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Whitley BS, Li Z, Jones L, de Vere N. Mega-Barcoding Projects: Delivering National DNA Barcoding Initiatives for Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2744:445-473. [PMID: 38683335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3581-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant DNA barcoding has a multitude of applications ranging from species detection and biomonitoring to investigating ecological networks and checking food quality. The ability to accurately identify species, using DNA barcoding, depends on the quality and comprehensiveness of the reference library that is used. This chapter describes how to create plant reference libraries using the rbcL, matK, and ITS2 DNA barcode regions. It covers the creation of species lists, the collection of specimens from the field and herbarium, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing. This methodology gives special attention to using samples from herbaria, as they represent important collections of easily accessible, taxonomically verified plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Whitley
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhao Li
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Jones
- National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, UK
| | - Natasha de Vere
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Rieseberg L, Warschefsky E, Burton J, Huang K, Sibbett B. Editorial 2024. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17239. [PMID: 38146175 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emily Warschefsky
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jade Burton
- John Wiley & Sons, Atrium Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, UK
| | - Kaichi Huang
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Sibbett
- John Wiley & Sons, Atrium Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, UK
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Leponiemi M, Freitak D, Moreno-Torres M, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Becker-Scarpitta A, Tiusanen M, Vesterinen EJ, Wirta H. Honeybees' foraging choices for nectar and pollen revealed by DNA metabarcoding. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14753. [PMID: 37679501 PMCID: PMC10484984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are the most widespread managed pollinators of our food crops, and a crucial part of their well-being is a suitable diet. Yet, we do not know how they choose flowers to collect nectar or pollen from. Here we studied forty-three honeybee colonies in six apiaries over a summer, identifying the floral origins of honey and hive-stored pollen samples by DNA-metabarcoding. We recorded the available flowering plants and analyzed the specialized metabolites in honey. Overall, we find that honeybees use mostly the same plants for both nectar and pollen, yet per colony less than half of the plant genera are used for both nectar and pollen at a time. Across samples, on average fewer plant genera were used for pollen, but the composition was more variable among samples, suggesting higher selectivity for pollen sources. Of the available flowering plants, honeybees used only a fraction for either nectar or pollen foraging. The time of summer guided the plant choices the most, and the location impacted both the plants selected and the specialized metabolite composition in honey. Thus, honeybees are selective for both nectar and pollen, implicating a need of a wide variety of floral resources to choose an optimal diet from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Leponiemi
- Institute of Biology, Karl-Franzen University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dalial Freitak
- Institute of Biology, Karl-Franzen University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Miguel Moreno-Torres
- Institute of Environmental Systems Science, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Merangasse 18/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mikko Tiusanen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero J Vesterinen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Wirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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