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Xu L, Meng Y, Li P, Xiao S, Zhang B, Hou L, Cao Z, Hao Z, Dong J, Zeng F. Identifying substrate triggers for appressorium development in Setosphaeria turcica and functional characterization of Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factors StTF1 and StTF2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136585. [PMID: 39414211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Northern corn leaf blight is a devastating disease caused by Setosphaeria turcica (S. turcica), leading to significant yield losses in maize. S. turcica initiates infection through a specialized structure known as the appressorium, which only forms on conducive substrates. In this study, we introduce a semi‑silicone water polyurethane resin (Si-PUD) that induces only germ tube formation from S. turcica conidia. A mixed coating of Si-PUD and polytetrafluoroethylene successfully triggers appressorium formation. Both coatings maintain optical transparency, chemical resistance, and thermal stability, which facilitate microscopic observations and the development of high-throughput systems. These coatings also demonstrate similar effects on Bipolaris maydis (B. maydis), suggesting their potential universal applicability. Utilizing coating-induced synchronous appressorium formation and proteomic analyses, we identified five genes essential for S. turcica appressorium development. Functional analyses of two zinc binuclear cluster domain-containing transcription factors, StTF1 and StTF2, revealed their critical roles in appressorium development and pathogenicity. This study not only develops a novel method for inducing appressorium formation but also lays the groundwork for rapid screening of environmentally-friendly fungicides that inhibit appressorium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shenglin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lifeng Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China.
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Fanli Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, China.
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2
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Li P, Shen S, Jia J, Sun H, Zhu H, Wei N, Yu B, Sohail A, Wu D, Zeng F, Hao Z, Dong J. The catalytic subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase negatively regulates conidiation and melanin biosynthesis in Setosphaeria turcica. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131149. [PMID: 38556232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Northern corn leaf blight caused by Setosphaeria turcica is a major fungal disease responsible for significant reductions in maize yield worldwide. Eukaryotic type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) influences growth and virulence in a number of pathogenic fungi, but little is known about its roles in S. turcica. Here, we functionally characterized S. turcica StPP2A-C, which encodes the catalytic C subunit of StPP2A. StPP2A-C deletion slowed colony growth, conidial germination, and appressorium formation but increased conidiation, melanin biosynthesis, glycerol content, and disease lesion size on maize. These effects were associated with expression changes in genes related to calcium signaling, conidiation, laccase activity, and melanin and glycerol biosynthesis, as well as changes in intra- and extracellular laccase activity. A pull-down screen for candidate StPP2A-c interactors revealed an interaction between StPP2A-c and StLac1. Theoretical modeling and yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed that StPP2A-c interacted specifically with the copper ion binding domain of StLac1 and that Cys267 of StPP2A-c was required for this interaction. StPP2A-C expression thus appears to promote hyphal growth and reduce pathogenicity in S. turcica, at least in part by altering melanin synthesis and laccase activity; these insights may ultimately support the development of novel strategies for biological management of S. turcica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei 071001, China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Jingzhe Jia
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Hehe Sun
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei 071001, China; Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Zhimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei 071001, China; Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei 071001, China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
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3
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Li P, Zhu H, Wang C, Zeng F, Jia J, Feng S, Han X, Shen S, Wang Y, Hao Z, Dong J. StRAB4 gene is required for filamentous growth, conidial development, and pathogenicity in Setosphaeria turcica. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1302081. [PMID: 38264490 PMCID: PMC10804457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Setosphaeria turcica, the fungal pathogen responsible for northern corn leaf blight in maize, forms specialized infectious structures called appressoria that are critical for fungal penetration of maize epidermal cells. The Rab family of proteins play a crucial role in the growth, development, and pathogenesis of many eukaryotic species. Rab4, in particular, is a key regulator of endocytosis and vesicle trafficking, essential for filamentous growth and successful infection by other fungal pathogens. In this study, we silenced StRAB4 in S. turcica to gain a better understanding the function of Rab4 in this plant pathogen. Phenotypically, the mutants exhibited a reduced growth rate, a significant decline in conidia production, and an abnormal conidial morphology. These phenotypes indicate that StRab4 plays an instrumental role in regulating mycelial growth and conidial development in S. turcica. Further investigations revealed that StRab4 is a positive regulator of cell wall integrity and melanin secretion. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted primary enrichments in peroxisome pathways, oxidoreductase and catalytic activities, membrane components, and cell wall organization processes. Collectively, our findings emphasize the significant role of StRab4 in S. turcica infection and pathogenicity in maize and provide valuable insights into fungal behavior and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chengze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingzhe Jia
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shang Feng
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinpeng Han
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Bioinformatic Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Li P, Sun H, Han X, Long F, Shen S, Li Z, Zeng F, Hao Z, Dong J. The Septin Gene StSep4 Contributes to the Pathogenicity of Setosphaeria turcica by Regulating the Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and Pathogenic Factor Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19568-19580. [PMID: 38019936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Septins are a conserved group of GTP-binding proteins found in all eukaryotes and are the fourth-most abundant cytoskeletal proteins. Septins of some pathogenic fungi are involved in morphological changes related to infection. Our previous studies have identified four core septins (StSep1-4) in Setosphaeria turcica, the causal agent of northern corn leaf blight, while only StSep4 is significantly upregulated during the invasive process. We therefore used forchlorfenuron (FCF), the specific inhibitor of septin, and ΔStSep4 knockout mutants to further clarify the role of septins in S. turcica pathogenicity. FCF treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in S. turcica colony growth, delayed the formation of infection structures, and reduced the penetration ability. ΔStSep4 knockout mutants displayed abnormal mycelium morphology, slow mycelial growth, conidiation deficiency, delayed appressorium development, and weakened pathogenicity. StSep4 deletion also broke cell wall integrity, altered chitin distribution, decreased the melanin content, and disrupted normal nuclear localization. A transcriptomic comparison revealed that genes differentially expressed between ΔStSep4 and WT were enriched in terms of ribosomes, protein translation, membrane components, and transmembrane transport activities. Our results demonstrate that StSep4 is required for morphology and pathogenicity in S. turcica, making it a promising target for the development of novel fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Hehe Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xinpeng Han
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Feng Long
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Shen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
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Wang C, Wang J, Zhang D, Cheng J, Zhu J, Yang Z. Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281530. [PMID: 36877688 PMCID: PMC9987770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Dai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZY)
| | - Zhihui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZY)
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Liu Y, Shen S, Hao Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Tong Y, Zeng F, Dong J. Protein kinase A participates in hyphal and appressorial development by targeting Efg1-mediated transcription of a Rab GTPase in Setosphaeria turcica. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1608-1619. [PMID: 35929228 PMCID: PMC9562828 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of the development and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is the conserved element downstream of cAMP, and its diverse mechanisms in multiple filamentous fungi are not well known yet. In the present study, gene knockout mutants of two catalytic subunits of PKA (PKA-C) in Setosphaeria turcica were created to illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of PKA-Cs on the development and pathogenicity of S. turcica. As a result, StPkaC2 was proved to be the main contributor of PKA activity in S. turcica. In addition, it was found that both StPkaC1 and StPkaC2 were necessary for conidiation and invasive growth, while only StPkaC2 played a negative role in the regulation of filamentous growth. We reveal that only StPkaC2 could interact with the transcription factor StEfg1, and it inhibited the transcription of StRAB1, a Rab GTPase homologue coding gene in S. turcica, whereas StPkaC1 could specifically interact with a transcriptional regulator StFlo8, which could rescue the transcriptional inhibition of StEfg1 on StRAB1. We also demonstrated that StRAB1 could positively influence the biosynthesis of chitin in hyphae, thus changing the filamentous growth. Our findings clarify that StPkaC2 participates in chitin biosynthesis to modulate mycelium development by targeting the Efg1-mediated transcription of StRAB1, while StFlo8, interacting with StPkaC1, acts as a negative regulator during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Zhimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Yulan Zhao
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Yameng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Fanli Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyBaodingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
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7
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Wang C, Zhang D, Cheng J, Zhao D, Pan Y, Li Q, Zhu J, Yang Z, Wang J. Identification of effector CEP112 that promotes the infection of necrotrophic Alternaria solani. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:466. [PMID: 36171557 PMCID: PMC9520946 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria solani is a typical necrotrophic pathogen that can cause severe early blight on Solanaceae crops and cause ring disease on plant leaves. Phytopathogens produce secretory effectors that regulate the host immune response and promote pathogenic infection. Effector proteins, as specialized secretions of host-infecting pathogens, play important roles in disrupting host defense systems. At present, the role of the effector secreted by A. solani during infection remains unclear. We report the identification and characterization of AsCEP112, an effector required for A. solani virulence. RESULT The AsCEP112 gene was screened from the transcriptome and genome of A. solani on the basis of typical effector signatures. Fluorescence quantification and transient expression analysis showed that the expression level of AsCEP112 continued to increase during infection. The protein localized to the cell membrane of Nicotiana benthamiana and regulated senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Moreover, comparative analysis of AsCEP112 mutant obtained by homologous recombination with wild-type and revertant strains indicated that AsCEP112 gene played an active role in regulating melanin formation and penetration in the pathogen. Deletion of AsCEP112 also reduced the pathogenicity of HWC-168. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that AsCEP112 was an important effector protein that targeted host cell membranes. AsCEP112 regulateed host senescence-related genes to control host leaf senescence and chlorosis, and contribute to pathogen virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
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8
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He S, Huang Y, Sun Y, Liu B, Wang S, Xuan Y, Gao Z. The Secreted Ribonuclease SRE1 Contributes to Setosphaeria turcica Virulence and Activates Plant Immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:941991. [PMID: 35875548 PMCID: PMC9304870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.941991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the plant infection process, pathogens can secrete several effectors. Some of the effectors are well-known for their roles in regulating plant immunity and promoting successful pathogen colonization. However, there are few studies on the ribonuclease (RNase) effectors secreted by fungi. In the present study, we discovered a secretable RNase (SRE1) in the secretome of Setosphaeria turcica that was significantly upregulated during the early stages of S. turcica infection in maize. Knockdown of SRE1 significantly reduced the virulence of S. turcica. SRE1 can induce cell death in maize and Nicotiana benthamiana. However, unlike the conventional hypersensitive response (HR) caused by other effectors, SRE1 is not dependent on its signal peptide (SP) or plant receptor kinases (such as BAK1 and SOBIR1). SRE1-induced cell death depends upon its enzymatic activity and the N-terminal β-hairpin structure. SRE1 relies on its N-terminal β-hairpin structure to enter cells, and then degrades plant's RNA through its catalytic activity causing cytotoxic effects. Additionally, SRE1 enhances N. benthamiana's resistance to pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. In summary, SRE1 promotes the virulence of S. turcica, inducing plant cell death and activating plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidao He
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Suna Wang
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zenggui Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zenggui Gao
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Meng Y, Zeng F, Hu J, Li P, Xiao S, Zhou L, Gong J, Liu Y, Hao Z, Cao Z, Dong J. Novel factors contributing to fungal pathogenicity at early stages of Setosphaeria turcica infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:32-44. [PMID: 34628700 PMCID: PMC8659557 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Setosphaeria turcica causes leaf blight on maize, which leads to considerable crop losses. However, how S. turcica establishes sustained systemic infection is largely unknown. Here, we report several novel factors contributing to S. turcica pathogenicity, identified using a genomic and transcriptional screen at different stages of S. turcica appressorium development. We identified two cytoskeleton regulators, SLM1 and SLM2, that are crucial for hypha and appressorium development. The SLM1 and SLM2 transcripts accumulated during germling stage but their levels were notably reduced at the appressorium stage. Deletion of SLM2 dramatically affected cell morphology, penetration ability, and pathogenicity. We also identified three different types of S. turcica glycosyl hydrolases that are critical for plant cell wall degradation. Their transcripts accumulated during the appressorium infection stage induced by cellophane and maize leaf. Most importantly, we characterized a novel and specific S. turcica effector, appressorium-coupled effector 1 (StACE1), whose expression is coupled to appressorium formation in S. turcica. This protein is required for maize infection and induces cell death on expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. These observations suggest that the phytopathogen S. turcica is primed in advance with multiple strategies for maize infection, which are coupled to appressorium formation at the early infection stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Fanli Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Jingjing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Shenglin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Lihong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Jiangang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Yuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Zhimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
- College of Plant ProtectionHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationBaodingChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular PathologyHebeiChina
- College of Plant ProtectionHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
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Pan F, Li F, Mao Y, Liu D, Chen A, Zhao D, Hu Y. First Detection of Ditylenchus destructor Parasitizing Maize in Northeast China. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121303. [PMID: 34947834 PMCID: PMC8706602 DOI: 10.3390/life11121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. Heilongjiang province has the largest maize area in China. Plant-parasitic nematodes are important agricultural pests, which cause huge economic losses every year and have attracted global attention. Potato rot nematode Ditylenchus destructor is a plant-parasitic nematode with a wide range of hosts and strong survival ability in different environments, which brings risks to agricultural production. In 2020, D. destructor was detected in seven maize fields in Heilongjiang province. Morphological identification and molecular approach were used to characterize the isolated D. destructor. The observed morphological and morphometric characteristics were highly similar and consistent with the existing description. The DNA sequencing on the D2/D3 region of the ribosomal DNA 28S and the phylogenetic analysis showed that D. destructor population obtained from maize and other isolates infesting carrot, sweet potato, and potato were in subclade I supported by a 96% bootstrap value. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis of the ITS rRNA gene sequence further indicated that this D. destructor population from maize clustered in a clade I group and belonged to ITS rRNA haplotype C. An inoculation experiment revealed that D. destructor was pathogenic on the maize seedlings in pots and caused the disease symptoms in the stem base of maize seedlings. This is the first report of D. destructor causing stem rot of maize in Heilongjiang province, and contributes additional information on disease control and safe production of maize in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Pan
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Feng Li
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China; (F.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Yanzhi Mao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 154026, China; (Y.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dan Liu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China; (F.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Aoshuang Chen
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150006, China;
| | - Dan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 154026, China; (Y.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Liang H, Wang Q, Shen S, Jia Y, Li P, Zeng F, Hao Z, Dong J. Yeast surface displayed xylanase is an efficient strategy to induce corn defence response. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1797532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yanrong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jingao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
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