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Brilhante RSN, Araújo GDS, Fonseca XMQC, Guedes GMDM, Aguiar LD, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA, Sidrim JJC, Pereira Neto WA, Rocha MFG. Antifungal effect of anthraquinones against Cryptococcus neoformans: detection of synergism with amphotericin B. Med Mycol 2020; 59:myaa081. [PMID: 32926150 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of tolerant Cryptococcus neoformans strains to antifungals has been described. It has directed researchers to screen for new antimicrobial compounds. In this context, several plant-derived compounds, such as anthraquinones (aloe emodin, barbaloin, and chrysophanol), have been investigated for their antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of aloe emodin, barbaloin and chrysophanol on C. neoformans in vitro growth. In addition, the interaction between these anthraquinones and amphotericin B and itraconazole was evaluated. Initially, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these compounds were determined against 17 strains of C. neoformans by the broth microdilution method and then pharmacological interaction assays were performed with 15 strains by the checkerboard method. Aloe emodin, barbaloin, and chrysophanol showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 236.82-473.65 μM (64-128 μg/mL), 153-306 μM (64-128 μg/ml) and ≥1007 μM (≥256 μg/ml), respectively. Furthermore, aloe emodin (11/15), barbaloin (13/15), and chrysophanol (12/15) showed pharmacological synergism (FICI < 0.5) with amphotericin B at subinhibitory concentrations (MIC/4). The itraconazole-aloe emodin interaction was additive (1/15) (0.5 < FICI < 1.0). The itraconazole-barbaloin interaction were synergistic (2/15) and additive (5/15); whereas itraconazole-chrysophanol interactions were additive (2/15). Anthraquinones, especially aloe emodin and barbaloin, present in vitro antifungal activity against C. neoformans and potentiate the antifungal activity of amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dos Santos Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Xhaulla Maria Quariguasi Cunha Fonseca
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lara de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro Aquino Pereira Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Firacative C, Lizarazo J, Illnait-Zaragozí MT, Castañeda E. The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e170554. [PMID: 29641639 PMCID: PMC5888000 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by the encapsulated
yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii,
acquired from the environment. In Latin America, as occurring
worldwide, C. neoformans causes more than 90% of the cases of
cryptococcosis, affecting predominantly patients with HIV, while C.
gattii generally affects otherwise healthy individuals. In this
region, cryptococcal meningitis is the most common presentation, with
amphotericin B and fluconazole being the antifungal drugs of choice. Avian
droppings are the predominant environmental reservoir of C.
neoformans, while C. gattii is associated with
several arboreal species. Importantly, C. gattii has a high
prevalence in Latin America and has been proposed to be the likely origin of
some C. gattii populations in North America. Thus, in the
recent years, significant progress has been made with the study of the basic
biology and laboratory identification of cryptococcal strains, in understanding
their ecology, population genetics, host-pathogen interactions, and the clinical
epidemiology of this important mycosis in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Firacative
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jairo Lizarazo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Universidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Illnait-Zaragozí
- Diagnosis and Reference Centre, Bacteriology-Mycology Department Research, Tropical Medicine Institute Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
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de Moraes Vasconcelos D, Domingues-Ferreira M, Soares MCP, dos Anjos Martins M, de Almeida Bezerra T, Paula CR, Auler ME. Cryptococcus gattii: immunological and microbiological study in a patient with neurocryptococcosis. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dewton de Moraes Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit 56, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFM-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Domingues-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit 56, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFM-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit 56, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFM-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilena dos Anjos Martins
- Mycology Section of the Center for Parasitology and Mycology, Institute Adolfo Lutz of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Almeida Bezerra
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit 56, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFM-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Ereno Auler
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade do Paraná-UNICENTRO, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit 56, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFM-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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