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Studt-Reinhold L, Atanasoff-Kardjalieff AK, Berger H, Petersen C, Bachleitner S, Sulyok M, Fischle A, Humpf HU, Kalinina S, Søndergaard TE. H3K27me3 is vital for fungal development and secondary metabolite gene silencing, and substitutes for the loss of H3K9me3 in the plant pathogen Fusarium proliferatum. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011075. [PMID: 38166117 PMCID: PMC10786395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Facultative heterochromatin marked by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is an important regulatory layer involved in secondary metabolite (SM) gene silencing and crucial for fungal development in the genus Fusarium. While this histone mark is essential in some (e.g., the rice pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi), it appears dispensable in other fusaria. Here, we show that deletion of FpKMT6 is detrimental but not lethal in the plant pathogen Fusarium proliferatum, a member of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). Loss of FpKmt6 results in aberrant growth, and expression of a large set of previously H3K27me3-silenced genes is accompanied by increased H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and an altered H3K36me3 pattern. Next, H3K9me3 patterns are affected in Δfpkmt6, indicating crosstalk between both heterochromatic marks that became even more obvious in a strain deleted for FpKMT1 encoding the H3K9-specific histone methyltransferase. In Δfpkmt1, all H3K9me3 marks present in the wild-type strain are replaced by H3K27me3, a finding that may explain the subtle phenotype of the Δfpkmt1 strain which stands in marked contrast to other filamentous fungi. A large proportion of SM-encoding genes is allocated with H3K27me3 in the wild-type strain and loss of H3K27me3 results in elevated expression of 49% of them. Interestingly, genes involved in the biosynthesis of the phytohormones gibberellins (GA) are among the most upregulated genes in Δfpkmt6. Although several FFSC members harbor GA biosynthetic genes, its production is largely restricted to F. fujikuroi, possibly outlining the distinct lifestyles of these notorious plant pathogens. We show that H3K27me3 is involved in GA gene silencing in F. proliferatum and at least one additional FFSC member, and thus, may serve as a regulatory layer for gene silencing under non-favoring conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Studt-Reinhold
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Anna K. Atanasoff-Kardjalieff
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Harald Berger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Celine Petersen
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simone Bachleitner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alica Fischle
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Svetlana Kalinina
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Münster, Germany
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Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Chen T, Li B, Tian S. Set1/COMPASS regulates growth, pathogenicity, and patulin biosynthesis of Penicillium expansum via H3K4 methylation and the interaction with PeVelB. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00293-X. [PMID: 37802147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penicillium expansum is a harmful plant fungal pathogen that causes blue mold disease and produces mycotoxin patulin, leading to huge economic losses and food safety hazard. Set1 associated complex Set1/COMPASS deposits the methylation at lysine 4 of histone H3, which is associated with gene expression in diverse biological processes of fungi. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of Set1/COMPASS are poorly defined in P. expansum. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify Set1/COMPASS and investigate its regulation mechanisms on growth, pathogenicity, and patulin biosynthesis of P. expansum. METHODS Analyses of phylogenetic relationship, conserved structural domain, and gene deletion were used to identify components of Set1/COMPASS. Phenotype analysis and stress tolerance test of gene deletion mutants were conducted to analyze the function of these components. Yeast two-hybrid, Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and point mutation were performed to verify the protein interaction. Western blot was conducted for detection of H3K4 methylation levels. RESULTS P. expansum owns six components of Set1/COMPASS besides PeSet1. Absence of each component resulted in reduction of H3K4 methylation levels and impaired growth, pathogenicity, and patulin biosynthesis, as well as altered stress responses of P. expansum. One component PeBre2p was found to interact with the conserved global regulator PeVelB (VelvetLike protein B) at Asp294 of PeBre2p. This interaction affected fungal growth and utilization of fructose, lactose, glycine, and proline in P. expansum. CONCLUSION This study revealed the important roles of Set1/COMPASS in P. expansum and clarified for the first time the combined regulation of PeBre2p and PeVelB in fungal growth and nutrition utilization. These results will provide potential targets for the control of blue mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Liu R, Chen X, Zhao F, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Ji H, Feng Y, Li J, Zhang H, Zheng J, Zhang J, Zhao Y. The COMPASS Complex Regulates Fungal Development and Virulence through Histone Crosstalk in the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:672. [PMID: 37367608 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1 (COMPASS) methylates lysine K4 on histone H3 (H3K4) and is conserved from yeast to humans. Its subunits and regulatory roles in the meningitis-causing fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans remain unknown. Here we identified the core subunits of the COMPASS complex in C. neoformans and C. deneoformans and confirmed their conserved roles in H3K4 methylation. Through AlphaFold modeling, we found that Set1, Bre2, Swd1, and Swd3 form the catalytic core of the COMPASS complex and regulate the cryptococcal yeast-to-hypha transition, thermal tolerance, and virulence. The COMPASS complex-mediated histone H3K4 methylation requires H2B mono-ubiquitination by Rad6/Bre1 and the Paf1 complex in order to activate the expression of genes specific for the yeast-to-hypha transition in C. deneoformans. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that putative COMPASS subunits function as a unified complex, contributing to cryptococcal development and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fujie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenguo Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huining Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Youbao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Yu W, Pei R, Zhou J, Zeng B, Tu Y, He B. Molecular regulation of fungal secondary metabolism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:204. [PMID: 37209190 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many bioactive secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi have important applications in many fields, such as agriculture, food, medical and others. The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is a complex process involving a variety of enzymes and transcription factors, which are regulated at different levels. In this review, we describe our current understanding on molecular regulation of fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis, such as environmental signal regulation, transcriptional regulation and epigenetic regulation. The effects of transcription factors on the secondary metabolites produced by fungi were mainly introduced. It was also discussed that new secondary metabolites could be found in fungi and the production of secondary metabolites could be improved. We also highlight the importance of understanding the molecular regulation mechanisms to activate silent secondary metabolites and uncover their physiological and ecological functions. By comprehensively understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, we can develop strategies to improve the production of these compounds and maximize their potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongqiang Pei
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Zhanjiang Preschool Education College, Zhanjiang, 524084, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
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Kataria R, Kaundal R. TRustDB: A comprehensive bioinformatics resource for understanding the complete Wheat-Stem rust host-pathogen interactome. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6832105. [PMID: 36394420 PMCID: PMC9670741 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing infectious diseases in wheat immensely reduce crop yield and quality, thus affecting global wheat production. The evolution in phytopathogens hinders the understanding of the disease infection mechanisms. TRustDB is an open-access, comprehensive database that is specifically focused on the disease stem rust (also known as black rust) in Triticum aestivum, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis (Pgt), strains 'Ug99' and '21-0'. The database aims at a broader focus of providing the researchers with comprehensive tools to predict the protein-protein interactions and avail the functional annotations of the proteins involved in the interactions that cause the disease. The network of the predicted interactome can also be visualized on the browser. Various modules for the functional annotations of the host and pathogen proteins such as subcellular localization, functional domains, gene ontology annotations, pathogen orthologs and effector proteins have been implemented. The host proteins that serve as transcription factors, along with the respective Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways are also available, which further enhance the understanding of the disease infection mechanisms and the defense responses of the host. The database is also linked with several other databases such as InterPro, KEGG pathways, Ensembl and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). TRustDB has a user-friendly web interface, which can be accessed through . Database URL http://bioinfo.usu.edu/trustdb/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kataria
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Rakesh Kaundal
- *Corresponding author: Tel: +1 (435) 797-4117; Fax: +1 (435) 797-2766;
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Lai Y, Wang L, Zheng W, Wang S. Regulatory Roles of Histone Modifications in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060565. [PMID: 35736048 PMCID: PMC9224773 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungal pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to infect a variety of hosts including plants and insects. The dynamic infection process requires rapid and fine-tuning regulation of fungal gene expression programs in response to the changing host environment and defenses. Therefore, transcriptional reprogramming of fungal pathogens is critical for fungal development and pathogenicity. Histone post-translational modification, one of the main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of gene expressions, and is involved in, e.g., fungal development, infection-related morphogenesis, environmental stress responses, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and pathogenicity. This review highlights recent findings and insights into regulatory mechanisms of histone methylation and acetylation in fungal development and pathogenicity, as well as their roles in modulating pathogenic fungi–host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Lili Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weilu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sibao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.W.)
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Etier A, Dumetz F, Chéreau S, Ponts N. Post-Translational Modifications of Histones Are Versatile Regulators of Fungal Development and Secondary Metabolism. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050317. [PMID: 35622565 PMCID: PMC9145779 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure is a major regulator of DNA-associated processes, such as transcription, DNA repair, and replication. Histone post-translational modifications, or PTMs, play a key role on chromatin dynamics. PTMs are involved in a wide range of biological processes in eukaryotes, including fungal species. Their deposition/removal and their underlying functions have been extensively investigated in yeasts but much less in other fungi. Nonetheless, the major role of histone PTMs in regulating primary and secondary metabolisms of filamentous fungi, including human and plant pathogens, has been pinpointed. In this review, an overview of major identified PTMs and their respective functions in fungi is provided, with a focus on filamentous fungi when knowledge is available. To date, most of these studies investigated histone acetylations and methylations, but the development of new methodologies and technologies increasingly allows the wider exploration of other PTMs, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and acylation. Considering the increasing number of known PTMs and the full range of their possible interactions, investigations of the subsequent Histone Code, i.e., the biological consequence of the combinatorial language of all histone PTMs, from a functional point of view, are exponentially complex. Better knowledge about histone PTMs would make it possible to efficiently fight plant or human contamination, avoid the production of toxic secondary metabolites, or optimize the industrial biosynthesis of certain beneficial compounds.
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H3K4 Methyltransferase CfSet1 Is Required for Development and Pathogenesis in Colletotrichum fructicola. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040363. [PMID: 35448594 PMCID: PMC9025643 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is a unique woody edible oil species in China. Anthracnose is the common disease of Ca. oleifera, which affected the production and brought huge economic losses. Colletotrichum fructicola is the dominant pathogen causing Ca. oleifera anthracnose. The gene CfSET1 was deleted and its roles in development and pathogenicity of C. fructicola were studied. Our results show that this protein participated in the growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity of this fungal pathogen. Our results help us understand the mechanisms of pathogenesis in C. fructicola and suggest CfSet1 as a potential target for the development of new fungicide.
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Combination Strategy of Genetic Dereplication and Manipulation of Epigenetic Regulators Reveals a Novel Compound from Plant Endophytic Fungus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073686. [PMID: 35409046 PMCID: PMC8998291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategies of genetic dereplication and manipulation of epigenetic regulators to activate the cryptic gene clusters are effective to discover natural products with novel structure in filamentous fungi. In this study, a combination of genetic dereplication (deletion of pesthetic acid biosynthetic gene, PfptaA) and manipulation of epigenetic regulators (deletion of histone methyltransferase gene PfcclA and histone deacetylase gene PfhdaA) was developed in plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. The deletion of PfptaA with PfcclA and/or PfhdaA led to isolation of 1 novel compound, pestaloficiol X (1), as well as another 11 known compounds with obvious yield changes. The proposed biosynthesis pathway of pestaloficiol X was speculated using comparative analysis of homologous biosynthetic gene clusters. Moreover, phenotypic effects on the conidial development and response to oxidative stressors in the mutants were explored. Our results revealed that the new strain with deletion of PfcclA or PfhdaA in ΔPfptaA background host can neutralise the hyperformation of conidia in the PfptaA mutant, and that the ΔPfptaA ΔPfhdaA mutant was generally not sensitive to oxidative stressors as much as the ΔPfptaA ΔcclA mutant in comparison with the single mutant ΔPfptaA or the parental strains. This combinatorial approach can be applied to discover new natural products in filamentous fungi.
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The Role of Bioactive Compounds in Natural Products Extracted from Plants in Cancer Treatment and Their Mechanisms Related to Anticancer Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1429869. [PMID: 35211240 PMCID: PMC8863487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1429869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest causes of death worldwide. With the development of surgery, radiotherapy, and medical agents, the outcomes of cancer patients have greatly improved. However, the underlying mechanisms of cancer are not yet fully understood. Recently, natural products have been proven to be beneficial for various conditions and have played important roles in the development of novel therapies. A substantial amount of evidence indicates that bioactive compounds could improve the outcomes of cancer patients via various pathways, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, epigenetic modification, and modulation of oxidative stress. Here, we review the current evidence of bioactive compounds in natural products for the treatment of cancer and summarize the underlying mechanisms in this pathological process.
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Kataria R, Kaundal R. Deciphering the Crosstalk Mechanisms of Wheat-Stem Rust Pathosystem: Genome-Scale Prediction Unravels Novel Host Targets. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895480. [PMID: 35800602 PMCID: PMC9253690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Triticum aestivum (wheat), a major staple food grain, is affected by various biotic stresses. Among these, fungal diseases cause about 15-20% of yield loss, worldwide. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of protein-protein interactions between two Puccinia graminis races (Pgt 21-0 and Pgt Ug99) that cause stem (black) rust in wheat. The available molecular techniques to study the host-pathogen interaction mechanisms are expensive and labor-intensive. We implemented two computational approaches (interolog and domain-based) for the prediction of PPIs and performed various functional analysis to determine the significant differences between the two pathogen races. The analysis revealed that T. aestivum-Pgt 21-0 and T. aestivum-Pgt Ug99 interactomes consisted of ∼90M and ∼56M putative PPIs, respectively. In the predicted PPIs, we identified 115 Pgt 21-0 and 34 Pgt Ug99 potential effectors that were highly involved in pathogen virulence and development. Functional enrichment analysis of the host proteins revealed significant GO terms and KEGG pathways such as O-methyltransferase activity (GO:0008171), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), lignin metabolic process (GO:0009808), plastid envelope (GO:0009526), plant-pathogen interaction pathway (ko04626), and MAPK pathway (ko04016) that are actively involved in plant defense and immune signaling against the biotic stresses. Subcellular localization analysis anticipated the host plastid as a primary target for pathogen attack. The highly connected host hubs in the protein interaction network belonged to protein kinase domain including Ser/Thr protein kinase, MAPK, and cyclin-dependent kinase. We also identified 5,577 transcription factors in the interactions, associated with plant defense during biotic stress conditions. Additionally, novel host targets that are resistant to stem rust disease were also identified. The present study elucidates the functional differences between Pgt 21-0 and Pgt Ug99, thus providing the researchers with strain-specific information for further experimental validation of the interactions, and the development of durable, disease-resistant crop lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kataria
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Rakesh Kaundal
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Rakesh Kaundal,
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Kim J, Park S, Kwon SH, Lee EJ, Lee JS. Set1-mediated H3K4 methylation is required for Candida albicans virulence by regulating intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. Virulence 2021; 12:2648-2658. [PMID: 34696687 PMCID: PMC8555521 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1980988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that exists in normal flora but can cause infection in immunocompromised individuals. The transition to pathogenic C. albicans requires a change of various gene expressions. Because histone-modifying enzymes can regulate gene expression, they are thought to control the virulence of C. albicans. Indeed, the absence of H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase Set1 has been shown to reduce the virulence of C. albicans; however, Set1-regulated genes responsible for this attenuated virulence phenotype remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Set1 positively regulates the expression of mitochondrial protein genes by methylating H3K4. In particular, levels of cellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher in Δset1 than in the wild-type due to the defect of those genes’ expression. Set1 deletion also increases H2O2 sensitivity and prevents proper colony formation when interacting with macrophage in vitro, consistent with its attenuated virulence in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that Set1 is required to regulate proper cellular ROS production by positively regulating the expression of mitochondrial protein genes and subsequently sustaining mitochondrial membrane integrity. Consequently, C. albicans maintains proper ROS levels via Set1-mediated transcriptional regulation, thus establishing a rapid defense against external ROS generated by the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
| | - Shinae Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
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Okuda N, Nakazawa T, Horii M, Wu H, Kawauchi M, Sakamoto M, Honda Y. Overexpressing Pleurotus ostreatus rho1b results in transcriptional upregulation of the putative cellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes observed in ccl1 disruptants. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7009-7027. [PMID: 34622510 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional expression pattern of lignocellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes in white-rot fungi differs depending on the culture conditions. Recently, it was shown that 13 putative cellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes were significantly upregulated in most Pleurotus ostreatus ligninolysis-deficient mutant strains on beech wood sawdust medium. However, the mechanisms by which this transcriptional shift is triggered remain unknown. In this study, we identified one mechanism. Our previous study implied that histone H3 N-dimethylation at lysine 4 level possibly affects the shift; therefore, we analysed the expression pattern in the disruptants of P. ostreatus ccl1, which encodes a putative component of the COMPASS complex mediating the methylation. The results showed upregulation of 5 of the 13 cellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes. We also found that rho1b, encoding a putative GTPase regulating signal transduction pathways, was upregulated in the ccl1 disruptants and ligninolysis-deficient strains. Upregulation of at least three of the five cellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes was observed in rho1b-overexpressing strains but not in ccl1/rho1b double-gene disruptants, during the 20-day culture period. These results suggest that Rho1b may be involved in the upregulation of cellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes observed in the ccl1 disruptants. Furthermore, we suggest that Mpk1b, a putative Agaricomycetes-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase, functions downstream of Rho1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Okuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takehito Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Horii
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hongli Wu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Kawauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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14
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Yan Y, Tang J, Yuan Q, Liu L, Liu H, Huang J, Hsiang T, Zheng L. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals ChAcb1 as a Novel Virulence Factor in Colletotrichum higginsianum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1571-1582. [PMID: 33567906 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-21-0028-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum higginsianum is an important hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose disease on various cruciferous plants. Discovery of new virulence factors could lead to strategies for effectively controlling anthracnose. Acyl-CoA binding proteins (ACBPs) are mainly involved in binding and trafficking acyl-CoA esters in eukaryotic cells. However, the functions of this important class of proteins in plant fungal pathogens remain unclear. In this study, we performed an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between a nonpathogenic mutant ΔCh-MEL1 and the wild type. Based on iTRAQ data, DEPs in the ΔCh-MEL1 mutant were mainly associated with melanin biosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, redox processes, and amino acid metabolism. Proteomic analysis revealed that many DEPs might be involved in growth and pathogenesis of C. higginsianum. Among them, an acyl-CoA binding protein, ChAcb1, was selected for further functional studies. Deletion of ChAcb1 caused defects in vegetative growth and conidiation. ChAcb1 is also required for response to hyperosmotic and oxidative stresses, and maintenance of cell wall integrity. Importantly, the ΔChAcb1 mutant exhibited reduced virulence, and microscopic examination revealed that it was defective in appressorial penetration and infectious growth. Furthermore, the ΔChAcb1 mutant was impaired in fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Taken together, ChAcb1 was identified as a new virulence gene in this plant pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qinfeng Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lu Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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15
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Yan Y, Tang J, Yuan Q, Liu H, Huang J, Hsiang T, Bao C, Zheng L. Ornithine decarboxylase of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum plays an important role in regulating global metabolic pathways and virulence. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1093-1116. [PMID: 34472183 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum higginsianum is an important fungal pathogen causing anthracnose disease of cruciferous plants. In this study, we characterized a putative orthologue of yeast SPE1 in C. higginsianum, named ChODC. Deletion mutants of ChODC were defective in hyphal and conidial development. Importantly, deletion of ChODC significantly affected appressorium-mediated penetration in C. higginsianum. However, polyamines partially restore appressorium function and virulence indicating that loss of ChODC caused significantly decreased virulence by the crosstalk between polyamines and other metabolic pathways. Subsequently, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated that ChODC played an important role in metabolism of various carbon and nitrogen compounds including amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Along with these clues, we found deletion of ChODC affected glycogen and lipid metabolism, which were important for conidial storage utilization and functional appressorium formation. Loss of ChODC affected the mTOR signalling pathway via modulation of autophagy. Interestingly, cAMP treatment restored functional appressoria to the ΔChODC mutant, and rapamycin treatment also stimulated formation of functional appressoria in the ΔChODC mutant. Overall, ChODC was associated with the polyamine biosynthesis pathway, as a mediator of cAMP and mTOR signalling pathways to regulate appressorium function. Our study provides evidence of a link between ChODC and the cAMP signalling pathway and defines a novel mechanism by which ChODC regulates infection-associated autophagy and plant infection by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Yan
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinfeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Chonglai Bao
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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16
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Liu W, Triplett L, Chen XL. Emerging Roles of Posttranslational Modifications in Plant-Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:99-124. [PMID: 33909479 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021320-010948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles in regulating protein function and thereby control many cellular processes and biological phenotypes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several recent studies illustrate how plant fungal and bacterial pathogens use these PTMs to facilitate development, stress response, and host infection. In this review, we discuss PTMs that have key roles in the biological and infection processes of plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The emerging roles of PTMs during pathogen-plant interactions are highlighted. We also summarize traditional tools and emerging proteomics approaches for PTM research. These discoveries open new avenues for investigating the fundamental infection mechanisms of plant pathogens and the discovery of novel strategies for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lindsay Triplett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA;
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Bachleitner S, Sulyok M, Sørensen JL, Strauss J, Studt L. The H4K20 methyltransferase Kmt5 is involved in secondary metabolism and stress response in phytopathogenic Fusarium species. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 155:103602. [PMID: 34214671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium graminearum are agronomically important plant pathogens, both infecting important staple food plants and thus leading to huge economic losses worldwide. F.fujikuroi belongs to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and causes bakanae disease on rice, whereas F.graminearum, a member of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is the causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease on wheat, barley and maize. In recent years, the importance of chromatin regulation became evident in the plant-pathogen interaction. Several processes, including posttranslational modifications of histones, have been described as regulators of virulence and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we have functionally characterised methylation of lysine 20 histone 4 (H4K20me) in both Fusarium species. We identified the respective genes solely responsible for H4K20 mono-, di- and trimethylation in F.fujikuroi (FfKMT5) and F.graminearum (FgKMT5). We show that loss of Kmt5 affects colony growth in F.graminearum while this is not the case for F.fujikuroi. Similarly, FgKmt5 is required for full virulence in F.graminearum as Δfgkmt5 is hypovirulent on wheat, whereas the F.fujikuroi Δffkmt5 strain did not deviate from the wild type during rice infection. Lack of Kmt5 had distinct effects on the secondary metabolism in both plant pathogens with the most pronounced effects on fusarin biosynthesis in F.fujikuroi and zearalenone biosynthesis in F.graminearum. Next to this, loss of Kmt5 resulted in an increased tolerance towards oxidative and osmotic stress in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bachleitner
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lena Studt
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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18
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Kim W, Jeong MH, Yun SH, Hur JS. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies a Gene Cluster for the Biosynthesis of Biruloquinone, a Rare Phenanthraquinone, in a Lichen-Forming Fungus Cladonia macilenta. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:398. [PMID: 34065383 PMCID: PMC8161216 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are prolific producers of natural products of polyketide origin. We previously described a culture of lichen-forming fungus (LFF) Cladonia macilenta that produces biruloquinone, a purple pigment that is a phenanthraquinone rarely found in nature. However, there was no genetic information on the biosynthesis of biruloquinone. To identify a biosynthetic gene cluster for biruloquinone, we mined polyketide synthase (PKS) genes from the genome sequence of a LFF isolated from thalli of C. macilenta. The 38 PKS in C. macilenta are highly diverse, many of which form phylogenetic clades with PKS previously characterized in non-lichenized fungi. We compared transcriptional profiles of the 38 PKS genes in two chemotypic variants, one producing biruloquinone and the other producing no appreciable metabolite in vitro. We identified a PKS gene (hereafter PKS21) that was highly upregulated in the LFF that produces biruloquinone. The boundaries of a putative biruloquinone gene cluster were demarcated by co-expression patterns of six clustered genes, including the PKS21. Biruloquinone gene clusters exhibited a high degree of synteny between related species. In this study we identified a novel PKS family responsible for the biosynthesis of biruloquinone through whole-transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyong Kim
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Min-Hye Jeong
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hwan Yun
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
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19
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Dallery JF, Zimmer M, Halder V, Suliman M, Pigné S, Le Goff G, Gianniou DD, Trougakos IP, Ouazzani J, Gasperini D, O’Connell RJ. Inhibition of jasmonate-mediated plant defences by the fungal metabolite higginsianin B. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2910-2921. [PMID: 32006004 PMCID: PMC7260715 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by the ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum is characterized by an early symptomless biotrophic phase followed by a destructive necrotrophic phase. The fungal genome contains 77 secondary metabolism-related biosynthetic gene clusters, whose expression during the infection process is tightly regulated. Deleting CclA, a chromatin regulator involved in the repression of some biosynthetic gene clusters through H3K4 trimethylation, allowed overproduction of three families of terpenoids and isolation of 12 different molecules. These natural products were tested in combination with methyl jasmonate, an elicitor of jasmonate responses, for their capacity to alter defence gene induction in Arabidopsis. Higginsianin B inhibited methyl jasmonate-triggered expression of the defence reporter VSP1p:GUS, suggesting it may block bioactive jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) synthesis or signalling in planta. Using the JA-Ile sensor Jas9-VENUS, we found that higginsianin B, but not three other structurally related molecules, suppressed JA-Ile signalling by preventing the degradation of JAZ proteins, the repressors of jasmonate responses. Higginsianin B likely blocks the 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of JAZ proteins because it inhibited chymotrypsin- and caspase-like protease activities. The inhibition of target degradation by higginsianin B also extended to auxin signalling, as higginsianin B treatment reduced auxin-dependent expression of DR5p:GUS. Overall, our data indicate that specific fungal secondary metabolites can act similarly to protein effectors to subvert plant immune and developmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Félix Dallery
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marlene Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vivek Halder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Current address: Rijk Zwaan, De Lier, 2678 ZG, Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Suliman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Current address: Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sandrine Pigné
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Despoina D Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Richard J O’Connell
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Correspondence: or
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20
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Masi M, Cimmino A, Salzano F, Di Lecce R, Górecki M, Calabrò V, Pescitelli G, Evidente A. Higginsianins D and E, Cytotoxic Diterpenoids Produced by Colletotrichum higginsianum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1131-1138. [PMID: 32191467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two new diterpenoids with tetrasubstituted 3-oxodihydrofuran substituents, named higginsianins D (1) and E (2), were isolated from the mycelium of the fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum grown in liquid culture. They were characterized as methyl 2-[6-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-5-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-decahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-carboxylate and its 21-epimer by using NMR, HRESIMS, and chemical methods. The relative configurations of higginsianins D and E, which did not afford crystals suitable for X-ray analysis, were determined by NOESY experiments and by comparison with NMR data of higginsianin B. The absolute configuration was established by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. The evaluation of 1 and 2 for antiproliferative activity against human A431 cells derived from epidermoid carcinoma and H1299 non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells revealed that 2 exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than 1, with an IC50 value of 1.0 μM against A431 cells. Remarkably, both 1 and 2 were almost ineffective against immortalized keratinocytes, used as a preneoplastic cell line model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcin Górecki
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52 Street, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Liu Y, Zhang M, Xie R, Zhang F, Wang S, Pan X, Wang S, Zhuang Z. The Methyltransferase AflSet1 Is Involved in Fungal Morphogenesis, AFB1 Biosynthesis, and Virulence of Aspergillus flavus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:234. [PMID: 32132990 PMCID: PMC7040179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The filament fungal pathogen, Aspergillus flavus, spreads worldwide and contaminates several important crops. Histone posttranslational modifications are deeply involved in fungal development and virulence, but the biological function of the histone methyltransferase AflSet1 in A. flavus is still unknown. In the study, Aflset1 deletion strain was constructed through homologous recombination, and it was found that AflSet1 up-regulates hyphae growth, and promotes conidiation by sporulation regulation genes: abaA and brlA. It was also found that AflSet1 involves in sclerotia formation and AFB1 biosynthesis via sclerotia related transcriptional factors and orthodox AFB1 synthesis pathway, respectively. Crop models revealed that AflSet1 plays critical roles in colonization and AFB1 production on crop kernels. Lipase activity analysis suggested that AflSet1 affects fungal virulence to crops via digestive enzymes. Stresses tests revealed that AflSet1 is deeply involved in fungal resistance against osmotic, oxidative and cell membrane stress. The preparation of N_SET, SET domain deletion mutants and H988K mutant revealed that both domains play critical roles in fungal development and AFB1 production, and that H988 is very important in executing biological functions on morphogenesis and AFB1 synthesis. Subcellular location analysis revealed that AflSet1 is stably accumulated in nuclei in both spore germination and hyphae growth stages, even under the stress of SDS. Through immunoblot analysis, it was found that AflSet1 methylates H3K4me2 and me3 as well as H3K9me2. This study provides a solid evidence to discover the biological functions of histone methyltransferase in pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Castro-Moretti FR, Gentzel IN, Mackey D, Alonso AP. Metabolomics as an Emerging Tool for the Study of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Metabolites 2020; 10:E52. [PMID: 32013104 PMCID: PMC7074241 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants defend themselves from most microbial attacks via mechanisms including cell wall fortification, production of antimicrobial compounds, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Successful pathogens overcome these host defenses, as well as obtain nutrients from the host. Perturbations of plant metabolism play a central role in determining the outcome of attempted infections. Metabolomic analyses, for example between healthy, newly infected and diseased or resistant plants, have the potential to reveal perturbations to signaling or output pathways with key roles in determining the outcome of a plant-microbe interaction. However, application of this -omic and its tools in plant pathology studies is lagging relative to genomic and transcriptomic methods. Thus, it is imperative to bring the power of metabolomics to bear on the study of plant resistance/susceptibility. This review discusses metabolomics studies that link changes in primary or specialized metabolism to the defense responses of plants against bacterial, fungal, nematode, and viral pathogens. Also examined are cases where metabolomics unveils virulence mechanisms used by pathogens. Finally, how integrating metabolomics with other -omics can advance plant pathology research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R. Castro-Moretti
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, TX 76201, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, TX 76201, USA
| | - Irene N. Gentzel
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - David Mackey
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Ana P. Alonso
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, TX 76201, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, TX 76201, USA
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