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Mao X, Li L, Abubakar YS, Li Y, Luo Z, Chen M, Zheng W, Wang Z, Zheng H. Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase FgNdpk Is Required for DON Production and Pathogenicity by Regulating the Growth and Toxisome Formation of Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9637-9646. [PMID: 38642053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) are nucleotide metabolism enzymes that play different physiological functions in different species. However, the roles of NDPK in phytopathogen and mycotoxin production are not well understood. In this study, we showed that Fusarium graminearum FgNdpk is important for vegetative growth, conidiation, sexual development, and pathogenicity. Furthermore, FgNdpk is required for deoxynivalenol (DON) production; deletion of FgNDPK downregulates the expression of DON biosynthesis genes and disrupts the formation of FgTri4-GFP-labeled toxisomes, while overexpression of FgNDPK significantly increases DON production. Interestingly, FgNdpk colocalizes with the DON biosynthesis proteins FgTri1 and FgTri4 in the toxisome, and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays show that FgNdpk associates with FgTri1 and FgTri4 in vivo and regulates their localizations and expressions, respectively. Taken together, these data demonstrate that FgNdpk is important for vegetative growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity and acts as a key protein that regulates toxisome formation and DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhao Mao
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810281, Nigeria
| | - Yulong Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zenghong Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huawei Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Niu G, Yang Q, Liao Y, Sun D, Tang Z, Wang G, Xu M, Wang C, Kang J. Advances in Understanding Fusarium graminearum: Genes Involved in the Regulation of Sexual Development, Pathogenesis, and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:475. [PMID: 38674409 PMCID: PMC11050156 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The wheat head blight disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major concern for food security and the health of both humans and animals. As a pathogenic microorganism, F. graminearum produces virulence factors during infection to increase pathogenicity, including various macromolecular and small molecular compounds. Among these virulence factors, secreted proteins and deoxynivalenol (DON) are important weapons for the expansion and colonization of F. graminearum. Besides the presence of virulence factors, sexual reproduction is also crucial for the infection process of F. graminearum and is indispensable for the emergence and spread of wheat head blight. Over the last ten years, there have been notable breakthroughs in researching the virulence factors and sexual reproduction of F. graminearum. This review aims to analyze the research progress of sexual reproduction, secreted proteins, and DON of F. graminearum, emphasizing the regulation of sexual reproduction and DON synthesis. We also discuss the application of new gene engineering technologies in the prevention and control of wheat head blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Niu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Yihui Liao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Daiyuan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhe Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Guanghui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Chenfang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiangang Kang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.N.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Z.T.); (G.W.); (M.X.)
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Shen N, Han L, Liu Z, Deng X, Zhu S, Liu C, Tang D, Li Y. The Microtubule End Binding Protein Mal3 Is Essential for the Dynamic Assembly of Microtubules during Magnaporthe oryzae Growth and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2672. [PMID: 38473921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) play crucial roles in many aspects of life processes in eukaryotic organisms. They dynamically assemble physiologically important MT arrays under different cell conditions. Currently, aspects of MT assembly underlying the development and pathogenesis of the model plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) are unclear. In this study, we characterized the MT plus end binding protein MoMal3 in M. oryzae. We found that knockout of MoMal3 results in defects in hyphal polar growth, appressorium-mediated host penetration and nucleus division. Using high-resolution live-cell imaging, we further found that the MoMal3 mutant assembled a rigid MT in parallel with the MT during hyphal polar growth, the cage-like network in the appressorium and the stick-like spindle in nuclear division. These aberrant MT organization patterns in the MoMal3 mutant impaired actin-based cell growth and host infection. Taken together, these findings showed that M. oryzae relies on MoMal3 to assemble elaborate MT arrays for growth and infection. The results also revealed the assembly mode of MTs in M. oryzae, indicating that MTs are pivotal for M. oryzae growth and host infection and may be new targets for devastating fungus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Libo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xianya Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Shi D, Wang J, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Mbadianya JI, Chen C. Overexpression of FgPtp3 Is Involved in Fludioxonil Resistance in Fusarium graminearum by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of FgHog1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12807-12818. [PMID: 37585613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a destructive disease in cereal crops worldwide. Resistance to fludioxonil has been reported in F. graminearum in the field, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, 152 fludioxonil-resistant (FR) mutants of F. graminearum were obtained by selection in vitro. The FR strains exhibited dramatically impaired fitness, but only 7 of the 13 analyzed strains possessed mutations in genes previously reported to underlie fludioxonil resistance. Comparison between the FR-132 strain and its parental strain PH-1 using whole genome sequencing revealed no mutations between them, but transcriptome analysis, after the strains were treated with 0.5 μg/mL fludioxonil, revealed 2778 differently expressed genes (DEGs) mapped to 96 KEGG pathways. Investigation of DEGs in the MAPK pathway showed that overexpression of the tyrosine protein phosphatase FgPtp3, but not FgPtp2, enhanced fludioxonil resistance. Further analysis found that FgPtp3 interacted directly with FgHog1 to regulate the phosphorylation of Hog1, and overexpressed FgPtp3 in PH-1 could significantly suppress the phosphorylation of FgHog1 and hinder signal transmission of the HOG-MAPK pathway. Overall, FgPtp3 plays a significant role in regulating fludioxonil resistance in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jane Ifunanya Mbadianya
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wachowska U, Pluskota W, Jastrzębski JP, Głowacka K, Szablewska-Stuper K, Balcerzak M. A method for reducing the concentrations of Fusarium graminearum trichothecenes in durum wheat grain with the use of Debaryomyces hansenii. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 397:110211. [PMID: 37105049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most dangerous diseases of durum wheat. This hemibiotrophic pathogen transitions from the biotrophic phase, during which it penetrates host tissues and secretes trichothecenes, to the necrotrophic phase which leads to the destruction of host tissues. Yeasts applied to spikes often reduce mycotoxin concentrations, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the concentrations trichothecenes in durum wheat grain and changes in the F. graminearum transcriptome under the influence the Debaryomyces hansenii antagonistic yeast strain. Debaryomyces hansenii cells adhered to and formed cell aggregates/biofilm on the surface of spikes and pathogenic hyphae. Biological control suppressed the spread of F. graminearum by 90 % and decreased the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) in spikes by 31.2 %. Yeasts significantly reduced the expression of pathogen's genes encoding the rpaI subunit of RNA polymerase I and the activator of Hsp90 ATPase, but they had no effect on mRNA transcript levels of genes encoding the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. The yeast treatment reduced the number of F. graminearum operational taxonomic units (OTUs) nearly five-fold and increased the number of D. hansenii OTUs more than six-fold in the spike mycobiome. The mechanisms that suppress infections should be explored to develop effective biological methods for reducing the concentrations mycotoxins in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wachowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Pluskota
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Poland
| | | | - Margaret Balcerzak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada
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Yan H, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Shim WB. Vacuole Proteins with Optimized Microtubule Assembly Is Required for Fum1 Protein Localization and Fumonisin Biosynthesis in Mycotoxigenic Fungus Fusarium verticillioides. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020268. [PMID: 36836382 PMCID: PMC9961181 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin contamination of corn caused by Fusarium verticillioides is a major concern worldwide. While key genes involved in fumonisin biosynthesis are known, the location within the fungal cell where this process occurs has yet to be fully characterized. In this study, three key enzymes, i.e., Fum1, Fum8, and Fum6, associated with early steps of fumonisin biosynthesis pathway, were tagged with GFP, and we examined their cellular localization. Results showed that these three proteins co-localized with the vacuole. To further understand the role of the vacuole in fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthesis, we disrupted two predicted vacuole associated proteins, FvRab7 and FvVam7, resulting in a significant reduction of FB1 biosynthesis and a lack of Fum1-GFP fluorescence signal. Furthermore, we used the microtubule-targeting drug carbendazim to show that proper microtubule assembly is critical for proper Fum1 protein localization and FB1 biosynthesis. Additionally, we found that α1 tubulin is a negative regulator in FB1 biosynthesis. We concluded that vacuole proteins with optimized microtubule assembly play a crucial role in proper Fum1 protein localization and fumonisin production in F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- College of Plant Protection & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Plant Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.B.S.)
| | - Won Bo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.B.S.)
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Functional roles of α 1-, α 2-, β 1-, β 2-tubulin in vegetative growth, microtubule assembly and sexual reproduction of Fusarium graminearum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0096721. [PMID: 34378994 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00967-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum contains two α-tubulin (α1 and α2) isotypes and two β-tubulin isotypes (β1 and β2). The functional roles of these tubulins in microtubule assembly are not clear. Previous studies showed that α1- and β2-tubulin deletion mutants showed severe growth defects and hypersensitivity to carbendazim, which have not been well explained. Here, we investigated the interaction between α- and β-tubulin of F. graminearum. Co-localization experiments demonstrated that β1- and β2-tubulin are co-localized. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment suggested that β1-tubulin binds to both α1- and α2-tubulin and β2-tubulin can also bind to α1- or α2-tubulin. Interestingly, deletion of α1-tubulin increased the interaction between β2-tubulin and α2-tubulin. Microtubule observation assays showed that deletion of α1-tubulin completely disrupted β1-tubulin-containing microtubules and significantly decreased β2-tubulin-containing microtubules. Deletion of α2-, β1- or β2-tubulin respectively had no obvious effect on the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, microtubules in α1- and β2-tubulin deletion mutants were easily depolymerized in the presence of carbendazim. The sexual reproduction assay indicates that α1- and β1-tubulin deletion mutants could not produce asci and ascospores. These results implied that α1-tubulin may be essential for the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, our Δα1-2×α2 mutant (α1-tubulin deletion mutant containing two copies of α2-tubulin) exhibited a normal microtubule network, growth and sexual reproduction. Interestingly, the Δα1-2×α2 mutant was still hypersensitive to carbendazim. In addition, both β1-tubulin and β2-tubulin were found to bind the mitochondrial outer membrane voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), indicating they could regulate the function of VDAC. Importance: In this study, we found that F. graminearum contains four different α-/β-tubulin heterodimers (α1-β1, α1-β2, α2-β1 and α2-β2) and they assemble together into a single microtubule. Moreover, α1-, α2-tubulins are functionally interchangeable in microtubule assembly, vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. These results provide more insights into functional roles of different tubulins of F. graminearum which could be helpful for purification of tubulin heterodimers and developing new tubulin-binding agents.
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Delivering the goods: Fungal secretion modulates virulence during host–pathogen interactions. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhou Z, Zhang J, Lu F, Duan Y, Zhou M. Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase FgGPI, a β 2 Tubulin-Interacting Protein, Is Indispensable for Fungal Development and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:531-540. [PMID: 33544003 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-20-0279-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is ubiquitous in most organisms, catalyzing the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. In this study, we investigated biological and genetic functions of FgGPI in the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum. We found that hyphal growth, conidial germination, and septa formation were significantly inhibited in FgGPI deletion mutant ∆FgGPI. FgGPI was also positively associated with glucose metabolism, ATP biosynthesis, and carbon source utilization. In addition, pyruvate production, deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis, and virulence were reduced in ∆FgGPI. A coimmunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that FgGPI interacts with Fgβ2. More importantly, the coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that carbendazim-resistant substitutions in β2 tubulin could reduce the interaction intensity between FgGPI and Fgβ2, thereby increasing FgGPI expression and accelerating DON biosynthesis in carbendazim-resistant strains. Taken together, our work revealed the indispensable role of FgGPI in fungal developmental processes, DON biosynthesis, and pathogenicity in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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