1
|
Kwon KM, Viana JPG, Walden KKO, Usovsky M, Scaboo AM, Hudson ME, Mitchum MG. Genome scans for selection signatures identify candidate virulence genes for adaptation of the soybean cyst nematode to host resistance. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17490. [PMID: 39135406 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant pathogens are constantly under selection pressure for host resistance adaptation. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is a major pest of soybean primarily managed through resistant cultivars; however, SCN populations have evolved virulence in response to selection pressures driven by repeated monoculture of the same genetic resistance. Resistance to SCN is mediated by multiple epistatic interactions between Rhg (for resistance to H. glycines) genes. However, the identity of SCN virulence genes that confer the ability to overcome resistance remains unknown. To identify candidate genomic regions showing signatures of selection for increased virulence, we conducted whole genome resequencing of pooled individuals (Pool-Seq) from two pairs of SCN populations adapted on soybeans with Peking-type (rhg1-a, rhg2, and Rhg4) resistance. Population differentiation and principal component analysis-based approaches identified approximately 0.72-0.79 million SNPs, the frequency of which showed potential selection signatures across multiple genomic regions. Chromosomes 3 and 6 between population pairs showed the greatest density of outlier SNPs with high population differentiation. Conducting multiple outlier detection tests to identify overlapping SNPs resulted in a total of 966 significantly differentiated SNPs, of which 285 exon SNPs were mapped to 97 genes. Of these, six genes encoded members of known stylet-secreted effector protein families potentially involved in host defence modulation including venom-allergen-like, annexin, glutathione synthetase, SPRYSEC, chitinase, and CLE effector proteins. Further functional analysis of identified candidate genes will provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms by which SCN overcomes soybean resistance and inform the development of molecular markers for rapidly screening the virulence profile of an SCN-infested field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khee Man Kwon
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - João P G Viana
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kimberly K O Walden
- Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mariola Usovsky
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew M Scaboo
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew E Hudson
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi N, Yan J, Lei P, Kang W, Liu X, Xuan Y, Fan H, Wang Y, Yang N, Chen L, Duan Y, Zhu X. Transcriptome Analysis of GmPUB20A Overexpressing and RNA-Interferencing Transgenic Hairy Roots Reveals Underlying Negative Role in Soybean Resistance to Cyst Nematode. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18059-18073. [PMID: 37948664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination genes are key components of plant responses to biotic stress. GmPUB20A, a ubiquitination gene, plays a negative role in soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing to investigate transcriptional changes in GmPUB20A overexpressing and RNA-interfering transgenic hairy roots. Totally, 7661 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in disease resistance and signal transduction pathways. In addition, silencing Glyma.15G021600 and Glyma.09G284700 by siRNA, the total number of nematodes was decreased by 33.48% and 27.47% than control plants, respectively. Further, GUS activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays revealed that GmPUB20A, Glyma.15G021600, and Glyma.09G284700 respond to SCN parasitism and interfere with the accumulation of ROS in plant roots, respectively. Collectively, our study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of GmPUB20A in soybean resistance to SCN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawei Qi
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Jichen Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenyang 100161, China
| | - Piao Lei
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenshu Kang
- College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang H, Liu X, Xiao P, Wang Y, Xie Q, Wu X, Ding H. Functional insights of plant bcl-2-associated ahanogene (BAG) proteins: Multi-taskers in diverse cellular signal transduction pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136873. [PMID: 37056491 PMCID: PMC10086319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) gene family is a highly conserved molecular chaperone cofactor in evolution from yeast to humans and plants playing important roles in a variety of signal pathways. Plant BAG proteins have special structures, especially those containing CaM-binding IQ motifs which are unique to plants. While early studies focused more on the structure and physiological function of plant BAGs, recent studies have revealed many novel functional mechanisms involved in multiple cellular processes. How to achieve signal specificity has become an interesting topic of plant BAG research. In this review, we have provided a historic view of plant BAG research and summarized recent advances in the establishment of BAG as essential components in normal plant growth, environmental stress response, and plant immunity. Based on the relationship between BAG proteins and their newly interacting proteins, this review highlights the functional mechanisms of various cellular signals mediated by plant BAGs. Future work needs to focus on the post-translational modification of BAG proteins, and on understanding how specificity is achieved among BAG signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peixiang Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Xie
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haidong Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Verma A, Lin M, Smith D, Walker JC, Hewezi T, Davis EL, Hussey RS, Baum TJ, Mitchum MG. A novel sugar beet cyst nematode effector 2D01 targets the Arabidopsis HAESA receptor-like kinase. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1765-1782. [PMID: 36069343 PMCID: PMC9644282 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes use a stylet to deliver effector proteins produced in oesophageal gland cells into root cells to cause disease in plants. These effectors are deployed to modulate plant defence responses and developmental programmes for the formation of a specialized feeding site called a syncytium. The Hg2D01 effector gene, coding for a novel 185-amino-acid secreted protein, was previously shown to be up-regulated in the dorsal gland of parasitic juveniles of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines, but its function has remained unknown. Genome analyses revealed that Hg2D01 belongs to a highly diversified effector gene family in the genomes of H. glycines and the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. For functional studies using the model Arabidopsis thaliana-H. schachtii pathosystem, we cloned the orthologous Hs2D01 sequence from H. schachtii. We demonstrate that Hs2D01 is a cytoplasmic effector that interacts with the intracellular kinase domain of HAESA (HAE), a cell surface-associated leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase (RLK) involved in signalling the activation of cell wall-remodelling enzymes important for cell separation during abscission and lateral root emergence. Furthermore, we show that AtHAE is expressed in the syncytium and, therefore, could serve as a viable host target for Hs2D01. Infective juveniles effectively penetrated the roots of HAE and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) double mutant plants; however, fewer nematodes developed on the roots, consistent with a role for this receptor family in nematode infection. Taken together, our results suggest that the Hs2D01-AtHAE interaction may play an important role in sugar beet cyst nematode parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Verma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Marriam Lin
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Boyle Frederickson Intellectual Property LawMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Dante Smith
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Conagra Brands, Inc., Corporate Microbiology, Research and DevelopmentOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - John C. Walker
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Eric L. Davis
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Richard S. Hussey
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Thomas J. Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Melissa G. Mitchum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Functional Characterization of Ubiquitination Genes in the Interaction of Soybean—Heterodera glycines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810771. [PMID: 36142678 PMCID: PMC9504373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a kind of post-translational modification of proteins that plays an important role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stress. The response of soybean GmPUB genes to soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) infection is largely unknown. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the relative expression of 49 GmPUB genes in susceptible cultivar William 82 and resistant cultivar Huipizhi after SCN inoculation. The results show that GmPUB genes responded to cyst nematode infection at 1 day post-inoculation (dpi), 5 dpi, 10 dpi and 15 dpi. The expression levels of GmPUB16A, GmPUB20A, GmCHIPA, GmPUB33A, GmPUB23A and GmPUB24A were dramatically changed during SCN infection. Furthermore, functional analysis of these GmPUB genes by overexpression and RNAi showed that GmPUB20A, GmPUB33A and GmPUB24A negatively regulated soybean resistance under SCN stress. The results from our present study provide insights into the complicated molecular mechanism of the interaction between soybean and SCN.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao J, Liu S. Beet cyst nematode HsSNARE1 interacts with both AtSNAP2 and AtPR1 and promotes disease in Arabidopsis. J Adv Res 2022; 47:27-40. [PMID: 35872350 PMCID: PMC10173200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant parasitic cyst nematodes secrete a number of effectors into hosts to initiate formation of syncytia and infection causing huge yield losses. OBJECTIVES The identified cyst nematode effectors are still limited, and the cyst nematode effectors-involved interaction mechanisms between cyst nematodes and plants remain largely unknown. METHODS The t-SNARE domain-containing effector in beet cyst nematode (BCN) was identified by In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses. The mutant of effector gene was designed by protein structure modeling analysis. The functions of effector gene and its mutant were analyzed by genetic transformation in Arabidopsis and infection by BCN. The protein-protein interaction was analyzed by yeast two hybrid, BiFC and pulldown assays. Gene expression was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS A t-SNARE domain-containing BCN HsSNARE1 was identified as an effector, and its mutant HsSNARE1-M1 carrying three mutations (E141D, A143T and -148S) that altered regional structure from random coils to α-helixes was designed and constructed. Transgenic analyses indicated that expression of HsSNARE1 significantly enhanced while expression of HsSNARE1-M1 and highly homologous HgSNARE1 remarkably suppressed BCN susceptibility of Arabidopsis. HsSNARE1 interacted with AtSNAP2 and AtPR1 via its t-SNARE domain and N-terminal, respectively, while HsSNARE1-M1/HgSNARE1 could not interact with AtPR1 but bound AtSNAP2. AtSNAP2, AtSHMT4 and AtPR1 interacted pairwise, but neither HsSNARE1 nor HsSNARE1-M1/HgSNARE1 could interact with AtSHMT4. Expression of HsSNARE1 significantly suppressed while expression of HsSNARE1-M1/HgSNARE1 considerably induced both AtSHMT4 and AtPR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis infected with BCN. Overexpression of AtPR1 significantly suppressed BCN susceptibility of Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS This work identified a t-SNARE-domain containing cyst nematode effector HsSNARE1 and deciphered a molecular mode of action of the t-SNARE-domain containing cyst nematode effectors that HsSNARE1 promotes cyst nematode disease by interaction with both AtSNAP2 and AtPR1 and significant suppression of both AtSHMT4 and AtPR1, which is mediated by three structure change-causing amino acid residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Irfan M, Kumar P, Ahmad I, Datta A. Unraveling the role of tomato Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) proteins during abiotic stress response and fruit ripening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21734. [PMID: 34741097 PMCID: PMC8571320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) family proteins are evolutionary conserved across all eukaryotes. These proteins interact with HSP70/HSC70 and function as co-chaperones during stress response and developmental pathways. Compared to the animal counterpart, the BAG proteins in plants are much less studied and primarily Arabidopsis BAG proteins have been identified and characterized for their role in programmed cell death, homeostasis, growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress response. Here, we have identified BAG protein family (SlBAGs) in tomato, an economically important and a model fruit crop using genome-wide scanning. We have performed phylogenetic analysis, genes architecture assessment, chromosomal location and in silico promoter analysis. Our data suggest that SlBAGs show differential tissue specific expression pattern during plant development particularly fruit development and ripening. Furthermore, we reported that expression of SlBAGs is modulated during abiotic stresses and is regulated by stress hormones ABA and ethylene. In planta subcellular localization reveals their diverse subcellular localization, and many members are localized in nucleus and cytoplasm. Like previous reports, our protein-protein interaction network and yeast two-hybrid analysis uncover that SlBAGs interact with HSP70. The current study provides insights into role of SlBAGs in plant development particualry fruit ripening and abiotic stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India. .,Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India ,grid.444600.20000 0004 0500 5898Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Asis Datta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pogorelko G, Wang J, Juvale PS, Mitchum MG, Baum TJ. Screening soybean cyst nematode effectors for their ability to suppress plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1240-1247. [PMID: 32672422 PMCID: PMC7411561 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most destructive pathogens of soybeans. SCN is an obligate and sedentary parasite that transforms host plant root cells into an elaborate permanent feeding site, a syncytium. Formation and maintenance of a viable syncytium is an absolute requirement for nematode growth and reproduction. In turn, sensing pathogen attack, plants activate defence responses and may trigger programmed cell death at the sites of infection. For successful parasitism, H. glycines must suppress these host defence responses to establish and maintain viable syncytia. Similar to other pathogens, H. glycines engages in these molecular interactions with its host via effector proteins. The goal of this study was to conduct a comprehensive screen to identify H. glycines effectors that interfere with plant immune responses. We used Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected by Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. Using these pathosystems, we screened 51 H. glycines effectors to identify candidates that could inhibit effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and/or pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). We identified three effectors as ETI suppressors and seven effectors as PTI suppressors. We also assessed expression modulation of plant immune marker genes as a function of these suppressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Pogorelko
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Jianying Wang
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Parijat S. Juvale
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Melissa G. Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Thomas J. Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| |
Collapse
|