1
|
Cui J, Guo R, Wang Y, Song Y, Song X, Li H, Song X, Li J. Acetylshikonin suppresses diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma cell growth by targeting the T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase signalling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4428-4440. [PMID: 35139768 PMCID: PMC8973784 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2034584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide, and responds poorly to the existing treatments. Thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets of DLBCL is urgently needed. In this study, we found that T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) was highly expressed in DLBCL cells and tissues. Data from the GEPIA database also indicated that TOPK was highly expressed in DLBCL tissues. The high expression levels of proteins were identified via Western blots and immunohistochemistry (IHC). TOPK knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of DLBCL cells with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium (MTS) and flow cytometry. Further experiments demonstrated that acetylshikonin, a compound that targeted TOPK, could attenuate cell growth and aggravate cell apoptosis through TOPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 signaling, as shown by MTS, flow cytometry and Western blots. In addition, we demonstrated that TOPK modulated the effect of acetylshikonin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in U2932 and OCI-LY8 cells using MTS, flow cytometry and Western blots. Taken together, the present study suggests that acetylshikonin suppresses the growth of DLBCL cells by attenuating TOPK signaling, and the targeted inhibition of TOPK by acetylshikonin may be a promising approach for the treatment of DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Cui
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Song
- Depatment of Physical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang H, Lee MH, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo Z, Kim MO. PBK/TOPK: An Effective Drug Target with Diverse Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092232. [PMID: 34066486 PMCID: PMC8124186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, and addressing its morbidity, mortality, and prevalence is the first step towards appropriate control measures. Over the past several decades, many pharmacologists have worked to identify anti-cancer targets and drug development strategies. Within this timeframe, many natural compounds have been developed to inhibit cancer growth by targeting kinases, such as AKT, AURKA, and TOPK. Kinase assays and computer modeling are considered to be effective and powerful tools for target screening, as they can predict physical interactions between small molecules and their bio-molecular targets. In the present review, we summarize the inhibitors and compounds that target TOPK and describe its role in cancer progression. The extensive body of research that has investigated the contribution of TOPK to cancer suggests that it may be a promising target for cancer therapy. Abstract T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK, also known as PDZ-binding kinase or PBK) plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation and mitotic progression. Abnormal overexpression or activation of TOPK has been observed in many cancers, including colorectal cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and melanoma, and it is associated with increased development, dissemination, and poor clinical outcomes and prognosis in cancer. Moreover, TOPK phosphorylates p38, JNK, ERK, and AKT, which are involved in many cellular functions, and participates in the activation of multiple signaling pathways related to MAPK, PI3K/PTEN/AKT, and NOTCH1; thus, the direct or indirect interactions of TOPK make it a highly attractive yet elusive target for cancer therapy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting TOPK have shown great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer both in vitro and in vivo, even in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting TOPK could be an important approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Thus, the purpose of the present review was to consider and analyze the role of TOPK as a drug target in cancer therapy and describe the recent findings related to its role in tumor development. Moreover, this review provides an overview of the current progress in the discovery and development of TOPK inhibitors, considering future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanamdo 58245, Korea;
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zeayoung Ryoo
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu X, Zhao R, Yoon G, Shim JH, Choi BY, Yin F, Xu B, Laster KV, Liu K, Dong Z, Lee MH. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone Inhibits Skin Cancer Proliferation by Regulating T-Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell-Originated Protein Kinase in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638174. [PMID: 33842463 PMCID: PMC8027363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of the most aggressive late-stage skin cancer ranges between 20 and 30%. Thus, the discovery and investigation of novel target therapeutic agents that can effectively treat skin cancer is of the utmost importance. The T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), which belongs to the serine-threonine kinase class of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family, is highly expressed and activated in skin cancer. The present study investigates the role of 3-deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), a plant-derived functional TOPK inhibitor, in suppressing skin cancer cell growth. Purpose In the context of skin cancer prevention and therapy, we clarify the effect and mechanism of 3-DSC on different types of skin cancer and solar-simulated light (SSL)-induced skin hyperplasia. Methods In an in vitro study, western blotting and in vitro kinase assays were utilized to determine the protein expression of TOPK and its activity, respectively. Pull-down assay with 3-DSC and TOPK (wild-type and T42A/N172 mutation) was performed to confirm the direct interaction between T42A/N172 amino acid sites of TOPK and 3-DSC. Cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth assays were utilized to determine the effect of 3-DSC on cell growth. In an in vivo study, the thickness of skin and tumor size were measured in the acute SSL-induced inflammation mouse model or SK-MEL-2 cell-derived xenografts mouse model treated with 3-DSC. Immunohistochemistry analysis of tumors isolated from SK-MEL-2 cell-derived xenografts was performed to determine whether cell-based results observed upon 3-DSC treatment could be recapitulated in vivo. Results 3-DSC is able to inhibit cell proliferation in skin cancer cells in an anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent manner by regulation of TOPK and its related signaling pathway in vitro. We also found that application of 3-DSC reduced acute SSL-induced murine skin hyperplasia. Additionally, we observed that 3-DSC decreased SK-MEL-2 cell-derived xenograft tumor growth through attenuating phosphorylation of TOPK and its downstream effectors including ERK, RSK, and c-Jun. Conclusions Our results suggest that 3-DSC may function in a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic capacity by protecting against UV-induced skin hyperplasia and inhibiting tumor cell growth by attenuating TOPK signaling, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Fanxiang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
PBK/TOPK: A Therapeutic Target Worthy of Attention. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020371. [PMID: 33670114 PMCID: PMC7916869 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the role of PDZ-binding kinase (PBK)/T-lymphokine-activated killer-cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) in mitosis and cell-cycle progression of mitotically active cells, especially proliferative malignant cells. PBK/TOPK was confirmed to be associated with the development, progression, and metastasis of malignancies. Therefore, it is a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Many studies have been conducted to explore the clinical applicability of potent PBK/TOPK inhibitors. However, PBK/TOPK has also been shown to be overexpressed in normal proliferative cells, including sperm and neural precursor cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain, as well as under pathological conditions, such as ischemic tissues, including the heart, brain, and kidney, and plays important roles in their physiological functions, including proliferation and self-renewal. Thus, more research is warranted to further our understanding of PBK/TOPK inhibitors before we can consider their applicability in clinical practice. In this study, we first review the findings, general features, and signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitosis and cell cycle. We then review the functions of PBK/TOPK in pathological conditions, including tumors and ischemic conditions in the heart, brain, and kidney. Finally, we summarize the advances in potent and selective inhibitors and describe the potential use of PBK/TOPK inhibitors in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
5
|
Farrall AL, Smith JR. Eye involvement in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 65:548-561. [PMID: 32057762 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) may manifest initially in the eye (termed vitreoretinal lymphoma or VRL) or in non-ocular CNS compartments, or in both. The nature of the onset of PCNSL implies two clinical specialists - ophthalmologists and neuro-oncologists - independently may assess the primary presentation of this rare malignancy. Clinically relevant perspectives on expectations of PCNSL manifestation in both ocular and non-ocular CNS compartments would help inform management practices in each specialty, which should impact clinical outcomes. A recent increase in the number of published PCNSL cohort studies provides new opportunity to review the current prevalence rates of ocular involvement, and the timing of this involvement over the course of disease. In PCNSL cohorts defined by non-ocular CNS compartment involvement, with or without ocular involvement (termed "PCNSL ± ocular involvement" cohorts), mean rates of concomitant VRL at diagnosis, or at any time during the course, are 10% and 16%, respectively. Only a few individuals within this cohort group present with exclusive eye disease (<5%), and the rate of secondary ocular involvement is only 5-9%. In PCNSL cohorts defined by the involvement of the ocular compartment, with or without non-ocular CNS involvement (termed "VRL ± non-ocular CNS involvement" cohorts), 58% of persons have a primary ocular diagnosis, which carries a 50% risk of secondary involvement in the CNS beyond the eye. Rates of non-ocular CNS involvement with VRL at diagnosis or over the course of disease are 41% and 69%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Farrall
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|