1
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Wang Q, Kawano Y. The mutual regulation between the pattern recognition receptor OsCERK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase OsCIE1 controls induction and homeostasis of immunity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00463-8. [PMID: 39004588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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2
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Lee GH, Min CW, Jang JW, Wang Y, Jeon JS, Gupta R, Kim ST. Analysis of post-translational modification dynamics unveiled novel insights into Rice responses to MSP1. J Proteomics 2023; 287:104970. [PMID: 37467888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae snodprot1 homologous protein (MSP1) is known to function as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and trigger PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in rice including induction of programmed cell death and expression of defense-related genes. The involvement of several post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the regulation of plant immune response, especially PTI, is well established, however, the information on the regulatory roles of these PTMs in response to MSP1-induced signaling is currently elusive. Here, we report the phosphoproteome, ubiquitinome, and acetylproteome to investigate the MSP1-induced PTMs alterations in MSP1 overexpressed and wild-type rice. Our analysis identified a total of 4666 PTMs-modified sites in rice leaves including 4292 phosphosites, 189 ubiquitin sites, and 185 acetylation sites. Among these, the PTM status of 437 phosphorylated, 53 ubiquitinated, and 68 acetylated peptides was significantly changed by MSP1. Functional annotation of MSP1 modulated peptides by MapMan analysis revealed that these were majorly associated with cellular immune responses including signaling, transcription factors, DNA and RNA regulation, and protein metabolism, among others. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into post-translational mediated regulation of rice proteins in response to M. oryzae secreted PAMP which help in understanding the molecular mechanism of MSP1-induced signaling in rice in greater detail. SIGNIFICANCE: The research investigates the effect of overexpression of MSP1 protein in rice leaves on the phosphoproteome, acetylome, and ubiquitinome. The study found that MSP1 is involved in rice protein phosphorylation, particularly in signaling pathways, and identified a key component, PTAC16, in MSP1-induced signaling. The analysis also revealed MSP1's role in protein degradation and modification by inducing ubiquitination of the target rice proteins. The research identified potential kinases involved in the phosphorylation of rice proteins, including casein kinase II, 14-3-3 domain binding motif, β-adrenergic receptor kinase, ERK1,2 kinase substrate motif, and casein kinase I motifs. Overall, the findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying of MSP1 induced signaling in rice which may have implications for improving crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea.
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea.
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3
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Sharma S, Prasad A, Prasad M. Ubiquitination from the perspective of plant pathogens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4367-4376. [PMID: 37226440 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The constant battle of survival between pathogens and host plants has played a crucial role in shaping the course of their co-evolution. However, the major determinants of the outcome of this ongoing arms race are the effectors secreted by pathogens into host cells. These effectors perturb the defense responses of plants to promote successful infection. In recent years, extensive research in the area of effector biology has reported an increase in the repertoire of pathogenic effectors that mimic or target the conserved ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The role of the ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathway is well known to be indispensable for various aspects of a plant's life, and thus targeting or mimicking it seems to be a smart strategy adopted by pathogens. Therefore, this review summarizes recent findings on how some pathogenic effectors mimic or act as one of the components of the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery while others directly target the plant's ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Prasad
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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4
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Liang Y, Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhou X, Qian Y. The RING-Finger Protein NbRFP1 Contributes to Regulating the Host Hypersensitive Response Induced by Oat Dwarf Virus RepA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097697. [PMID: 37175403 PMCID: PMC10178201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study identified that the RepA protein encoded by the oat dwarf virus (ODV) was responsible for inducing a strong hypersensitive response (HR) during the virus infection in non-host tobacco plants. However, little was known about the molecular mechanism of the RepA-elicited HR. Here, a RING-finger protein, which is described as NbRFP1 and is mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus in Nicotiana benthamiana cells, was confirmed to interact with RepA. In addition, the accumulation level of NbRFP1 in N. benthamiana leaves was enhanced by either ODV infection or by only RepA expression. The knockdown of NbRFP1 by a TRV-mediated virus-induced gene silencing markedly delayed the ODV or RepA-elicited HR. By contrast, the overexpression of NbRFP1 in N. benthamiana conferred enhanced resistance to ODV infection and promoted RepA-induced HR. Further mutation analysis showed that a RING-finger domain located in NbRFP1 plays important roles in modulating RepA-induced HR, as well as in mediating the interaction between NbRFP1 and RepA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yajuan Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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5
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Wang N, Yin Z, Zhao Y, Wang J, Pei Y, Ji P, Daly P, Li Z, Dou D, Wei L. An F-box protein attenuates fungal xylanase-triggered immunity by destabilizing LRR-RLP NbEIX2 in a SOBIR1-dependent manner. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2202-2215. [PMID: 36151918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) lacking the cytoplasmic kinase domain play crucial roles in plant growth, development and immunity. However, what remains largely elusive is whether RLP protein levels are fine-tuned by E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are employed by receptor-like kinases for signaling attenuation. Nicotiana benthamiana NbEIX2 is a leucine-rich repeat RLP (LRR-RLP) that mediates fungal xylanase-triggered immunity. Here we show that NbEIX2 associates with an F-box protein NbPFB1, which promotes NbEIX2 degradation likely by forming an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and negatively regulates NbEIX2-mediated immune responses. NbEIX2 undergoes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in planta. Interestingly, NbEIX2 without its cytoplasmic tail is still associated with and destabilized by NbPFB1. In addition, NbPFB1 also associates with and destabilizes NbSOBIR1, a co-receptor of LRR-RLPs, and fails to promote NbEIX2 degradation in the sobir1 mutant. Our findings reveal a distinct model of NbEIX2 degradation, in which an F-box protein destabilizes NbEIX2 indirectly in a SOBIR1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Pei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyun Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul Daly
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, 223300, Huaian, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
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6
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Tian A, Yu H, Cui Z. Functional characterization of E3 ubiquity ligase Bra015092 in pollen development of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13808. [PMID: 36309851 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development plays an important role in the sexual reproduction of seed-type plants. Ubiquitination of proteins is an essential link in the post-translational modification of proteins. E3 ubiquity ligase is a key protein that recognizes substrates in the protein ubiquitination pathway. The hybrid line "Bcajh97-01A/B" of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis) was used as test material. The gene Bra015092, with a size of 642 bp, was amplified. Semi-quantitative (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques were utilized to analyze the expression of Bra015092 in the dual-purpose line of Chinese cabbage. It was found that Bra015092 had a higher expression level in inflorescence. Subcellular localization analysis showed that Bra015092 and GFP fusion expression protein widely exist in tobacco epidermal cells. Bra015092 was transformed into "Youqing49" cabbage to obtain Bra015092OE overexpressing transgenic lines. The morphological observation of Bra015092OE plants showed that the pollen of BcMF29OE plants became deformed and inactive, and the vegetative and reproductive nuclei were abnormally developed. The in vitro germination experiments showed that about 24.5% of the pollen in Bra015092OE plants could not germinate. The results of the semi-thin section showed that the pollen development of Bra015092OE plants was abnormal at the stage of binuclear pollen grains. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the pollen grains of Bra015092OE plants gradually degraded from the binuclear to the trinucleate pollen grain stage, and the pollen inner wall was abnormally developed, indicating that Bra015092 plays a major role in the process of pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Tian
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyue Cui
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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7
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Analyses of Lysin-motif Receptor-like Kinase ( LysM-RLK) Gene Family in Allotetraploid Brassica napus L. and Its Progenitor Species: An In Silico Study. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010037. [PMID: 35011598 PMCID: PMC8750388 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The LysM receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) play a crucial role in plant symbiosis and response to environmental stresses. Brassica napus, B. rapa, and B. oleracea are utilized as valuable vegetables. Different biotic and abiotic stressors affect these crops, resulting in yield losses. Therefore, genome-wide analysis of the LysM-RLK gene family was conducted. From the genome of the examined species, 33 LysM-RLK have been found. The conserved domains of Brassica LysM-RLKs were divided into three groups: LYK, LYP, and LysMn. In the BrassicaLysM-RLK gene family, only segmental duplication has occurred. The Ka/Ks ratio for the duplicated pair of genes was less than one indicating that the genes’ function had not changed over time. The BrassicaLysM-RLKs contain 70 cis-elements, indicating that they are involved in stress response. 39 miRNA molecules were responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of 12 Brassica LysM-RLKs. A total of 22 SSR loci were discovered in 16 Brassica LysM-RLKs. According to RNA-seq data, the highest expression in response to biotic stresses was related to BnLYP6. According to the docking simulations, several residues in the active sites of BnLYP6 are in direct contact with the docked chitin and could be useful in future studies to develop pathogen-resistant B. napus. This research reveals comprehensive information that could lead to the identification of potential genes for Brassica species genetic manipulation.
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8
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Kong L, Rodrigues B, Kim JH, He P, Shan L. More than an on-and-off switch: Post-translational modifications of plant pattern recognition receptor complexes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102051. [PMID: 34022608 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by cell surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) constitutes a core process in launching a successful immune response. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in delineating the mechanisms of PRR-mediated plant immunity. As the frontline of defense, the homeostasis, activities, and subcellular dynamics of PRR and associated regulators are subjected to tight regulations. The layered protein post-translational modifications, particularly the intertwined phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of PRR complexes, play a central role in regulating PRR signaling outputs and plant immune responses. This review provides an update about the PRR complex regulation by various post-translational modifications and discusses how protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation act in concert to ensure a rapid, proper, and robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Barbara Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jun Hyeok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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9
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Hu SP, Li JJ, Dhar N, Li JP, Chen JY, Jian W, Dai XF, Yang XY. Lysin Motif (LysM) Proteins: Interlinking Manipulation of Plant Immunity and Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063114. [PMID: 33803725 PMCID: PMC8003243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins with lysin motif (LysM) are carbohydrate-binding protein modules that play a critical role in the host-pathogen interactions. The plant LysM proteins mostly function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense chitin to induce the plant's immunity. In contrast, fungal LysM blocks chitin sensing or signaling to inhibit chitin-induced host immunity. In this review, we provide historical perspectives on plant and fungal LysMs to demonstrate how these proteins are involved in the regulation of plant's immune response by microbes. Plants employ LysM proteins to recognize fungal chitins that are then degraded by plant chitinases to induce immunity. In contrast, fungal pathogens recruit LysM proteins to protect their cell wall from hydrolysis by plant chitinase to prevent activation of chitin-induced immunity. Uncovering this coevolutionary arms race in which LysM plays a pivotal role in manipulating facilitates a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing plant-fungus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Jun-Jiao Li
- c/o State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
| | - Jun-Peng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- c/o State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Wei Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- c/o State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.-F.D.); (X.-Y.Y.)
| | - Xing-Yong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence: (X.-F.D.); (X.-Y.Y.)
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10
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Sustained Incompatibility between MAPK Signaling and Pathogen Effectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217954. [PMID: 33114762 PMCID: PMC7672596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are important signaling components involved in developemental processes as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on the roles of MAPKs in Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI), a specific layer of plant defense responses dependent on the recognition of pathogen effector proteins. Having inspected the literature, we synthesize the current state of knowledge concerning this topic. First, we describe how pathogen effectors can manipulate MAPK signaling to promote virulence, and how in parallel plants have developed mechanisms to protect themselves against these interferences. Then, we discuss the striking finding that the recognition of pathogen effectors can provoke a sustained activation of the MAPKs MPK3/6, extensively analyzing its implications in terms of regulation and functions. In line with this, we also address the question of how a durable activation of MAPKs might affect the scope of their substrates, and thereby mediate the emergence of possibly new ETI-specific responses. By highlighting the sometimes conflicting or missing data, our intention is to spur further research in order to both consolidate and expand our understanding of MAPK signaling in immunity.
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11
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Linden KJ, Callis J. The ubiquitin system affects agronomic plant traits. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13940-13955. [PMID: 32796036 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a single vascular plant species, the ubiquitin system consists of thousands of different proteins involved in attaching ubiquitin to substrates, recognizing or processing ubiquitinated proteins, or constituting or regulating the 26S proteasome. The ubiquitin system affects plant health, reproduction, and responses to the environment, processes that impact important agronomic traits. Here we summarize three agronomic traits influenced by ubiquitination: induction of flowering, seed size, and pathogen responses. Specifically, we review how the ubiquitin system affects expression of genes or abundance of proteins important for determining when a plant flowers (focusing on FLOWERING LOCUS C, FRIGIDA, and CONSTANS), highlight some recent studies on how seed size is affected by the ubiquitin system, and discuss how the ubiquitin system affects proteins involved in pathogen or effector recognition with details of recent studies on FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 and SUPPRESSOR OF NPR CONSTITUTIVE 1, respectively, as examples. Finally, we discuss the effects of pathogen-derived proteins on plant host ubiquitin system proteins. Further understanding of the molecular basis of the above processes could identify possible genes for modification or selection for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Linden
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Judy Callis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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12
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Wang W, Feng B, Zhou JM, Tang D. Plant immune signaling: Advancing on two frontiers. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:2-24. [PMID: 31846204 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant immune signaling that relies on cell-surface localized and intracellular receptors takes fundamental roles. Exciting breakthroughs were made recently on the signaling mechanisms of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain receptors (NLRs). This review summarizes the current view of PRRs activation, emphasizing the most recent discoveries about PRRs' dynamic regulation and signaling mechanisms directly leading to downstream molecular events including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and calcium (Ca2+ ) burst. Plants also have evolved intracellular NLRs to perceive the presence of specific pathogen effectors and trigger more robust immune responses. We also discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of NLR activation, which has been greatly advanced by recent breakthroughs including structures of the first full-length plant NLR complex, findings of NLR sensor-helper pairs and novel biochemical activity of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baomin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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13
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Desaki Y, Takahashi S, Sato K, Maeda K, Matsui S, Yoshimi I, Miura T, Jumonji JI, Takeda J, Yashima K, Kohari M, Suenaga T, Terada H, Narisawa T, Shimizu T, Yumoto E, Miyamoto K, Narusaka M, Narusaka Y, Kaku H, Shibuya N. PUB4, a CERK1-Interacting Ubiquitin Ligase, Positively Regulates MAMP-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2573-2583. [PMID: 31368495 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lysin motif (LysM) receptor-like kinase CERK1 is a co-receptor essential for plant immune responses against carbohydrate microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Concerning the immediate downstream signaling components of CERK1, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases such as PBL27 and other RLCK VII members have been reported to regulate immune responses positively. In this study, we report that a novel CERK1-interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase, PUB4, is also involved in the regulation of MAMP-triggered immune responses. Knockout of PUB4 resulted in the alteration of chitin-induced defense responses, indicating that PUB4 positively regulates reactive oxygen species generation and callose deposition but negatively regulates MAPK activation and defense gene expression. On the other hand, detailed analyses of a double knockout mutant of pub4 and sid2, a mutant of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis pathway, showed that the contradictory phenotype of the pub4 mutant was actually caused by abnormal accumulation of SA in this mutant and that PUB4 is a positive regulator of immune responses. The present and recent findings on the role of PUB4 indicate that PUB4 is a unique E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the regulation of both plant immunity and growth/development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Desaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Takahashi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenta Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanako Maeda
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saki Matsui
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikuya Yoshimi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaki Miura
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Jumonji
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Yashima
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Kohari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suenaga
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Terada
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Narisawa
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimizu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Emi Yumoto
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mari Narusaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Narusaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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14
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Ekanayake G, LaMontagne ED, Heese A. Never Walk Alone: Clathrin-Coated Vesicle (CCV) Components in Plant Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:387-409. [PMID: 31386597 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
At the host-pathogen interface, the protein composition of the plasma membrane (PM) has important implications for how a plant cell perceives and responds to invading microbial pathogens. A plant's ability to modulate its PM composition is critical for regulating the strength, duration, and integration of immune responses. One mechanism by which plant cells reprogram their cell surface is vesicular trafficking, including secretion and endocytosis. These trafficking processes add or remove cargo proteins (such as pattern-recognition receptors, transporters, and other proteins with immune functions) to or from the PM via small, membrane-bound vesicles. Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) that form at the PM and trans-Golgi network/early endosomes have emerged as the prominent vesicle type in the regulation of plant immune responses. In this review, we discuss the roles of the CCV core, adaptors, and accessory components in plant defense signaling and immunity against various microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Ekanayake
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
| | - Erica D LaMontagne
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
| | - Antje Heese
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
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15
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Wan WL, Fröhlich K, Pruitt RN, Nürnberger T, Zhang L. Plant cell surface immune receptor complex signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:18-28. [PMID: 30878771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane pattern recognition receptors are key to microbe sensing and activation of immunity to microbial invasion. Plants employ several types of such receptors that differ mainly in the structure of their ectodomains and the presence or absence of a cytoplasmic protein kinase domain. Plant immune receptors do not function as single entities, but form larger complexes which undergo compositional changes in a ligand-dependent manner. Here, we highlight current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying receptor complex dynamics and regulation, and cover early signaling networks implicated in the activation of generic plant immune responses. We further discuss how an increasingly comprehensive set of immune receptors may be employed to engineer crop plants with enhanced, durable resistance to microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Wan
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Fröhlich
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rory N Pruitt
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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16
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Bai P, Park C, Shirsekar G, Songkumarn P, Bellizzi M, Wang G. Role of lysine residues of the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AvrPiz-t in effector- and PAMP-triggered immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:599-608. [PMID: 30548752 PMCID: PMC6637882 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is an important fungal pathogen of both rice and wheat. However, how M. oryzae effectors modulate plant immunity is not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that the M. oryzae effector AvrPiz-t targets the host ubiquitin-proteasome system to manipulate plant defence. In return, two rice ubiquitin E3 ligases, APIP6 and APIP10, ubiquitinate AvrPiz-t for degradation. To determine how lysine residues contribute to the stability and function of AvrPiz-t, we generated double (K1,2R-AvrPiz-t), triple (K1,2,3R-AvrPiz-t) and lysine-free (LF-AvrPiz-t) mutants by mutating lysines into arginines in AvrPiz-t. LF-AvrPiz-t showed the highest protein accumulation when transiently expressed in rice protoplasts. When co-expressed with APIP10 in Nicotiana benthamiana, LF-AvrPiz-t was more stable than AvrPiz-t and was less able to degrade APIP10. The avirulence of LF-AvrPiz-t on Piz-t:HA plants was less than that of AvrPiz-t, which led to resistance reduction and lower accumulation of the Piz-t:HA protein after inoculation with the LF-AvrPiz-t-carrying isolate. Chitin- and flg22-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was higher in LF-AvrPiz-t than in AvrPiz-t transgenic plants. In addition, LF-AvrPiz-t transgenic plants were less susceptible than AvrPiz-t transgenic plants to a virulent isolate. Furthermore, both AvrPiz-t and LF-AvrPiz-t interacted with OsRac1, but the suppression of OsRac1-mediated ROS generation by LF-AvrPiz-t was significantly lower than that by AvrPiz-t. Together, these results suggest that the lysine residues of AvrPiz-t are required for its avirulence and virulence functions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Bai
- Department of Plant PathologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOH43210
| | - Chan‐Ho Park
- Department of Plant PathologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOH43210
| | - Gautam Shirsekar
- Department of Plant PathologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOH43210
| | | | - Maria Bellizzi
- Department of Plant PathologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOH43210
| | - Guo‐Liang Wang
- Department of Plant PathologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOH43210
- State Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
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17
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Huang YY, Zhang LL, Ma XF, Zhao ZX, Zhao JH, Zhao JQ, Fan J, Li Y, He P, Xiao S, Wang WM. Multiple intramolecular trafficking signals in RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 are engaged in activation of cell death and defense. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:55-70. [PMID: 30552775 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) is a host-derived interfacial membrane encasing the haustorium of powdery mildew fungi. Arabidopsis thaliana RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 (RPW8.2) is specifically targeted to the EHM via two EHM-targeting signals. Here, we demonstrate that proper coordination between the trafficking forces engaged via the EHM-targeting signals and the nuclear localization signals (NLSs), as well as the nuclear export signals (NESs), in RPW8.2 is critical for the activation of cell death and defense. We show that in the absence of pathogens, RPW8.2 is partitioned between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and turned over via both the 26S proteasome- and the vacuole-dependent pathways. Enhanced cytoplasmic localization of RPW8.2 by tagging it with a NES led to lethal cell death. By contrast, enhanced nuclear localization of RPW8.2 by adding an NLS to it resulted in resistance to powdery mildew. Whereas expression of the NES-containing C-terminal domain of RPW8.2 in the cytoplasm is sufficient to trigger cell death, no such cell death-inducing activity is found with RPW8.2 variants that contain the two EHM-targeting signals along with the NES-containing C-terminal domain. In addition, we present evidence for the involvement of a leaf senescence pathway in RPW8.2-mediated cell death and defense. Taken together, our data suggest that RPW8.2 is subject to adjustment by distinct and perhaps coordinated mechanisms for its localization and function via interaction with the multiple intramolecular trafficking signals, which should provide further insights into RPW8.2-activated, EHM-focused resistance against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Huang
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhang
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xian-Feng Ma
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology Research, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing-Hao Zhao
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ji-Qun Zhao
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology Research, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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18
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Chakraborty J, Ghosh P, Das S. Autoimmunity in plants. PLANTA 2018; 248:751-767. [PMID: 30046903 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Attenuation in the activity of the negative regulators or the hyperactivity of plant innate immune receptors often causes ectopic defense activation manifested in severe growth retardation and spontaneous lesion formations, referred to as autoimmunity. In this review, we have described the cellular and molecular basis of the development of autoimmune responses for their useful applications in plant defense. Plants are exposed to diverse disease-causing pathogens, which bring infections by taking over the control on host immune machineries. To counter the challenges of evolving pathogenic races, plants recruit specific types of intracellular immune receptors that mostly belong to the family of polymorphic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. Upon recognition of effector molecules, NLR triggers hyperimmune signaling, which culminates in the form of a typical programmed cell death, designated hypersensitive response. Besides, few plant NLRs also guard certain host proteins known as 'guardee' that are modified by effector proteins. However, this fine-tuned innate immune system can be lopsided upon knock-out of the alleles that correspond to the host guardees, which mimick the presence of pathogen. The absence of pathogens causes inappropriate activation of the respective NLRs and results in the constitutive activation of plant defense and exhibiting autoimmunity. In plants, autoimmune mutants are readily scorable due to their dwarf phenotype and development of characteristic macroscopic disease lesions. Here, we summarize recent reports on autoimmune response in plants, how it is triggered, and phenotypic consequences associated with this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Chakraborty
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Prithwi Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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19
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Zhang G, Hua Z. Genome comparison implies the role of Wsm2 in membrane trafficking and protein degradation. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4678. [PMID: 29707435 PMCID: PMC5918131 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes streak mosaic disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and has been an important constraint limiting wheat production in many regions around the world. Wsm2 is the only resistance gene discovered in wheat genome and has been located in a short genomic region of its chromosome 3B. However, the sequence nature and the biological function of Wsm2 remain unknown due to the difficulty of genetic manipulation in wheat. In this study, we tested WSMV infectivity among wheat and its two closely related grass species, rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon. Based on the phenotypic result and previous genomic studies, we developed a novel bioinformatics pipeline for interpreting a potential biological function of Wsm2 and its ancestor locus in wheat. In the WSMV resistance tests, we found that rice has a WMSV resistance gene while Brachypodium does not, which allowed us to hypothesize the presence of a Wsm2 ortholog in rice. Our OrthoMCL analysis of protein coding genes on wheat chromosome 3B and its syntenic chromosomes in rice and Brachypodium discovered 4,035 OrthoMCL groups as preliminary candidates of Wsm2 orthologs. Given that Wsm2 is likely duplicated through an intrachromosomal illegitimate recombination and that Wsm2 is dominant, we inferred that this new WSMV-resistance gene acquired an activation domain, lost an inhibition domain, or gained high expression compared to its ancestor locus. Through comparison, we identified that 67, 16, and 10 out of 4,035 OrthoMCL orthologous groups contain a rice member with 25% shorter or longer in length, or 10 fold more expression, respectively, than those from wheat and Brachypodium. Taken together, we predicted a total of 93 good candidates for a Wsm2 ancestor locus. All of these 93 candidates are not tightly linked with Wsm2, indicative of the role of illegitimate recombination in the birth of Wsm2. Further sequence analysis suggests that the protein products of Wsm2 may combat WSMV disease through a molecular mechanism involving protein degradation and/or membrane trafficking. The 93 putative Wsm2 ancestor loci discovered in this study could serve as good candidates for future genetic isolation of the true Wsm2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Zhang
- Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS, United States of America
| | - Zhihua Hua
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America.,Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
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20
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Islam W, Noman A, Qasim M, Wang L. Plant Responses to Pathogen Attack: Small RNAs in Focus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E515. [PMID: 29419801 PMCID: PMC5855737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNA) are a significant group of gene expression regulators for multiple biological processes in eukaryotes. In plants, many sRNA silencing pathways produce extensive array of sRNAs with specialized roles. The evidence on record advocates for the functions of sRNAs during plant microbe interactions. Host sRNAs are reckoned as mandatory elements of plant defense. sRNAs involved in plant defense processes via different pathways include both short interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) that actively regulate immunity in response to pathogenic attack via tackling pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other effectors. In response to pathogen attack, plants protect themselves with the help of sRNA-dependent immune systems. That sRNA-mediated plant defense responses play a role during infections is an established fact. However, the regulations of several sRNAs still need extensive research. In this review, we discussed the topical advancements and findings relevant to pathogen attack and plant defense mediated by sRNAs. We attempted to point out diverse sRNAs as key defenders in plant systems. It is hoped that sRNAs would be exploited as a mainstream player to achieve food security by tackling different plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Liande Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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21
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Serrano I, Campos L, Rivas S. Roles of E3 Ubiquitin-Ligases in Nuclear Protein Homeostasis during Plant Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:139. [PMID: 29472944 PMCID: PMC5809434 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, the reversible protein conjugation with ubiquitin (Ub), is a post-translational modification that enables rapid and specific cellular responses to stimuli without requirement of de novo protein synthesis. Although ubiquitination also displays non-proteolytic functions, it often acts as a signal for selective protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In plants, it has become increasingly apparent that the UPS is a central regulator of many key cellular and physiological processes, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the nucleus, protein regulation via the UPS orchestrates gene expression, genome maintenance, and signal transduction. Here, we focus on E3 Ub-ligase proteins as major components of the ubiquitination cascade that confer specificity of substrate recognition. We provide an overview on how they contribute to nuclear proteome plasticity during plant responses to environmental stress signals.
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22
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Büttner D. Behind the lines-actions of bacterial type III effector proteins in plant cells. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 40:894-937. [PMID: 28201715 PMCID: PMC5091034 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III effectors modulate plant cellular pathways to the benefit of the pathogen and promote bacterial multiplication. One major virulence function of type III effectors is the suppression of plant innate immunity, which is triggered upon recognition of pathogen-derived molecular patterns by plant receptor proteins. Type III effectors also interfere with additional plant cellular processes including proteasome-dependent protein degradation, phytohormone signaling, the formation of the cytoskeleton, vesicle transport and gene expression. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular functions of type III effector proteins with known plant target molecules. Furthermore, plant defense strategies for the detection of effector protein activities or effector-triggered alterations in plant targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Büttner
- Genetics Department, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Zhou B, Zeng L. Conventional and unconventional ubiquitination in plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:1313-1330. [PMID: 27925369 PMCID: PMC6638253 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most abundant types of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in plant cells. The importance of ubiquitination in the regulation of many aspects of plant immunity has been increasingly appreciated in recent years. Most of the studies linking ubiquitination to the plant immune system, however, have been focused on the E3 ubiquitin ligases and the conventional ubiquitination that leads to the degradation of the substrate proteins by the 26S proteasome. By contrast, our knowledge about the role of unconventional ubiquitination that often serves as non-degradative, regulatory signal remains a significant gap. We discuss, in this review, the recent advances in our understanding of ubiquitination in the modulation of plant immunity, with a particular focus on the E3 ubiquitin ligases. We approach the topic from a perspective of two broadly defined types of ubiquitination in an attempt to highlight the importance, yet current scarcity, in our knowledge about the regulation of plant immunity by unconventional ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjun Zhou
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNE68583USA
| | - Lirong Zeng
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNE68583USA
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil CropsHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
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24
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Burkart RC, Stahl Y. Dynamic complexity: plant receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:15-21. [PMID: 28715768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor complexes at the cell surface perceive many different external and internal signalling molecules and relay these signals into the cell to regulate development, growth and immunity. Recent progress in the analyses of receptor complexes using different live cell imaging approaches have shown that receptor complex formation and composition are dynamic and take place at specific microdomains at the plasma membrane. In this review we focus on three prominent examples of Arabidopsis thaliana receptor complexes and how their dynamic spatio-temporal distribution at the PM has been studied recently. We will elaborate on the newly emerging concept of plasma membrane microdomains as potential hubs for specific receptor complex assembly and signalling outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Burkart
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Yamaguchi K, Mezaki H, Fujiwara M, Hara Y, Kawasaki T. Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligase PUB12 interacts with and negatively regulates Chitin Elicitor Receptor Kinase 1 (CERK1). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188886. [PMID: 29182677 PMCID: PMC5705137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, fungal chitin is recognized as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) by the chitin receptor complex containing the lysin-motif (LysM) receptor-like kinases CERK1 and LYK5. Upon the perception of chitin, CERK1 phosphorylates the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, PBL27, which activates the intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. However, the mechanisms by which the CERK1-PBL27 complex is regulated remain largely unknown. We identified ubiquitin ligase PUB12 as a component of the PBL27 complex using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. However, PUB12 did not interact directly with PBL27. Instead, the ARM domains of PUB12 and its paralog PUB13 interacted with the intracellular domain of CERK1 in a manner that was dependent on its autophosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation-based auto-activation of CERK1 may be required for its interaction with PUB12. The co-expression of PUB12 in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced the accumulation of CERK1. The pub12 pub13 mutant exhibited enhanced chitin-induced immune responses such as ROS production, MAPK activation, and callose deposition. These results suggest that PUB12 and PUB13 are involved in the negative regulation of the chitin receptor complex, which may contribute to the transient desensitization of chitin-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mezaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuki Hara
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawasaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
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26
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You Q, Zhai K, Yang D, Yang W, Wu J, Liu J, Pan W, Wang J, Zhu X, Jian Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Li Q, Lou Y, Xie Q, He Z. An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase-BAG Protein Module Controls Plant Innate Immunity and Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 20:758-769. [PMID: 27978435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) and immunity in plants are tightly controlled to promote antimicrobial defense while preventing autoimmunity. However, the mechanisms contributing to this immune homeostasis are poorly understood. Here, we isolated a rice mutant ebr1 (enhanced blight and blast resistance 1) that shows enhanced broad-spectrum bacterial and fungal disease resistance, but displays spontaneous PCD, autoimmunity, and stunted growth. EBR1 encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with OsBAG4, which belongs to the BAG (Bcl-2-associated athanogene) family that functions in cell death, growth arrest, and immune responses in mammals. EBR1 directly targets OsBAG4 for ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Elevated levels of OsBAG4 in rice are necessary and sufficient to trigger PCD and enhanced disease resistance to pathogenic infection, most likely by activating pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI). Together, our study suggests that an E3-BAG module orchestrates innate immune homeostasis and coordinates the trade-off between defense and growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyuan You
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keran Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Donglei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingni Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Pan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yikun Jian
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Li B, Meng X, Shan L, He P. Transcriptional Regulation of Pattern-Triggered Immunity in Plants. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 19:641-50. [PMID: 27173932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by cell-surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces rapid, robust, and selective transcriptional reprogramming, which is central for launching effective pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Signal relay from PRR complexes to the nuclear transcriptional machinery via intracellular kinase cascades rapidly activates primary immune response genes. The coordinated action of gene-specific transcription factors and the general transcriptional machinery contribute to the selectivity of immune gene activation. In addition, PRR complexes and signaling components are often transcriptionally upregulated upon MAMP perception to ensure the robustness and sustainability of PTI outputs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in deciphering the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms that coordinately lead to timely and accurate MAMP-induced gene expression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiangzong Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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28
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Ranf S. Sensing of molecular patterns through cell surface immune receptors. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 38:68-77. [PMID: 28501024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sensing of Pathogen/Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) and host-derived Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) by host cell surface Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) activates Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). The identification of an increasing number of immunogenic patterns and PRRs illustrates that PTI is a universal defence mechanism against pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants, and that evolutionary selective pressure drives diversification of molecular patterns and diversity of PRRs. Further advances unravelled how some prototypical PRRs get activated to initiate metabolic adaptation and defence responses that stop invaders. Deeper insights into the repertoire of PRRs will reveal how plants manage to mount appropriate defence against diverse kinds of invaders and how we can biotechnologically exploit nature's design for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ranf
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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29
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Zhou B, Mural RV, Chen X, Oates ME, Connor RA, Martin GB, Gough J, Zeng L. A Subset of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes Is Essential for Plant Immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1371-1390. [PMID: 27909045 PMCID: PMC5291023 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Of the three classes of enzymes involved in ubiquitination, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2) have been often incorrectly considered to play merely an auxiliary role in the process, and few E2 enzymes have been investigated in plants. To reveal the role of E2 in plant innate immunity, we identified and cloned 40 tomato genes encoding ubiquitin E2 proteins. Thioester assays indicated that the majority of the genes encode enzymatically active E2. Phylogenetic analysis classified the 40 tomato E2 enzymes into 13 groups, of which members of group III were found to interact and act specifically with AvrPtoB, a Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato effector that uses its ubiquitin ligase (E3) activity to suppress host immunity. Knocking down the expression of group III E2 genes in Nicotiana benthamiana diminished the AvrPtoB-promoted degradation of the Fen kinase and the AvrPtoB suppression of host immunity-associated programmed cell death. Importantly, silencing group III E2 genes also resulted in reduced pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). By contrast, programmed cell death induced by several effector-triggered immunity elicitors was not affected on group III-silenced plants. Functional characterization suggested redundancy among group III members for their role in the suppression of plant immunity by AvrPtoB and in PTI and identified UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING11 (UBC11), UBC28, UBC29, UBC39, and UBC40 as playing a more significant role in PTI than other group III members. Our work builds a foundation for the further characterization of E2s in plant immunity and reveals that AvrPtoB has evolved a strategy for suppressing host immunity that is difficult for the plant to thwart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjun Zhou
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.)
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.)
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
| | - Ravi V Mural
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.)
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.)
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
| | - Xuanyang Chen
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.)
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.)
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
| | - Matt E Oates
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.)
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.)
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
| | - Richard A Connor
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.)
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.)
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
| | - Gregory B Martin
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.)
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.)
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
| | - Julian Gough
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.)
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.)
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
| | - Lirong Zeng
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (B.Z., L.Z.);
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 (B.Z., R.V.M., X.C., R.A.C., L.Z.);
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom (M.E.O., J.G.);
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.); and
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (L.Z.)
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30
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Wang T, Chang C, Gu C, Tang S, Xie Q, Shen QH. An E3 Ligase Affects the NLR Receptor Stability and Immunity to Powdery Mildew. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:2504-2515. [PMID: 27780896 PMCID: PMC5129731 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Following the detection of pathogen cognate effectors, plant Nod-like receptors (NLRs) trigger isolate-specific immunity that is generally associated with cell death. The regulation of NLR stability is important to ensure effective immunity. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), the allelic Mildew locus A (MLA) receptors mediate isolate-specific disease resistance against powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). Currently, how MLA stability is controlled remains unknown. Here, we identified an MLA-interacting RING-type E3 ligase, MIR1, that interacts with several MLAs. We showed that the carboxyl-terminal TPR domain of MIR1 mediates the interaction with the coiled-coil domain-containing region of functional MLAs, such as MLA1, MLA6, and MLA10, but not with that of the nonfunctional MLA18-1. MIR1 can ubiquitinate the amino-terminal region of MLAs in vitro and promotes the proteasomal degradation of MLAs in vitro and in planta. Both proteasome inhibitor treatment and virus-induced gene silencing-mediated MIR1 silencing significantly increased MLA abundance in barley transgenic lines. Furthermore, overexpression of MIR1 specifically compromised MLA-mediated disease resistance in barley, while coexpression of MIR1 and MLA10 attenuated MLA10-induced cell death signaling in Nicotiana benthamiana Together, our data reveal a mechanism for the control of the stability of MLA immune receptors and for the attenuation of MLA-triggered defense signaling by a RING-type E3 ligase via the ubiquitin proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (T.W., C.C., C.G., Q.-H.S.) and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (S.T., Q.X.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (T.W., C.C., C.G., Q.-H.S.) and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (S.T., Q.X.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (T.W., C.C., C.G., Q.-H.S.) and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (S.T., Q.X.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (T.W., C.C., C.G., Q.-H.S.) and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (S.T., Q.X.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (T.W., C.C., C.G., Q.-H.S.) and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (S.T., Q.X.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian-Hua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (T.W., C.C., C.G., Q.-H.S.) and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (S.T., Q.X.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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31
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Li L, Yu Y, Zhou Z, Zhou JM. Plant pattern-recognition receptors controlling innate immunity. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:878-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Miniussi M, Del Terra L, Savi T, Pallavicini A, Nardini A. Aquaporins in Coffea arabica L.: Identification, expression, and impacts on plant water relations and hydraulics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 95:92-102. [PMID: 26241904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) are involved in the transport of water and other small solutes across cell membranes, and thus play major roles in the regulation of plant water balance, as well as in growth regulation and response to abiotic stress factors. Limited information is currently available about the presence and role of AQPs in Coffea arabica L., despite the economic importance of the species and its vulnerability to drought stress. We identified candidate AQP genes by screening a proprietary C. arabica transcriptome database, resulting in the identification of nine putative aquaporins. A phylogenetic analysis based on previously characterized AQPs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum tuberosum allowed to assign the putative coffee AQP sequences to the Tonoplast (TIP) and Plasma membrane (PIP) subfamilies. The possible functional role of coffee AQPs was explored by measuring hydraulic conductance and aquaporin gene expression on leaf and root tissues of two-year-old plants (C. arabica cv. Pacamara) subjected to different experimental conditions. In a first experiment, we tested plants for root and leaf hydraulic conductance both before dawn and at mid-day, to check the eventual impact of light on AQP activity and plant hydraulics. In a second experiment, we measured plant hydraulic responses to different water stress levels as eventually affected by changes in AQPs expression levels. Our results shed light on the possible roles of AQPs in the regulation of C. arabica hydraulics and water balance, opening promising research lines to improve the sustainability of coffee cultivation under global climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Miniussi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Tadeja Savi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Zhou J, Lu D, Xu G, Finlayson SA, He P, Shan L. The dominant negative ARM domain uncovers multiple functions of PUB13 in Arabidopsis immunity, flowering, and senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3353-66. [PMID: 25873653 PMCID: PMC4449551 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the intensity and duration of immune responses is crucial to combat infections without deleterious side effects. Arabidopsis FLS2, the receptor for bacterial flagellin, activates immune signalling by association with its partner BAK1. Upon flagellin (flg22) perception, the plant U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases PUB12 and PUB13 complex with FLS2 in a BAK1-dependent manner, and ubiquitinate FLS2 for protein degradation, thereby down-regulating flagellin signalling. Domain deletion analysis indicates that the ARM domain of PUB13 interacts with the FLS2-BAK1 complex and is phosphorylated by BAK1. Overexpression of the PUB13 ARM domain alone inhibits flg22-induced FLS2-PUB13 association and PUB12/13-mediated FLS2 ubiquitination and degradation in Arabidopsis, suggesting that ectopic expression of the ARM domain in planta generates a dominant negative effect via blocking the ubiquitination activity. Similar to the pub12pub13 double mutant, transgenic plants expressing the PUB13 ARM domain display enhanced immune responses compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, PUB13ARM transgenic plants and the pub12pub13 mutant are more sensitive to stress-induced leaf senescence accompanied by elevated expression of stress-induced senescence marker genes. The resemblance between PUB13ARM transgenic plants and the pub12pub13 mutant provides genetic evidence that ectopic expression of the PUB ARM domain serves as an alternative approach to dissect the overlapping functions of closely related PUB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggeng Zhou
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dongping Lu
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Scott A Finlayson
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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34
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Zipfel C. Plant pattern-recognition receptors. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:345-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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