1
|
Morovati H, Kord M, Ahmadikia K, Eslami S, Hemmatzadeh M, Kurdestani KM, Khademi M, Darabian S. A Comprehensive Review of Identification Methods for Pathogenic Yeasts: Challenges and Approaches. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:187. [PMID: 37694259 PMCID: PMC10492613 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_375_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of yeast infections and the presence of drug-resistant isolates, accurate identification of the pathogenic yeasts is essential for the management of yeast infections. In this review, we tried to introduce the routine and novel techniques applied for yeast identification. Laboratory identification methods of pathogenic yeast are classified into three categories; I. conventional methods, including microscopical and culture-base methods II. biochemical/physiological-processes methods III. molecular methods. While conventional and biochemical methods require more precautions and are not specific in some cases, molecular diagnostic methods are the optimum tools for diagnosing pathogenic yeasts in a short time with high accuracy and specificity, and having various methods that cover different purposes, and affordable costs for researchers. Nucleotide sequencing is a reference or gold standard for identifying pathogenic yeasts. Since it is an expensive method, it is not widely used in developing countries. However, novel identification techniques are constantly updated, and we recommend further studies in this field. The results of this study will guide researchers in finding more accurate diagnostic method(s) for their studies in a short period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kord
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eslami
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hemmatzadeh
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian M. Kurdestani
- Department of Microbiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sima Darabian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Francisco EC, Ebbing M, Colombo AL, Hagen F. Identification of Clinical Trichosporon asteroides Strains by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Evaluation of the Bruker Daltonics Commercial System and an In-House Developed Library. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:243-249. [PMID: 37067663 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon asteroides is an emerging yeast-like pathogen commonly misidentified by commercial biochemical identification systems. We evaluated the performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of 21 clinical T. asteroides strains using the Bruker Daltonics database (BDAL) and an in-house developed library. Mass spectra were obtained by the FlexControl system v.3.4, and characterizations were performed in the Biotyper BDAL database v.4.1 and the developed in-house library. Species identification for T. asteroides failed as all 21 strains were misidentified as T. japonicum (log-scores 1.89-2.19). Extending the existing database was crucial to achieving 100% correct species-level identification and accurate distinction between species. Our results indicate that the commercial BDAL database has no discriminatory power to distinguish between T. japonicum and T. asteroides. Whereas improvement of the current BDAL database is pending, we strongly advise system users not to exclude the possibility of the failure to report T. asteroides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Francisco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil.
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mexx Ebbing
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Francisco EC, Dieleman C, Hagen F, Colombo AL, Mendes AVA, de Oliveira Silva M, de Andrade Barberino MG, Neves RP, Botura MB, Hahn RC, de Almeida Junior JN, Ponzio V, de Tarso O e Castro P, Guimarães T, Santos DW, de Miranda BG, Silva ILAFE, Carlesse F, Ramos JF, Queiroz-Telles F, Aquino VR, Motta FA, Schwarzbold AV, Perozin JS. In vitro activity of isavuconazole against clinically relevant Trichosporon species: a comparative evaluation of EUCAST broth microdilution and MIC Test Strip methods. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:817-822. [PMID: 36702754 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vitro activity of isavuconazole on 154 clinical and reference strains of Trichosporon asahii, Trichosporon asteroides, Trichosporon coremiiforme, Trichosporon faecale and Trichosporon inkin by using the EUCAST broth microdilution method (BMD) and Liofilchem MIC Test Strips (MTS). METHODS Antifungal susceptibility testing for isavuconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole was assessed by EUCAST E.DEF 7.3.2. MIC values of isavuconazole obtained by BMD after 48 h of incubation were compared with MTS MICs after 24 and 48 h of incubation. RESULTS T. asahii and T. asteroides showed the highest isavuconazole MIC90 values (0.5 mg/L). In clinical isolates, T. asahii exhibited the highest MIC90 values (0.5 mg/L) compared with non-T. asahii (0.06-0.25 mg/L). The five non-WT T. asahii isolates for fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole also exhibited high MICs of isavuconazole (≥0.5 mg/L). A better correlation between MTS and BMD MICs was observed after 24 h incubation for all species tested. MTS measurements performed at 48 h increased by at least 122% the number of isolates with >2 dilutions compared with the standard method. CONCLUSIONS Isavuconazole exhibited variable in vitro activity among the Trichosporon species tested, showing higher or equal MICs than the other azoles. The five non-WT T. asahii clinical isolates tested also exhibited high isavuconazole MICs, suggesting the occurrence of triazole cross-resistance. Our MTS data indicate that there is no advantage in extended reading time for MTS from 24 to 48 h for Trichosporon yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Francisco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil.,Medical Mycology Group, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chendo Dieleman
- Medical Mycology Group, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Medical Mycology Group, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malacrida AM, Corrêa JL, Barros ILE, Veiga FF, Pereira EDCA, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Hospital Trichosporon asahii isolates with simple architecture biofilms and high resistance to antifungals routinely used in clinical practice. J Mycol Med 2022; 33:101356. [PMID: 36563454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections by Trichosporon spp. are increasing worldwide and its treatment remains a challenge. Colonization of medical devices has been considered as a predisposing factor for trichosporonosis, which is related to fungal biofilm production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of six hospital T. asahii isolates to form biofilm on abiotic surface, as well as to investigate the impact of three classic antifungals on both planktonic and biofilm forms. The fungal identification was based on macro and micromorphological characteristics, biochemical tests and confirmation by mass spectrometry assisted by the flight time desorption/ionization matrix (MALDI-TOF MS). Antifungal susceptibility assay of planktonic cells showed inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 µg/mL for voriconazole, 2 to 8 µg/mL for fluconazole, and 1 to 4 µg/mL for amphotericin B. All T. asahii strains were able to form biofilms on the polystyrene microplates surface within 24 h, showing a simple architecture when compared with Candida spp. biofilm. On the other hand, the same antifungals did not show action in neither the inhibition of biofilm formation nor on the formed biofilm. Concluding, the present study reinforced the relevance of the MALDI-TOF MS methodology for a safe identification of T. asahii. Classic antifungals were active on the planktonic form, but not on the biofilms. All isolates formed biofilms on the polystyrene microplates and showed a simple architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Milene Malacrida
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Luiz Corrêa
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabella Letícia Esteves Barros
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Franco Veiga
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elton da Cruz Alves Pereira
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Faster and accurate identification of clinically important Trichosporon using MALDI TOF MS. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:359-364. [PMID: 35738950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trichosporon species are emerging human pathogens, accounting for the second most common cause of non-candidal mycosis. Rapid and reliable identification of these agents allows a better understanding of their epidemiology and therapeutic management. The Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique has the potential to be precise, fast and cost-effective. However, the precision of identification totally depends upon the type of protein extraction method used and embedded database in the system. Our objectives were to standardize the protein extraction technique and expand the present Bruker database by creating an in-house database and validating it with diverse clinical Trichosporon species of Indian origin. METHODS Two different protein extraction protocols (on-plate and off-plate) were evaluated. The off-plate protocol was finalized for the identification. MALDI TOF MS with the existing Bruker database was evaluated for its ability to identify a total of 79 intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) gene sequence confirmed clinical isolates of 5 different Trichosporon species. RESULTS As outcome, off plate protocol yielded higher accuracy (73% on the species level and 95% on the genus level) than on-plate (25% on the genus level) in terms of log scores. The existing database for Trichosporon species was enriched with 28 sequence confirmed isolates, which improved accuracy from 73% to 100% and were identified up to species level with a log score >2.3. CONCLUSIONS Used with standardized protein-extraction protocol along with an expanded database, MALDI-TOF MS could be a rapid and reliable approach to identify clinical Trichosporon species routinely in the laboratory.
Collapse
|
6
|
Trichosporon asahii Urinary Tract Infection in a Patient with Severe COVID-19. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021; 2021:6841393. [PMID: 34925928 PMCID: PMC8683162 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6841393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a yeast-like basidiomycete that is an emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Urinary tract infections due to T. asahii are rarely reported in the literature and typically seen only in immunocompromised patients. In addition to being immunocompromised, critically ill COVID-19 patients often have prolonged exposure to antibiotics, corticosteroids, and Foley catheters, which further increases their susceptibility to infection with T. asahii. There are limited case reports documenting successful treatment of T. asahii among hospitalized patients, particularly among COVID-19 patients, in the literature. Therefore, it is important that successful treatment regimens be reported. Here, we report a case of T. asahii urinary tract infection successfully treated with fluconazole and voriconazole in a 73-year-old male recovering from COVID-19. Urinary tract infections with T. asahii should be considered in persistently febrile COVID-19 patients with fungal urinary tract infections since prompt recognition and treatment can reduce the risk of disseminated disease and early mortality.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lara BR, de Camargo BB, Paula CR, Junior DPL, Garces HG, Arnoni MV, Silveira M, Gimenes VMF, Siqueira LPM, Takahashi JPF, Melhem MDSC, Richini-Pereira VB, Anversa L, Ruiz LDS. Comparing the phenotypic, genotypic, and proteomic identification of Trichosporon species: A globally emerging yeast of medical importance. Med Mycol 2021; 59:1181-1190. [PMID: 34424343 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. are widely distributed in the nature, comprising species that inhabit different ecological niches and can be found in the water, soil, and body surface of animals and humans. Such microorganisms have been classically associated with superficial infections; however, in the last decades, they have also been related to disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients, behaving as opportunistic agents, which demands rapid and accurate species identification for efficient therapy. Concordance level between the traditional phenotypic method and the molecular technique (gold standard) in the identification of all 59 Trichosporon samples was 59.3%. Identification concordance between MALDI-TOF spectrometry and the molecular technique was 71.2%. No isolate of environmental origin was identifiable by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), and 100% of such environmental isolates were discordant for IGS region sequencing and phenotypic characterization. Both comparisons evidenced greatest concordance in the identification of T. asahii. The species T. debeurmannianum, T. dermatis, T. venhuisii and T. insectorum were not properly identified by both MALDI-TOF MS and the phenotypic technique. MALDI-TOF MS, in particular, seems to be appropriate to investigate yeasts of the genus Trichosporon; however, database updates are still necessary, especially for species that are not common in the clinical routine. With the aim of helping understand the aspects involved in early and accurate diagnosis of infections caused by this opportunistic agent, the present study compared the phenotypic, molecular (IGS region) and mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) identification of 59 yeasts of the genus Trichosporon which had clinical and environmental origin and were kept in a mycology collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rossini Lara
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.,Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) CLR II, Biomedical Sciences Center, 17015-110, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diniz Pereira Leite Junior
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2.367, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Hans Garcia Garces
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Mariana Volpe Arnoni
- "Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo", Hospital, 01221-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Darcy Vargas Children's Hospital, 05614-040, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laís Anversa
- Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) CLR II, Biomedical Sciences Center, 17015-110, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana da Silva Ruiz
- Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) CLR II, Biomedical Sciences Center, 17015-110, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|