1
|
Herman TS, da Silva Goersch C, Bocca AL, Fernandes L. Resazurin to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration on antifungal susceptibility assays for Fonsecaea sp. using a modified EUCAST protocol. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1349-1357. [PMID: 38438831 PMCID: PMC11153478 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a fungal chronic disease, which affects humans, especially in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. There is no standard treatment for Chromoblastomycosis, and it is a therapeutic challenge, due natural resistance of their causative agents, inadequate response of patients and common cases of relapse. Protocols for determination of antifungal drugs susceptibility are not standardized for chromoblastomycosis agents and endpoint definition is usually based on visual inspection, which depends on the analyst, making it sometimes inaccurate. We presented a colorimetric and quantitative methodology based on resazurin reduction to resofurin to determine the metabolic status of viable cells of Fonsecaea sp. Performing antifungal susceptibility assay by a modified EUCAST protocol allied to resazurin, we validated the method to identify the minimum inhibitory concentrations of itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and terbinafine for eight Fonsecaea clinical isolates. According to our data, resazurin is a good indicator of metabolic status of viable cells, including those exposed to antifungal drugs. This work aimed to test resazurin as an indicator of the metabolic activity of Fonsecaea species in susceptibility assays to antifungal drugs. Species of this genus are the main causative agents of Chromoblastomycosis, which affects humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sobianski Herman
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Camila da Silva Goersch
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Microbial Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Microbial Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pintye A, Bacsó R, Kovács GM. Trans-kingdom fungal pathogens infecting both plants and humans, and the problem of azole fungicide resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1354757. [PMID: 38410389 PMCID: PMC10896089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Azole antifungals are abundantly used in the environment and play an important role in managing fungal diseases in clinics. Due to the widespread use, azole resistance is an emerging global problem for all applications in several fungal species, including trans-kingdom pathogens, capable of infecting plants and humans. Azoles used in agriculture and clinics share the mode of action and facilitating cross-resistance development. The extensive use of azoles in the environment, e.g., for plant protection and wood preservation, contributes to the spread of resistant populations and challenges using these antifungals in medical treatments. The target of azoles is the cytochrome p450 lanosterol 14-α demethylase encoded by the CYP51 (called also as ERG11 in the case of yeasts) gene. Resistance mechanisms involve mainly the mutations in the coding region in the CYP51 gene, resulting in the inadequate binding of azoles to the encoded Cyp51 protein, or mutations in the promoter region causing overexpression of the protein. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued the first fungal priority pathogens list (FPPL) to raise awareness of the risk of fungal infections and the increasingly rapid spread of antifungal resistance. Here, we review the main issues about the azole antifungal resistance of trans-kingdom pathogenic fungi with the ability to cause serious human infections and included in the WHO FPPL. Methods for the identification of these species and detection of resistance are summarized, highlighting the importance of these issues to apply the proper treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pintye
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Bacsó
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M. Kovács
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evaluation of a custom Sensititre YeastOne plate for susceptibility testing of isavuconazole and other antifungals against clinically relevant yeast and mould species in three Australian diagnostic mycology laboratories. Pathology 2022; 54:922-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Radcliffe C, Radcliffe AJ, Azar MM, Grant M. Dematiaceous fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13819. [PMID: 35253959 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dematiaceous fungi cause a number of infectious syndromes referred to as phaeohyphomycosis among both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We performed a systematic review to characterize these infections in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). METHODS We searched PubMed database (last searched 1/6/2022) for English-language reports on dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. Included reports needed individualized demographic, treatment, and outcome data; pediatric reports were excluded. A universally applicable bias assessment was performed on reports. Models for infection type and outcome were created using the Bayesian paradigm. RESULTS We included 149 reports on 201 cases of dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. The mean age was 54 years, 72% were men, and kidney recipients accounted for 61% of cases. Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) was the most common infectious syndrome (73%). Death from infection occurred in 7% of cases (14/201), with disseminated (32%) cases having the highest mortality. Our model for infection type predicted the relative probability of central nervous system infection to be highest in liver recipients. Across all transplant types, higher relative probabilities of disseminated and pulmonary infections occur in the early post-transplant period, and the predicted probabilities for these infection types decreased after 100 months post-transplantation. DISCUSSION We identified SSTI as the most common dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. Disseminated infections carried the worst prognosis. The evidence in this review is limited by the heterogeneity of included cases. No funding source was used, and this review's protocol was not registered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwan M Azar
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Grant
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Sun J, Li M, Cai W, Chen Y, Liu Y, Huang H, Xie Z, Zeng W, Xi L. Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:810604. [PMID: 35252030 PMCID: PMC8894709 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.810604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic disease caused by several species of dematiaceous fungi. In this study, a regional collection of 45 CBM cases was conducted in Guangdong, China, a hyper-endemic area of CBM. Epidemiology findings indicated that the mean age of cases was 61.38 ± 11.20 years, long duration ranged from 3 months to 30 years, and the gender ratio of male to female was 4.6:1. Thirteen cases (29%) declared underlying diseases. Verrucous form was the most common clinical manifestation (n = 19, 42%). Forty-five corresponding clinical strains were isolated, and 28 of them (62%) were identified as F. monophora; the remaining 17 (38%) were identified as F. nubica through ITS rDNA sequence analysis. Antifungal susceptibility tests in vitro showed low MICs in azoles (PCZ 0.015–0.25 μg/ml, VCZ 0.015–0.5 μg/ml, and ITZ 0.03–0.5 μg/ml) and TRB (0.015–1 μg/ml). Itraconazole combined with terbinafine was the main therapeutic strategy used for 31 of 45 cases, and 68% (n = 21) of them improved or were cured. Cytokine profile assays indicated upregulation of IL-4, IL-7, IL-15, IL-11, and IL-17, while downregulation of IL-1RA, MIP-1β, IL-8, and IL-16 compared to healthy donors (p < 0.05). The abnormal cytokine profiles indicated impaired immune response to eliminate fungus in CBM cases, which probably contributed to the chronic duration of this disease. In conclusion, we investigated the molecular epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of CBM in Guangdong, China, which may assist further clinical therapy, as well as fundamental pathogenesis studies of CBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Dermatology Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minying Li
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Cai
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxia Chen
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenmou Xie
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiying Zeng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Xi
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liyan Xi,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma B, Nonzom S. Novel cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici and Phialemonium obovatum from North India. Mycoses 2021; 64:1489-1497. [PMID: 34601740 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of non-dermatophytic moulds and yeasts with the ability to act as human pathogens are reported every year. Dematiaceous fungi cause phaeohyphomycosis which encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from superficial (cutaneous and subcutaneous) to disseminated infections. Such fungal infections are responsible for causing significant morbidity and mortality, frequently in immunocompromised patients and rarely in immunocompetent patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of cutaneous mycosis in Jammu district (India) and to isolate and identify the recovered causal agents from the affected skin of the patients. METHODS For direct microscopy, 10% KOH was used. Skin samples were collected carefully from the affected areas of suspected patients, followed by the isolation and identification of the causal agents by cultural examination, morphological examination and ITS sequencing. RESULTS Herein, we report and describe three new cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis from District Jammu of Union Territory Jammu and Kashmir, India. The age of the patients under study ranged from 17 to 42 years and the duration of infection from 1 to 2 years. The etiological agents that were recovered from the patients under study were Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici and Phialemonium obovatum. These dematiaceous fungal species were isolated from the skin specimen of immunocompetent hosts. CONCLUSION Among the three isolated etiological agents, two (Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici) represent new global records and one (Phialemonium obovatum) new record to India as causal agents of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Careful microscopic and mycological examination form the basis of correct diagnosis of such fungal infections in the absence of simple and reliable laboratory tests (serologic or antigen tests).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kidd SE, Crawford LC, Halliday CL. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing and Identification. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021; 35:313-339. [PMID: 34016280 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The requirement for antifungal susceptibility testing is increasing given the availability of new drugs, increasing populations of individuals at risk for fungal infection, and emerging multiresistant fungi. Rapid and accurate fungal identification remains at the forefront of laboratory efforts to guide empiric therapy. Antifungal susceptibility testing methods have greatly improved, but are subject to variation in results between methods. Careful standardization, validation, and extensive training of users is essential to ensure susceptibility results are clinically useful and interpreted appropriately. Interpretive criteria for many drugs and species are still lacking, but this will continue to evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Centre, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, SA Pathology (Frome Campus), PO Box 14, Rundle Mall, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Lucy C Crawford
- Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, PO Box 14, Rundle Mall, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catriona L Halliday
- Clinical Mycology Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Level 3 ICPMR, Darcy Road, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petraitis V, Petraitiene R, Katragkou A, Maung BBW, Moradi PW, Sussman-Straus GE, Naing E, Kovanda LL, Finkelman MA, Walsh TJ. Antifungal efficacy of isavuconazole and liposomal amphotericin B in a rabbit model of Exserohilum rostratum meningoencephalitis: A preclinical paradigm for management of CNS phaeohyphomycosis. Med Mycol 2021; 59:189-196. [PMID: 33313821 PMCID: PMC7857906 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for Exserohilum rostratum meningoencephalitis and other causes of phaeohyphomycosis of the central nervous system (CNS) are limited, while mortality and morbidity remain high. We therefore evaluated isavuconazole, a new antifungal triazole in comparison to liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), in vitro and in the rabbit model of Exserohilum rostratum meningoencephalitis. We hypothesized that isavuconazole alone or in combination with LAMB or micafungin may be alternative options for treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis. We therefore investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of isavuconazole alone or in combination with amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAMB) or micafungin and efficacy of treatment with isavuconazole and LAMB in a rabbit model of experimental E. rostratum meningoencephalitis. Combination checkerboard plates were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations, minimal lethal concentrations, fractional inhibitory concentration indices, and Bliss surface analysis of isavuconazole and amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAMB), either alone or in combination. As there were no in vitro synergistic or antagonistic interactions for either combination of antifungal agents against the E. rostratum isolates, in vivo studies were conducted with isavuconazole and LAMB as monotherapies. Rabbits were divided in following groups: treated with isavuconazole at 60 mg/kg/d (ISAV60), LAMB at 5.0 (LAMB5), 7.5 (LAMB7.5), and 10 mg/kg/d (LAMB10), and untreated controls (UC). In ISAV60-, LAMB5-, LAMB7.5-, and LAMB10-treated rabbits, significant reductions of fungal burden of E. rostratum in cerebral, cerebellar, and spinal cord tissues (P < 0.01) were demonstrated in comparison to those of UC. These antifungal effects correlated with significant reduction of CSF (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels vs UC (P < 0.05). These data establish new translational insights into treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruta Petraitiene
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aspasia Katragkou
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Bo Bo Win Maung
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patriss W Moradi
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gittel E Sussman-Straus
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ethan Naing
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura L Kovanda
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rai M, Ingle AP, Ingle P, Gupta I, Mobin M, Bonifaz A, Alves M. Recent advances on mycotic keratitis caused by dematiaceous hyphomycetes. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1652-1667. [PMID: 33462841 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dematiaceous hyphomycetes (DH) are darkly pigmented fungi ubiquitously found all over the world as plant pathogens and saprophytes, and many of the members of this group have emerged as opportunistic pathogens. These fungi are responsible for a wide variety of infections including mycotic keratitis, which is considered as one of the major causes of corneal blindness, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries with an annual global burden of about 1 000 000 patients. The infection is more common in workers working in an outdoor environment. Moreover, trauma is found to be the most important predisposing cause of mycotic keratitis. Considerable delay in diagnosis and scarcity of effective pharmacological drugs are the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and visual impairment. Considering the crucial role of DH in mycotic keratitis, in the present review, we have focused on major DH with special emphasis on their pathogenicity, diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - A P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - I Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Mobin
- Research Laboratory, University Center UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina, Brazil
| | - A Bonifaz
- Department of Mycology & Dermatology Service, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bao F, Pan Q, Wang Z, Liu H, Zhang F. Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Sporothrix globosa in Shandong, China. Mycoses 2020; 63:1191-1194. [PMID: 32654196 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of Sporothrix globosa isolated from Shandong, China, and compare the differences of antifungal activity in vitro between yeast and mycelial phases. METHODS The in vitro sensitivity of mycelium phase and yeast phase of Sporothrix globosa to anidulafungin, micafungin, caspofungin, 5-flucytosine, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B was tested by Sensititre™ YeastOne™. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of mycelium phase and yeast phase were calculated. SPSS 19.0 software was used to conduct non-parametric rank sum test for MIC values, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mycelium phase and yeast phase were the most sensitive to itraconazole and the least sensitive to fluconazole. The yeast phase of the same strain was more sensitive to itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, micafungin, anidulafungin, caspofungin and 5-fluorouracil, compared with the mycelium (P < .05). However, fluconazole and amphotericin B had no significant difference in mycelium phase and yeast phase. CONCLUSIONS Itraconazole is the most active antifungal agent in vitro against S globosa. The yeast phase of the same strain is more sensitive than that of the mycelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Veneorology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Veneorology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Veneorology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Veneorology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Veneorology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole and Isavuconazole against Dematiaceous Fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00643-20. [PMID: 32571811 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00643-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of 11 antifungals against 84 dematiaceous fungi were tested. For most tested fungal species, the MIC values of ravuconazole and isavuconazole were lower than those obtained with itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. Ravuconazole and isavuconazole appear to be more efficient against most dematiaceous fungal infections than the other triazoles. However, some pigmented fungi, such as Bipolaris spicifera and Veronaea botryosa, remain more susceptible to other triazoles or to echinocandins.
Collapse
|
12
|
Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Maung BW, Naing E, Kavaliauskas P, Walsh TJ. Posaconazole Alone and in Combination with Caspofungin for Treatment of Experimental Exserohilum rostratum Meningoencephalitis: Developing New Strategies for Treatment of Phaeohyphomycosis of the Central Nervous System. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010033. [PMID: 32150900 PMCID: PMC7151063 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a life-threatening infection associated with severe morbidity. New approaches to treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis are critically needed. We therefore studied posaconazole with or without caspofungin for treatment of experimental CNS phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum. Each clinical isolate of E. rostratum isolate was inoculated intracisternally with 1.0 × 106 microconidia to fully anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Profound persistent neutropenia and immunosuppression were established and maintained using cytarabine and methylprednisolone, respectively. Study groups consisted of posaconazole suspension administered as oral formulation at 10 (PSC10) or 20 (PSC20) mg/kg, caspofungin (CFG) at 2 mg/kg intravenously (IV), combinations of PSC10+CFG or PSC20+CFG, and untreated controls (UC). Posaconazole produced a significant reduction of residual fungal burden of E. rostratum in cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, and paravertebral muscle (p < 0.01), in comparison to UC. The combination of PSC10+CFG and PSC20+CFG achieved full clearance of residual fungal burden from cerebrum, while only PSC20+CFG treated rabbits demonstrated clearance from cerebellum, spinal cord, and paravertebral muscle (p < 0.01). These data correlated with the significant reduction of CSF (1→3)-β-d-glucan levels in rabbits treated with PSC20 and PSC20+CFG in comparison to those of UC (p < 0.05). Posaconazole alone or in combination with caspofungin demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy in the treatment of experimental E. rostratum meningoencephalitis and warrants further study for treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Petraitiene
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (B.W.M.); (E.N.); (P.K.); (T.J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-746-7806
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (B.W.M.); (E.N.); (P.K.); (T.J.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, LT-59115 Prienai, Lithuania
| | - BoBo Win Maung
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (B.W.M.); (E.N.); (P.K.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Ethan Naing
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (B.W.M.); (E.N.); (P.K.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (B.W.M.); (E.N.); (P.K.); (T.J.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, LT-59115 Prienai, Lithuania
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (B.W.M.); (E.N.); (P.K.); (T.J.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|