PhoD is a resistance mechanism. Together, we have generated a robust pipeline for identification of resistance loci, and identified PhoD as a novel determinant of resistance in Babesia species. Highlights Use of two species for in vitro evolution identifies a high confidence locus associated with resistance Resistance mutation in phoD was validated using reverse genetics in B. divergens Perturbation of phoD using function genetics results in changes in the level of resistance to MMV019266Epitope tagging reveals localization to the ER/apicoplast, a conserved localization with a similar protein in diatoms Together, phoD is a novel resistance determinant in multiple Babesia spp .
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Li J, Zhang K, Li L, Wang Y, Lin S. Unsuspected functions of alkaline phosphatase PhoD in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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