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Wang H, Yin J, Gu X, Shao W, Jia Z, Chen H, Xia W. Immune Regulator Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893204. [PMID: 35693778 PMCID: PMC9178270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that contains two CARD domains, an RNA helicase domain, and a C-terminal domain. RIG-I initiates antiviral innate immunity by recognizing exogenous viral RNAs/DNAs. However, some studies have reported that RIG-I activation leads to damage in various organs and tissues in diverse circumstances. Recent studies have shown that RIG-I is involved in cancer, lupus nephritis, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, Crohn’s disease, and atherosclerosis. These reports indicate that RIG-I not only participates in antiviral signaling pathways but also exerts an influence on non-viral infectious diseases. RIG-I is widely expressed in immune and non-immune cells including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. A succinct overview of RIG-I and its signaling pathways, with respect to the cardiovascular system, will aid in the development of novel therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the structure, activation, signaling pathways, and role of RIG-I in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Gu
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Shao
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Xia, ; Zhanjun Jia, ; Hongbing Chen,
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Xia, ; Zhanjun Jia, ; Hongbing Chen,
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Xia, ; Zhanjun Jia, ; Hongbing Chen,
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Wake R, Araki T, Fukushima M, Matsuda H, Inagaki T, Hayashida M, Hashioka S, Horiguchi J, Inagaki M, Miyaoka T, Oh-Nishi A. Urinary biopyrrins and free immunoglobin light chains are biomarker candidates for screening at-risk mental state in adolescents. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:272-280. [PMID: 33966347 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of individuals' at-risk mental state (ARMS) is important for preventing their pathogenesis or, at least, delaying onset of overt psychosis. Traditional diagnosis of ARMS subjects is mainly based on structured interviews, but future diagnosis would be carried out together with biomarkers. AIM In this study, we report urinary biopyrrins and free immunoglobin light chains κ and λ (κFLC and λFLC) as novel diagnostic biomarker candidates for screening ARMS subjects. METHODS Nineteen ARMS subjects and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria of the ARMS subjects were based on a comprehensive assessment of Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. We compared oxidative stress and immunological markers in the urine of ARMS subjects with those of healthy controls by ELISA protocol. RESULTS Augmentation of biopyrrins and reduction of κFLC and λFLC were found in the ARMS samples, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis, of which area under the curve was as large as 0.915 in combination. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the ARMS subjects were under higher oxidative stress but lower in B cell activation, and that the combined assay of urinary biopyrrins and free immunoglobulin light chains would be useful for the early detection and screening of ARMS subjects among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Wake
- Department of Human Science, Shimane University Faculty of Human Science, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tomoko Araki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Michiyo Fukushima
- Department of Immune-Neuropsychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takuji Inagaki
- Department of Psychology and Special Support Education, Shimane University Faculty of Education, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Maiko Hayashida
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Hashioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyaoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Arata Oh-Nishi
- Department of Immune-Neuropsychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience Research, RESVO Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Imaizumi T, Hashimoto S, Sato R, Umetsu H, Aizawa T, Watanabe S, Kawaguchi S, Matsumiya T, Seya K, Ding J, Tanaka H. IFIT Proteins Are Involved in CXCL10 Expression in Human Glomerular Endothelial Cells Treated with a Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 46:74-83. [PMID: 33326977 DOI: 10.1159/000511915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various viruses including a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can infect the kidney. When viruses invade the glomeruli from the bloodstream, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) initiate the innate immune reactions. We investigated the expression of interferon (IFN)-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 1/2/3, antiviral molecules, in human GECs treated with a toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist. Role of IFIT1/2/3 in the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) was also examined. METHODS Human GECs were cultured and stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a synthetic TLR3 agonist. Real-time qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA were used to examine the expression of IFIT1/2/3, IFN-β, and CXCL10. RNA interference against IFN-β or IFIT1/2/3 was also performed. RESULTS Expression of IFIT1/2/3 and CXCL10 was induced by poly IC in GECs. The inductions were inhibited by RNA interfering of IFN-β. Knockdown of IFIT1/2/3 decreased the CXCL10 expression. Knockdown of IFIT3 decreased the expression of IFIT1 and IFIT2 proteins. CONCLUSION IFIT1/2/3 and CXCL10 were induced by poly IC via IFN-β in GECs. IFIT1/2/3 may increase the expression of CXCL10 which induces lymphocyte chemotaxis and may inhibit the replication of infected viruses. These molecules may play a role in GEC innate immune reactions in response to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan,
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Riko Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Umetsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shojiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Jiangli Ding
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of School Health Science, Hirosaki University Faculty of Education, Hirosaki, Japan
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