1
|
Yarahmadi A, Zare M, Aghayari M, Afkhami H, Jafari GA. Therapeutic bacteria and viruses to combat cancer: double-edged sword in cancer therapy: new insights for future. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:239. [PMID: 38654309 PMCID: PMC11040964 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, ranked as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, leads to the death of approximately seven million people annually, establishing itself as one of the most significant health challenges globally. The discovery and identification of new anti-cancer drugs that kill or inactivate cancer cells without harming normal and healthy cells and reduce adverse effects on the immune system is a potential challenge in medicine and a fundamental goal in Many studies. Therapeutic bacteria and viruses have become a dual-faceted instrument in cancer therapy. They provide a promising avenue for cancer treatment, but at the same time, they also create significant obstacles and complications that contribute to cancer growth and development. This review article explores the role of bacteria and viruses in cancer treatment, examining their potential benefits and drawbacks. By amalgamating established knowledge and perspectives, this review offers an in-depth examination of the present research landscape within this domain and identifies avenues for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra Zare
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Aghayari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam Ali Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang X, Wei F, Yang H, Fan L, Cai X, Ma Y, Shi J, Xing K, Qiu L, Li X, Lu L, Ji J, Wen Y, Feng J. Flagella-Driven Motility Is Critical to the Virulence of Xanthomonas fragariae in Strawberry. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3506-3516. [PMID: 37157097 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0409-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas fragariae (X. fragariae) is the causal agent of angular leaf spots (ALS) in strawberry plants. Recently, a study in China isolated X. fragariae strain YL19, which was observed to cause both typical ALS symptoms and dry cavity rot in strawberry crown tissue; this was the first X. fragariae strain to have both these effects in strawberry. In this study, from 2020 to 2022, we isolated 39 X. fragariae strains from diseased strawberries in different production areas in China. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis showed that X. fragariae strain YLX21 was genetically different from YL19 and other strains. Tests indicated that YLX21 and YL19 had different pathogenicities toward strawberry leaves and stem crowns. YLX21 did not cause ALS symptoms, rarely caused dry cavity rot in strawberry crown after wound inoculation, and never caused dry cavity rot after spray inoculation, but it did cause severe ALS symptoms after spray inoculation. However, YL19 caused more severe symptoms in strawberry crowns under both conditions. Moreover, YL19 had a single polar flagellum, while YLX21 had no flagellum. Motility and chemotaxis assays showed that YLX21 had weaker motility than YL19, which may explain why YLX21 tended to multiply in situ within the strawberry leaf rather than migrate to other tissues, causing more severe ALS symptoms and mild crown rot symptoms. Taken together, the new strain YLX21 helped us reveal critical factors underlying the pathogenicity of X. fragariae and the mechanism by which dry cavity rot in strawberry crowns forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiancheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian, China
| | - Yingqiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang W, Chen W, Chen Y, Fang S, Huang T, Chang P, Chang Y. Salmonella YqiC exerts its function through an oligomeric state. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4749. [PMID: 37555831 PMCID: PMC10503411 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein oligomerization occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo, with specific functionalities associated with different oligomeric states. The YqiC protein from Salmonella Typhimurium forms a homotrimer through its C-terminal coiled-coil domain, and the protein is closely linked to the colonization and invasion of the bacteria to the host cells. To elucidate the importance of the oligomeric state of YqiC in vivo and its relation with bacterial infection, we mutated crucial residues in YqiC's coiled-coil region and confirmed the loss of trimer formation using chemical crosslinking and size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiple angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) techniques. The yqiC-knockout strain complemented with mutant YqiC showed significantly reduced colonization and invasion of Salmonella to host cells, demonstrating the critical role of YqiC oligomerization in bacterial pathogenesis. Furthermore, we conducted a protein-protein interaction study of YqiC using a pulled-down assay coupled with mass spectrometry analysis to investigate the protein's role in bacterial virulence. The results reveal that YqiC interacts with subunits of Complex II of the electron transport chain (SdhA and SdhB) and the β-subunit of F0 F1 -ATP synthase. These interactions suggest that YqiC may modulate the energy production of Salmonella and subsequently affect the assembly of crucial virulence factors, such as flagella. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of YqiC's role in S. Typhimurium pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic targets for bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wai‐Ting Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yueh‐Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shiuh‐Bin Fang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of PharmacyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Ru Chang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lai TF, Ford RM, Huwiler SG. Advances in cellular and molecular predatory biology of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus six decades after discovery. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1168709. [PMID: 37256055 PMCID: PMC10225642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery six decades ago, the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus has sparked recent interest as a potential remedy to the antibiotic resistance crisis. Here we give a comprehensive historical overview from discovery to progressive developments in microscopy and molecular mechanisms. Research on B. bacteriovorus has moved from curiosity to a new model organism, revealing over time more details on its physiology and fascinating predatory life cycle with the help of a variety of methods. Based on recent findings in cryo-electron tomography, we recapitulate on the intricate molecular details known in the predatory life cycle including how this predator searches for its prey bacterium, to how it attaches, grows, and divides all from within the prey cell. Finally, the newly developed B. bacteriovorus progeny leave the prey cell remnants in the exit phase. While we end with some unanswered questions remaining in the field, new imaging technologies and quantitative, systematic advances will likely help to unravel them in the next decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting F. Lai
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rhian M. Ford
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Simona G. Huwiler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhuang XY, Tseng CK, Lo CJ. Live-Cell Imaging of the Assembly and Ejection Processes of the Bacterial Flagella by Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2646:35-42. [PMID: 36842104 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3060-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial flagella are molecular machines used for motility and chemotaxis. The flagellum consists of a thin extracellular helical filament as a propeller, a short hook as a universal joint, and a basal body as a rotary motor. The filament is made up of more than 20,000 flagellin molecules and can grow to several micrometers long but only 20 nanometers thick. The regulation of flagellar assembly and ejection is important for bacterial environmental adaptation. However, due to the technical difficulty to observe these nanostructures in live cells, our understanding of the flagellar growth and loss is limited. In the last three decades, the development of fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence labeling of specific cellular structure has made it possible to perform the real-time observation of bacterial flagellar assembly and ejection processes. Furthermore, flagella are not only critical for bacterial motility but also important antigens stimulating host immune responses. The complete understanding of bacterial flagellar production and ejection is valuable for understanding macromolecular self-assembly, cell adaptation, and pathogen-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zhuang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Tseng
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Lo
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lloyd CJ, Klose KE. The Vibrio Polar Flagellum: Structure and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:77-97. [PMID: 36792872 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we discuss the structure and regulation of the Vibrio flagellum and its role in the virulence of pathogenic species. We will cover some of the novel insights into the structure of this nanomachine that have recently been enabled by cryoelectron tomography. We will also highlight the recent genetic studies that have increased our understanding in flagellar synthesis specifically at the bacterial cell pole, temporal regulation of flagellar genes, and how the flagellum enables directional motility through Run-Reverse-Flick cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Lloyd
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karl E Klose
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quach NT, Loan TT, Nguyen TTA, Nguyen Vu TH, Pham QA, Chu HH, Phi QT, Thuoc DV. Phenotypic and genomic characterization provide new insights into adaptation to environmental stressors and biotechnological relevance of mangrove Alcaligenes faecalis D334. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:103994. [PMID: 36240959 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcaligenes faecalis D334 was determined in this study as a salt-tolerant bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment. In response to 6% (w/v) NaCl, strain D334 produced the highest ectoines of 14.14 wt%. To understand adaptive features to mangrove environment, strain D334 was sequenced using Pacific BioScience platform, resulting in a circular chromosome of 4.23 Mb. Of note, D334 genome harbored 81 salt-responsive genes, among which two membrane-associated genes ompc and eric were absent in 3 selected A. faecalis genomes. Apart from that, a complete pathway for ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine synthesis was predicted. To resist 40 mM H2O2, 46 genetic determinants contributing to oxidative stress response were employed. Moreover, two operons involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production were identified in the D334 genome, resulting in maximum PHA content of 5.03 ± 0.04 wt% and PHA concentration of 0.13 ± 0.001 g/L. A large flagellar biosynthesis operon contributing to swimming motility was found to be conserved in D334 and 8 other A. faecalis genomes. These findings shed light for the first time on the high versatility of A. faecalis D334 genome to adapt to mangrove lifestyle and the possibility to develop D334 as an industrial platform for PHA and 5-hydroxyectoine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tung Quach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Loan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thu An Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hanh Nguyen Vu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh Anh Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Ha Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet-Tien Phi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Doan Van Thuoc
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Honda T, Cremer J, Mancini L, Zhang Z, Pilizota T, Hwa T. Coordination of gene expression with cell size enables Escherichia coli to efficiently maintain motility across conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110342119. [PMID: 36067284 PMCID: PMC9478672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110342119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To swim and navigate, motile bacteria synthesize a complex motility machinery involving flagella, motors, and a sensory system. A myriad of studies has elucidated the molecular processes involved, but less is known about the coordination of motility expression with cellular physiology: In Escherichia coli, motility genes are strongly up-regulated in nutrient-poor conditions compared to nutrient-replete conditions; yet a quantitative link to cellular motility has not been developed. Here, we systematically investigated gene expression, swimming behavior, cell growth, and available proteomics data across a broad spectrum of exponential growth conditions. Our results suggest that cells up-regulate the expression of motility genes at slow growth to compensate for reduction in cell size, such that the number of flagella per cell is maintained across conditions. The observed four or five flagella per cell is the minimum number needed to keep the majority of cells motile. This simple regulatory objective allows E. coli cells to remain motile across a broad range of growth conditions, while keeping the biosynthetic and energetic demands to establish and drive the motility machinery at the minimum needed. Given the strong reduction in flagella synthesis resulting from cell size increases at fast growth, our findings also provide a different physiological perspective on bacterial cell size control: A larger cell size at fast growth is an efficient strategy to increase the allocation of cellular resources to the synthesis of those proteins required for biomass synthesis and growth, while maintaining processes such as motility that are only needed on a per-cell basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Honda
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- US Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jonas Cremer
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Leonardo Mancini
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongge Zhang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Teuta Pilizota
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Terence Hwa
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lazzini G, Romoli L, Fuso F. Fluid-driven bacterial accumulation in proximity of laser-textured surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112654. [PMID: 35816878 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the role of fluid in the initial phase of bacterial adhesion on textured surfaces, focusing onto the approach of the bacterial cells towards the surface. In particular, stainless steel surfaces textured via femtosecond laser interaction have been considered. The method combined a simulation routine, based on the numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equations, and the use of a theoretical model, based on the Smoluchowski's equation. Results highlighted a slowdown of the fluid velocity field in correspondence of the surface dales. In addition, a shear induced accumulation on the top of the surface protrusions was predicted for motile bacterial species, E. coli. In particular, we observed a role of the surface protrusions in increasing the range over which motile bacterial species are attracted towards the surface through a rheotactic mechanism. In other words, we found that, in certain conditions of fluid flow and textured surface morphology, surface protrusions act as a sort of "rheotactic antennas".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Lazzini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Romoli
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fuso
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Universitá di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dai F, Guo M, Shao Y, Li C. Vibrio splendidus flagellin C binds tropomodulin to induce p38 MAPK-mediated p53-dependent coelomocyte apoptosis in Echinodermata. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102091. [PMID: 35654141 PMCID: PMC9249833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical pathogen-associated molecular pattern, bacterial flagellin can bind Toll-like receptor 5 and the intracellular NAIP5 receptor component of the NLRC4 inflammasome to induce immune responses in mammals. However, these flagellin receptors are generally poorly understood in lower animal species. In this study, we found that the isolated flagellum of Vibrio splendidus AJ01 destroyed the integrity of the tissue structure of coelomocytes and promoted apoptosis in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, the novel intracellular LRR domain-containing protein tropomodulin (AjTmod) was identified as a protein that interacts with flagellin C (FliC) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.0086 ± 0.33 μM by microscale thermophoresis assay. We show that knockdown of AjTmod also depressed FliC-induced apoptosis of coelomocytes. Further functional analysis with different inhibitor treatments revealed that the interaction between AjTmod and FliC could specifically activate p38 MAPK, but not JNK or ERK MAP kinases. We demonstrate that the transcription factor p38 is then translocated into the nucleus, where it mediates the expression of p53 to induce coelomocyte apoptosis. Our findings provide the first evidence that intracellular AjTmod serves as a novel receptor of FliC and mediates p53-dependent coelomocyte apoptosis by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in Echinodermata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Keegstra JM, Carrara F, Stocker R. The ecological roles of bacterial chemotaxis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:491-504. [PMID: 35292761 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
How bacterial chemotaxis is performed is much better understood than why. Traditionally, chemotaxis has been understood as a foraging strategy by which bacteria enhance their uptake of nutrients and energy, yet it has remained puzzling why certain less nutritious compounds are strong chemoattractants and vice versa. Recently, we have gained increased understanding of alternative ecological roles of chemotaxis, such as navigational guidance in colony expansion, localization of hosts or symbiotic partners and contribution to microbial diversity by the generation of spatial segregation in bacterial communities. Although bacterial chemotaxis has been observed in a wide range of environmental settings, insights into the phenomenon are mostly based on laboratory studies of model organisms. In this Review, we highlight how observing individual and collective migratory behaviour of bacteria in different settings informs the quantification of trade-offs, including between chemotaxis and growth. We argue that systematically mapping when and where bacteria are motile, in particular by transgenerational bacterial tracking in dynamic environments and in situ approaches from guts to oceans, will open the door to understanding the rich interplay between metabolism and growth and the contribution of chemotaxis to microbial life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Carrara
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Homma M, Nishikino T, Kojima S. Achievements in bacterial flagellar research with focus on Vibrio species. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 66:75-95. [PMID: 34842307 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In 1980's, the most genes involved in the bacterial flagellar function and formation had been isolated though many of their functions or roles were not clarified. Bacterial flagella are the primary locomotive organ and are not necessary for growing in vitro but are probably essential for living in natural condition and are involved in the pathogenicity. In vitro, the flagella-deficient strains can grow at rates similar to wild-type strains. More than 50 genes are responsible for flagellar function, and the flagellum is constructed by more than 20 structural proteins. The maintenance cost of flagellum is high as several genes are required for its development. The fact that it evolved as a motor organ even with such the high cost shows that the motility is indispensable to survive under the harsh environment of Earth. In this review, we focus on flagella-related research conducted by the authors for about 40 years and flagellar research focused on Vibrio spp. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Homma
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | | | - Seiji Kojima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaplan M, Wang Y, Chreifi G, Zhang L, Chang YW, Jensen GJ. Programmed Flagellar Ejection in Caulobacter crescentus Leaves PL-subcomplexes. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167004. [PMID: 33891903 PMCID: PMC9843737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial flagellum consists of a long extracellular filament that is rotated by a motor embedded in the cell envelope. While flagellar assembly has been extensively studied,1 the disassembly process remains less well understood. In addition to the programmed flagellar ejection that occurs during the life cycle of Caulobacter crescentus, we and others have recently shown that many bacterial species lose their flagella under starvation conditions, leaving relic structures in the outer membrane.2-7 However, it remains unknown whether the programmed flagellar ejection of C. crescentus leaves similar relics or not. Here, we imaged the various stages of the C. crescentus life cycle using electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) and found that flagellar relic subcomplexes, akin to those produced in the starvation-induced process, remain as a result of flagellar ejection during cell development. This similarity suggests that the programmed flagellar ejection of C. crescentus might share a common evolutionary path with the more general, and likely more ancient,3 starvation-related flagellar loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kaplan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Georges Chreifi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; New York University-East China Normal University Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi-Wei Chang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Grant J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The bacterial flagellar motor is a complex macromolecular machine whose function and self-assembly present a fascinating puzzle for structural biologists. Here, we report that in diverse bacterial species, cell lysis leads to loss of the cytoplasmic switch complex and associated ATPase before other components of the motor. This loss may be prevented by the formation of a cytoplasmic vesicle around the complex. These observations suggest a relatively loose association of the switch complex with the rest of the flagellar machinery. IMPORTANCE We show in eight different bacterial species (belonging to different phyla) that the flagellar motor loses its cytoplasmic switch complex upon cell lysis, while the rest of the flagellum remains attached to the cell body. This suggests an evolutionary conserved weak interaction between the switch complex and the rest of the flagellum which is important to understand how the motor evolved. In addition, this information is crucial for mimicking such nanomachines in the laboratory.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pecina A, Schwan M, Blagotinsek V, Rick T, Klüber P, Leonhard T, Bange G, Thormann KM. The Stand-Alone PilZ-Domain Protein MotL Specifically Regulates the Activity of the Secondary Lateral Flagellar System in Shewanella putrefaciens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:668892. [PMID: 34140945 PMCID: PMC8203827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of bacterial species control the function of the flagellar motor in response to the levels of the secondary messenger c-di-GMP, which is often mediated by c-di-GMP-binding proteins that act as molecular brakes or clutches to slow the motor rotation. The gammaproteobacterium Shewanella putrefaciens possesses two distinct flagellar systems, the primary single polar flagellum and a secondary system with one to five lateral flagellar filaments. Here, we identified a protein, MotL, which specifically regulates the activity of the lateral, but not the polar, flagellar motors in response to the c-di-GMP levels. MotL only consists of a single PilZ domain binding c-di-GMP, which is crucial for its function. Deletion and overproduction analyses revealed that MotL slows down the lateral flagella at elevated levels of c-di-GMP, and may speed up the lateral flagellar-mediated movement at low c-di-GMP concentrations. In vitro interaction studies hint at an interaction of MotL with the C-ring of the lateral flagellar motors. This study shows a differential c-di-GMP-dependent regulation of the two flagellar systems in a single species, and implicates that PilZ domain-only proteins can also act as molecular regulators to control the flagella-mediated motility in bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pecina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Meike Schwan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vitan Blagotinsek
- Department of Chemistry, SYNMIKRO Research Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrick Klüber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tabea Leonhard
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Department of Chemistry, SYNMIKRO Research Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai M Thormann
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nishikino T, Kojima S, Homma M. [Flagellar related genes and functions in Vibrio]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2021; 75:195-214. [PMID: 33390367 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.75.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can move or swim by flagella. On the other hand, the motile ability is not necessary to live at all. In laboratory, the flagella-deficient strains can grow just like the wild-type strains. The flagellum is assembled from more than 20 structural proteins and there are more than 50 genes including the structural genes to regulate or support the flagellar formation. The cost to construct the flagellum is so expensive. The fact that it evolved as a motor organ means even at such the large cost shows that the flagellum is essential for survival in natural condition. In this review, we would like to focus on the flagella-related researches conducted by the authors and the flagellar research on Vibrio spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Michio Homma
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Milne-Davies B, Wimmi S, Diepold A. Adaptivity and dynamics in type III secretion systems. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:395-411. [PMID: 33251695 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The type III secretion system is the common core of two bacterial molecular machines: the flagellum and the injectisome. The flagellum is the most widely distributed prokaryotic locomotion device, whereas the injectisome is a syringe-like apparatus for inter-kingdom protein translocation, which is essential for virulence in important human pathogens. The successful concept of the type III secretion system has been modified for different bacterial needs. It can be adapted to changing conditions, and was found to be a dynamic complex constantly exchanging components. In this review, we highlight the flexibility, adaptivity, and dynamic nature of the type III secretion system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Milne-Davies
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wimmi
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Diepold
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhuang XY, Lo CJ. Construction and Loss of Bacterial Flagellar Filaments. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1528. [PMID: 33182435 PMCID: PMC7696725 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial flagellar filament is an extracellular tubular protein structure that acts as a propeller for bacterial swimming motility. It is connected to the membrane-anchored rotary bacterial flagellar motor through a short hook. The bacterial flagellar filament consists of approximately 20,000 flagellins and can be several micrometers long. In this article, we reviewed the experimental works and models of flagellar filament construction and the recent findings of flagellar filament ejection during the cell cycle. The length-dependent decay of flagellar filament growth data supports the injection-diffusion model. The decay of flagellar growth rate is due to reduced transportation of long-distance diffusion and jamming. However, the filament is not a permeant structure. Several bacterial species actively abandon their flagella under starvation. Flagellum is disassembled when the rod is broken, resulting in an ejection of the filament with a partial rod and hook. The inner membrane component is then diffused on the membrane before further breakdown. These new findings open a new field of bacterial macro-molecule assembly, disassembly, and signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Jung Lo
- Department of Physics and Graduate Institute of Biophysics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu S, Gao B. Bacterial Flagella Loss under Starvation. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:785-788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
20
|
Usui Y, Wakabayashi Y, Shimizu T, Tahara YO, Miyata M, Nakamura A, Ito M. A Factor Produced by Kaistia sp. 32K Accelerated the Motility of Methylobacterium sp. ME121. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040618. [PMID: 32316239 PMCID: PMC7226442 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile Methylobacterium sp. ME121 and non-motile Kaistia sp. 32K were isolated from the same soil sample. Interestingly, ME121 was significantly more motile in the coculture of ME121 and 32K than in the monoculture of ME121. This advanced motility of ME121 was also observed in the 32K culture supernatant. A swimming acceleration factor, which we named the K factor, was identified in the 32K culture supernatant, purified, characterized as an extracellular polysaccharide (5–10 kDa), and precipitated with 70% ethanol. These results suggest the possibility that the K factor was directly or indirectly sensed by the flagellar stator, accelerating the flagellar rotation of ME121. To the best of our knowledge, no reports describing an acceleration in motility due to coculture with two or more types of bacteria have been published. We propose a mechanism by which the increase in rotational force of the ME121 flagellar motor is caused by the introduction of the additional stator into the motor by the K factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Usui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (Y.U.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuu Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (Y.U.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tetsu Shimizu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, and Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; (T.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Yuhei O. Tahara
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; (Y.O.T.); (M.M.)
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyata
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; (Y.O.T.); (M.M.)
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, and Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; (T.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (Y.U.); (Y.W.)
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-273-82-9202
| |
Collapse
|