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Peng L, Ma M, Dong Y, Wu Q, An S, Cao M, Wang Y, Zhou C, Zhou M, Wang X, Liang Q, Wang Y. Kuoxin Decoction promotes lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish and in vitro based on network analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:915161. [PMID: 36105188 PMCID: PMC9465995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.915161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inadequate lymphangiogenesis is closely related to the occurrence of many kinds of diseases, and one of the important treatments is to promote lymphangiogenesis. Kuoxin Decoction (KXF) is an herbal formula from traditional Chinese medicine used to treat dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is associated with lymphangiogenesis deficiency. In this study, we comprehensively verified whether KXF promotes lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish and in vitro based on network analysis. Methods: We performed virtual screening of the active compounds of KXF and potential targets regarding DCM based on network analysis. Tg (Flila: EGFP; Gata1: DsRed) transgenic zebrafish embryos were treated with different concentrations of KXF for 48 h with or without the pretreatment of MAZ51 for 6 h, followed by morphological observation of the lymphatic vessels and an assessment of lymphopoiesis. RT-qPCR was employed to identify VEGF-C, VEGF-A, PROX1, and LYVE-1 mRNA expression levels in different groups. After the treatment of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) with different concentrations of salvianolic acid B (SAB, the active ingredient of KXF), their proliferation, migration, and protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were compared by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and western blot. Results: A total of 106 active compounds were identified constituting KXF, and 58 target genes of KXF for DCM were identified. There were 132 pathways generated from KEGG enrichment, including 5 signaling pathways related to lymphangiogenesis. Zebrafish experiments confirmed that KXF promoted lymphangiogenesis and increased VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA expression levels in zebrafish with or without MAZ51-induced thoracic duct injury. In LECs, SAB promoted proliferation and migration, and it could upregulate the protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in LECs after injury. Conclusion: The results of network analysis showed that KXF could regulate lymphangiogenesis through VEGF-C and VEGF-A, and experiments with zebrafish confirmed that KXF could promote lymphangiogenesis. Cell experiments confirmed that SAB could promote the proliferation and migration of LECs and upregulate the protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3. These results suggest that KXF promotes lymphangiogenesis by a mechanism related to the upregulation of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3, and the main component exerting this effect may be SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longping Peng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjiao Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Dong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying An
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Cao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Liang, ; Youhua Wang,
| | - Youhua Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Liang, ; Youhua Wang,
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Pleiotropic, Unique and Shared Responses Elicited by IL-6 Family Cytokines in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031448. [PMID: 35163371 PMCID: PMC8836206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells express glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which is utilized as a signaling receptor by cytokines in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family. Several IL-6 family cytokines can be found in the circulatory system during physiological or pathological conditions, and may influence endothelial function and response. This study evaluated and compared the cellular and molecular responses induced by IL-6 family cytokines in human endothelial cells. A proteomic analysis showed that IL-6 family cytokines induce the release of a range of proteins from endothelial cells, such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 23, hepatocyte growth factor, and IL-6. Pathway analysis indicated that gp130-signaling in endothelial cells regulates several functions related to angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment. The present investigation also disclosed differences and similarities between different IL-6 family cytokines in their ability to induce protein release and regulate gene expression and intracellular signaling, in regards to which oncostatin M showed the most pronounced effect. Further, this study showed that soluble gp130 preferentially blocks trans-signaling-induced responses, but does not affect responses induced by classic signaling. In conclusion, IL-6 family cytokines induce both specific and overlapping molecular responses in endothelial cells, and regulate genes and proteins involved in angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment.
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Otterdal K, Berg A, Michelsen AE, Patel S, Gregersen I, Sagen EL, Halvorsen B, Yndestad A, Ueland T, Langeland N, Aukrust P. Plasma levels of interleukin 27 in falciparum malaria is increased independently of co-infection with HIV: potential immune-regulatory role during malaria. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:65. [PMID: 31964363 PMCID: PMC6974969 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response during falciparum malaria mediates both harmful and protective effects on the host; however the participating molecules have not been fully defined. Interleukin (IL)-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine exerting both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, but data on IL-27 in malaria patients are scarce. Methods Clinical data and blood samples were collected from adults in Mozambique with P. falciparum infection, with (n = 70) and without (n = 61) HIV-1 co-infection, from HIV-infected patients with similar symptoms without malaria (n = 58) and from healthy controls (n = 52). In vitro studies were performed in endothelial cells and PBMC using hemozoin crystals. Samples were analyzed using enzyme immunoassays and quantitative PCR. Results (i) IL-27 was markedly up-regulated in malaria patients compared with controls and HIV-infected patients without malaria, showing no relation to HIV co-infection. (ii) IL-27 was correlated with P. falciparum parasitemia and von Willebrand factor as a marker of endothelial activation, but not with disease severity. (iii) In vitro, IL-27 modulated the hemozoin-mediated cytokine response in endothelial cells and PBMC with enhancing effects on IL-6 and attenuating effects on IL-8. Conclusion Our findings show that IL-27 is regulated during falciparum malaria, mediating both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, potentially playing an immune-regulatory role during falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.
| | - Aase Berg
- Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, PO Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Maputo, 1100, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sam Patel
- Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Maputo, 1100, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Lund Sagen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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Systemic Sclerosis Serum Significantly Impairs the Multi-Step Lymphangiogenic Process: in Vitro Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246189. [PMID: 31817940 PMCID: PMC6940874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In systemic sclerosis (SSc), the possible involvement of lymphatic microcirculation and lymphangiogenesis has traditionally been overshadowed by the greater emphasis placed on dysfunctional blood vascular system and angiogenesis. In the present in vitro study, we explore for the first time whether the SSc microenvironment may interfere with lymphangiogenesis, a complex, multi-step process in which lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (LMVECs) sprout, migrate, and proliferate to generate new lymphatic capillaries. Normal human adult dermal LMVECs from three donors were treated with serum from SSc patients (n = 8), serum from healthy individuals (n = 8), or recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C as a positive control for lymphangiogenesis. Cell proliferation, Boyden chamber Matrigel chemoinvasion, wound healing capacity, and lymphatic capillary morphogenesis on Geltrex were assayed. VEGF-C serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene and protein expression levels of the lymphangiogenic orchestrators VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3)/Flt-4 and neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Conditioning with SSc serum significantly inhibited LMVEC proliferation, Matrigel invasion, and wound healing capacity with respect to healthy serum. The ability of LMVECs to form lymphatic tubes on Geltrex was also severely compromised in the presence of SSc serum. VEGF-C levels were comparable in SSc and healthy sera. Treatment with SSc serum resulted in a significant downregulation of both VEGFR-3/Flt-4 and NRP-2 mRNA and protein levels. In SSc, the pathologic environment severely hampers every lymphangiogenesis step, likely through the reduction of pro-lymphangiogenic VEGFR-3/NRP-2 co-receptor signaling. The impairment of the lymphangiogenic process opens a new scenario underlying SSc vascular pathophysiology, which is worth investigating further.
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Staphylococcal LTA antagonizes the B cell-mitogenic potential of LPS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1496. [PMID: 29367683 PMCID: PMC5784022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Gram-positive bacteria is regarded as the counterpart biomolecule of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria because of their structural and immunological similarities. Although LPS induces a strong polyclonal expansion of B cells, little is known about the effect of LTA on B cell proliferation. In the present study, we prepared LTAs from Gram-positive bacteria and examined their effect on splenic B cell proliferation. Unlike LPS, LTA did not induce B cell proliferation. Instead, Staphylococcus aureus LTA (Sa.LTA) appeared to inhibit LPS-induced B cell proliferation in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. Such effect was observed neither in splenocytes from Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient mice nor in the purified splenic B cells. Furthermore, decreased ERK phosphorylation appeared to be responsible for this phenomenon. Collectively, our results support that Sa.LTA inhibited LPS-induced B cell proliferation through the decrease of ERK phosphorylation via TLR2 signaling pathway.
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Naviglio S, Soncini E, Vairo D, Lanfranchi A, Badolato R, Porta F. Long-Term Survival After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Complete STAT1 Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:701-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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K. Au K, Peterson N, Truesdell P, Reid-Schachter G, Khalaj K, Ren R, Francis JA, Graham CH, Craig AW, Koti M. CXCL10 alters the tumour immune microenvironment and disease progression in a syngeneic murine model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:436-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Gao J, Fan M, Xiang G, Wang J, Zhang X, Guo W, Wu X, Sun Y, Gu Y, Ge H, Tan R, Qiu H, Shen Y, Xu Q. Diptoindonesin G promotes ERK-mediated nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 (Ser727) and cell differentiation in AML cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2765. [PMID: 28471454 PMCID: PMC5520695 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of a new differentiation therapy that extends the range of differentiation for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is attractive to researchers and clinicians. Here we report that diptoindonesin G (Dip G), a natural resveratrol aneuploid, exerts antiproliferative activity by inducing G2/M phase arrest and cell differentiation in AML cell lines and primary AML cells. Gene-profiling experiments showed that treating human leukemia HL-60 cells with Dip G was associated with a remarkable upregulation of STAT1 target gene expression, including IFIT3 and CXCL10. Mechanistically, Dip G activated ERK, which caused phosphorylation of STAT1 at Ser727 and selectively enhanced the interaction of p-STAT1 (Ser727) and p-ERK, further promoting their nuclear translocation. The nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 and p-ERK enhanced the transactivation of STAT1-targeted genes in AML cells. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of HL-60 xenografts demonstrated that Dip G significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor weight by inducing cell differentiation. Taken together, these results shed light on an essential role for ERK-mediated nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 (Ser727) and its full transcriptional activity in Dip G-induced differentiation of AML cells. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that Dip G could be used as a differentiation-inducing agent for AML therapy, particularly for non-acute promyelocytic leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Minmin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huiming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongxia Qiu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Nie X, Yuan F, Chen P, Pu Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Xiao X, Che G, Gao L, Zhang L. Association between IL-27 gene polymorphisms and risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Biomark Med 2016; 11:141-149. [PMID: 27929666 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM IL-27 has potent antitumor effects. We aimed to examine the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-27 to the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MATERIALS & METHODS IL-27 rs153109 and rs17855750 were analyzed in 496 PTC patients and 629 controls, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The rs153109 AG and AG/GG genotypes were significantly associated with increased risks for PTC. Significantly increased PTC risk was also associated with rs17855750 GT and GT/GG genotypes. Combined genotypes of rs153109 AG/GG and rs17855750 GT/GG increased the risk of PTC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings showed that IL-27 rs153109 and rs17855750 might be related to the tumorigenesis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Nie
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Pu
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Guanglu Che
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular & Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women & Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects & Related Diseases of Women & Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,Laboratory of Molecular & Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women & Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects & Related Diseases of Women & Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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10
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Tanaka M, Iwakiri Y. The Hepatic Lymphatic Vascular System: Structure, Function, Markers, and Lymphangiogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:733-749. [PMID: 28105461 PMCID: PMC5240041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system has been minimally explored in the liver despite its essential functions including maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis. The discovery of specific markers for lymphatic endothelial cells has advanced the study of lymphatics by methods including imaging, cell isolation, and transgenic animal models and has resulted in rapid progress in lymphatic vascular research during the last decade. These studies have yielded concrete evidence that lymphatic vessel dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. This article reviews the current knowledge of the structure, function, and markers of the hepatic lymphatic vascular system as well as factors associated with hepatic lymphangiogenesis and compares liver lymphatics with those in other tissues.
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Key Words
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- Cirrhosis
- EHE, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
- HA, hyaluronan
- HBx Ag, hepatitis B x antigen
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- LYVE-1, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1
- LyEC, lymphatic endothelial cell
- NO, nitric oxide
- Portal Hypertension
- Prox1, prospero homeobox protein 1
- VEGF
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Reprint requests Address requests for reprints to: Yasuko Iwakiri, PhD, Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S223B, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. fax: (203) 785-7273.Section of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineTAC S223B, 333 Cedar StreetNew HavenConnecticut 06520
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Meissl K, Macho-Maschler S, Müller M, Strobl B. The good and the bad faces of STAT1 in solid tumours. Cytokine 2015; 89:12-20. [PMID: 26631912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 is part of the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signalling cascade and is best known for its essential role in mediating responses to all types of interferons (IFN). STAT1 regulates a variety of cellular processes, such as antimicrobial activities, cell proliferation and cell death. It exerts important immune modulatory activities both in the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. Based on studies in mice and data from human patients, STAT1 is generally considered a tumour suppressor but there is growing evidence that it can also act as a tumour promoter. This review aims at contrasting the two faces of STAT1 in tumourigenesis and providing an overview on the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms or pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4539;
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13
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Camós S, Gubern C, Sobrado M, Rodríguez R, Romera V, Moro M, Lizasoain I, Serena J, Mallolas J, Castellanos M. The high-mobility group I-Y transcription factor is involved in cerebral ischemia and modulates the expression of angiogenic proteins. Neuroscience 2014; 269:112-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Blei F. Update December 2013. Lymphat Res Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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