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Lavado-Benito C, Murillo J, Martínez-Gil M, Ramos C, Rodríguez-Moreno L. GacA reduces virulence and increases competitiveness in planta in the tumorigenic olive pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1347982. [PMID: 38375080 PMCID: PMC10875052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1347982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
GacS/GacA is a widely distributed two-component system playing an essential role as a key global regulator, although its characterization in phytopathogenic bacteria has been deeply biased, being intensively studied in pathogens of herbaceous plants but barely investigated in pathogens of woody hosts. P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv) is characterized by inducing tumours in the stem and branches of olive trees. In this work, the model strain Psv NCPPB 3335 and a mutant derivative with a complete deletion of gene gacA were subjected to RNA-Seq analyses in a minimum medium and a medium mimicking in planta conditions, accompanied by RT-qPCR analyses of selected genes and phenotypic assays. These experiments indicated that GacA participates in the regulation of at least 2152 genes in strain NCPPB 3335, representing 37.9 % of the annotated CDSs. GacA also controls the expression of diverse rsm genes, and modulates diverse phenotypes, including motility and resistance to oxidative stresses. As occurs with other P. syringae pathovars of herbaceous plants, GacA regulates the expression of the type III secretion system and cognate effectors. In addition, GacA also regulates the expression of WHOP genes, specifically encoded in P. syringe strains isolated from woody hosts, and genes for the biosynthesis of phytohormones. A gacA mutant of NCPPB 3335 showed increased virulence, producing large immature tumours with high bacterial populations, but showed a significantly reduced competitiveness in planta. Our results further extend the role of the global regulator GacA in the virulence and fitness of a P. syringae pathogen of woody hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lavado-Benito
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Murillo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Edificio de Agrobiotecnología, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Gil
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Moreno
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
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Zhang F, Meng Y, Wang Y, Zhu S, Liu R, Li J, Xu L, Huang L. VmPma1 contributes to virulence via regulation of the acidification process during host infection in Valsa mali. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:123-137. [PMID: 36566811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Valsa mali is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that mainly infects apple and pear trees. Infection with V. mali results in host tissue acidification via the generation of citric acid, which promote invasion. Here, two plasma membrane H+-ATPases, VmPma1 and VmPma2, were identified in V. mali. The VmPma1 deletion mutant (∆VmPma1) displayed higher intracellular acid accumulation and a lower growth rate compared to the wild type. In contrast, the VmPma2 deletion mutant (∆VmPma2) showed no obvious phenotypic differences. Meanwhile, loss of VmPma1, but not VmPma2, in V. mali led to a significant decrease in growth under acidic or alkaline conditions compared with WT. More importantly, ∆VmPma1 showed a greater reduction in ATPase hydrolase activity and acidification of the external environment, more sensitivity to abiotic stress, and weaker pathogenicity than ∆VmPma2. This evidence indicates that VmPma1 is the main gene of the two plasma membrane H+-ATPases. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that many metabolic processes regulated by VmPma1 are strictly pH-regulated. Besides, we identified two genes (named VmAgn1p and Vmap1) that contribute to the pathogenicity of V. mali by differentially regulating external acidification capacity. Overall, our findings show that VmPma1 plays a pivotal role in pathogenicity by affecting the acidification of V. mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangguang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ronghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Košćak L, Lamovšek J, Đermić E, Tegli S, Gruntar I, Godena S. Identification and Characterisation of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi as the Causal Agent of Olive Knot Disease in Croatian, Slovenian and Portuguese Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Orchards. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:307. [PMID: 36679019 PMCID: PMC9865541 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strains of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Pss), isolated from infected olive trees (Olea europaea L.) in three European countries (Croatia, Slovenia and Portugal) were identified and characterised according to their colony morphology, physiological and biochemical features. According to the LOPAT scheme, 38.6% of Pss isolates were grouped in the Ib cluster. The Portuguese Pss strains were fully consistent with the typical LOPAT profile for this bacterium. Conversely, most Slovenian Pss strains showed delayed oxidase activity, whilst Croatian Pss strains did not produce any fluorescent pigment when grown in vitro. For Pss molecular identification, both end-point and real-time PCR were used, as well as MALDI-TOF, which was additionally used for proteomic analysis and the subsequent species identification of a number of strains that showed deviations from expected LOPAT results. Pss was confirmed as a causal agent of olive knot disease in 46.6% of olive orchards screened. Overall, these data suggests a possible correlation of certain Pss features with the geographical origin and the ecological niche of Pss isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Košćak
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Carlo Hugues 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Janja Lamovšek
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Edyta Đermić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stefania Tegli
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vegetale Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Via della Lastruccia 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Igor Gruntar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Godena
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Carlo Hugues 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
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Moretti C, Rezzonico F, Orfei B, Cortese C, Moreno‐Pérez A, van den Burg HA, Onofri A, Firrao G, Ramos C, Smits THM, Buonaurio R. Synergistic interaction between the type III secretion system of the endophytic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 and the virulence of the causal agent of olive knot Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1209-1225. [PMID: 34268839 PMCID: PMC8435235 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The endophytic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 was previously isolated from olive knots caused by infection with Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722. Whole-genome analysis of this P. agglomerans strain revealed the presence of a Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS). To assess the role of the P. agglomerans T3SS in the interaction with P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi, we generated independent knockout mutants in three Hrp genes of the P. agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 T3SS (hrpJ, hrpN, and hrpY). In contrast to the wildtype control, all three mutants failed to cause a hypersensitive response when infiltrated in tobacco leaves, suggesting that P. agglomerans T3SS is functional and injects effector proteins in plant cells. In contrast to P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722, the wildtype strain P. agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 and its Hrp T3SS mutants did not cause olive knot disease in 1-year-old olive plants. Coinoculation of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi with P. agglomerans wildtype strains did not significantly change the knot size, while the DAPP-PG 734 hrpY mutant induced a significant decrease in knot size, which could be complemented by providing hrpY on a plasmid. By epifluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that the localization patterns in knots were nonoverlapping for P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and P. agglomerans when coinoculated. Our results suggest that suppression of olive plant defences mediated by the Hrp T3SS of P. agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 positively impacts the virulence of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaraluce Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Fabio Rezzonico
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research GroupInstitute of Natural Resource SciencesZurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAWWädenswilSwitzerland
| | - Benedetta Orfei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Chiara Cortese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Alba Moreno‐Pérez
- Área de GenéticaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálagaSpain
| | - Harrold A. van den Burg
- Molecular Plant PathologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Firrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentati Ambientali e AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di UdineUdineItaly
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de GenéticaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálagaSpain
| | - Theo H. M. Smits
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research GroupInstitute of Natural Resource SciencesZurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAWWädenswilSwitzerland
| | - Roberto Buonaurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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Morales-Sillero A, Lodolini EM, Suárez MP, Navarrete V, Jiménez MR, Casanova L, Gregori L, Rallo P, Martín-Vertedor D. Calcium applications throughout fruit development enhance olive quality, oil yield, and antioxidant compounds' content. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1944-1952. [PMID: 32920857 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is a preservative and firming agent largely used in the table olive industry. Foliar applications of calcium (as calcium chloride, CaCl2 ) before harvest have been proposed in other fruits to increase firmness and reduce physiological disorders or internal damage. However, there is still a shortage of information regarding the source, the concentration, the number, and the period of calcium application onto the canopy to get an effective response of olive quality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of two concentrations of CaCl2 foliar treatments (0.5% and 1.0%), applied at different stages of fruit development (at the end of fruit set, end of pit hardening, and prior to harvesting), on olive quality for two varieties ('Manzanilla de Sevilla' and 'Ascolanta tenera'), cultivated in two different geographical areas (Spain and Italy respectively). RESULTS The calcium concentrations applied enhanced the fruit calcium content and decreased sodium and potassium. They also improved the mechanical properties without modifying fruit morphology or cuticle thickness; nor did they cause phytotoxicity. Foliar treatments increased the oil content in the pulp (dry weight basis) and the amount of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein, among other phenols. CONCLUSION Calcium foliar applications during fruit development effectively increase olive quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Morales-Sillero
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIA, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrico María Lodolini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - María Paz Suárez
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIA, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Navarrete
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture. Junta of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Rocío Jiménez
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIA, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Casanova
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIA, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Luca Gregori
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pilar Rallo
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIA, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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6
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Trabalza S, Buonaurio R, Del Pino AM, Palmerini CA, van den Burg HA, Moretti C. A Spectrofluorophotometrical Method Based on Fura-2-AM Probe to Determine Cytosolic Ca 2+ Level in Pseudomonas syringae Complex Bacterial Cells. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3949. [PMID: 33855111 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is an emerging mechanism by which bacteria respond to environmental cues. To measure the intracellular free-calcium concentration in bacterial cells, [Ca2+]i, a simple spectrofluorometric method based on the chemical probe Fura 2-acetoxy methyl ester (Fura 2-AM) is here presented using Pseudomonad bacterial cells. This is an alternative and quantitative method that can be completed in a short period of time with low costs, and it does not require the induction of heterologously expressed protein-based probes like Aequorin. Furthermore, it is possible to verify the properties of membrane channels involved in Ca2+ entry from the extracellular matrix. This method is in particular valuable for measuring [Ca2+]i in the range of 0.1-39.8 µM in small cells like those of prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Trabalza
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberto Buonaurio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto M Del Pino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo A Palmerini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chiaraluce Moretti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Nava AR, Mauricio N, Sanca AJ, Domínguez DC. Evidence of Calcium Signaling and Modulation of the LmrS Multidrug Resistant Efflux Pump Activity by Ca 2 + Ions in S. aureus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573388. [PMID: 33193178 PMCID: PMC7642317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a pivotal role in eukaryote cell signaling and regulate many physiological functions. Although a similar role for Ca2+ in prokaryotes has been difficult to demonstrate, there is increasing evidence for Ca2+ as a cell regulator in bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate Ca2+ signaling and the effect of Ca2+ on the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug resistant efflux pump LmrS. We hypothesized that antibiotics act by increasing Ca2+ concentrations, which in turn enhance the efflux activity of LmrS. These Ca2+ transients were measured by luminometry in response to various antibiotics by using the photoprotein aequorin reconstituted within live bacterial cells. Efflux associated with LmrS was measured by the increase in fluorescence due to the loss of ethidium bromide (EtBr) from both S. aureus cells and from E. coli cells in which the lmrs gene of S. aureus was expressed. We found that addition of antibiotics to cells generated unique cytosolic Ca2+ transients and that addition of CaCl2 to cells enhanced EtBr efflux whereas addition of Ca2+ chelators or efflux pump inhibitors significantly decreased EtBr efflux from cells. We conclude that antibiotics induce a Ca2+ mediated response through transients in cytosolic Ca2+, which then stimulates LmrS efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Nava
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Mauricio
- Biology Department, El Paso Community College, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Angel J Sanca
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Delfina C Domínguez
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Clinical Laboratory Science Program/Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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Añorga M, Pintado A, Ramos C, De Diego N, Ugena L, Novák O, Murillo J. Genes ptz and idi, Coding for Cytokinin Biosynthesis Enzymes, Are Essential for Tumorigenesis and In Planta Growth by P. syringae pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1294. [PMID: 32973852 PMCID: PMC7472798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi elicits aerial tumors on olive plants and is also able to synthesize large amounts of auxins and cytokinins. The auxin indoleacetic acid was shown to be required for tumorigenesis, but there is only correlational evidence suggesting a role for cytokinins. The model strain NCPPB 3335 contains two plasmid-borne genes coding for cytokinin biosynthesis enzymes: ptz, for an isopentenyl transferase and idi, for an isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase. Phylogenetic analyses showed that carriage of ptz and idi is not strictly associated with tumorigenic bacteria, that both genes were linked when first acquired by P. syringae, and that a different allele of ptz has been independently acquired by P. syringae pv. savastanoi and closely related bacteria. We generated mutant derivatives of NCPPB 3335 cured of virulence plasmids or with site-specific deletions of genes ptz and/or idi and evaluated their virulence in lignified and micropropagated olive plants. Strains lacking ptz, idi, or both produced tumors with average volumes up to 29 times smaller and reached populations up to two orders of magnitude lower than those induced by strain NCPPB 3335; these phenotypes reverted by complementation with the cloned genes. Trans-zeatin was the most abundant cytokinin in culture filtrates of NCPPB 3335. Deletion of gene ptz abolished biosynthesis of trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin, whereas a reduced but significant amount of isopentenyladenine was still detected in the medium, suggesting the existence of other genes contributing to cytokinin biosynthesis in P. syringae. Conversely, extracts from strains lacking gene idi contained significantly higher amounts of trans-zeatin than extracts from the wild-type strain but similar amounts of the other cytokinins. This suggests that Idi might promote tumorigenesis by ensuring the biosynthesis of the most active cytokinin forms, their correct balance in planta, or by regulating the expression of other virulence genes. Therefore, gene ptz, but not gene idi, is essential for the biosynthesis of high amounts of cytokinins in culture; however, both ptz and idi are individually essential for the adequate development of tumors on olive plants by Psv NCPPB 3335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Añorga
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Adrián Pintado
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jesús Murillo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
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