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Ueno M, Chiba Y, Murakami R, Miyai Y, Matsumoto K, Wakamatsu K, Nakagawa T, Takebayashi G, Uemura N, Yanase K, Ogino Y. Transporters, Ion Channels, and Junctional Proteins in Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:708. [PMID: 38672064 PMCID: PMC11048166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) plays significant roles in secreting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forming circadian rhythms. A monolayer of epithelial cells with tight and adherens junctions of CP forms the blood-CSF barrier to control the movement of substances between the blood and ventricles, as microvessels in the stroma of CP have fenestrations in endothelial cells. CP epithelial cells are equipped with several kinds of transporters and ion channels to transport nutrient substances and secrete CSF. In addition, junctional components also contribute to CSF production as well as blood-CSF barrier formation. However, it remains unclear how junctional components as well as transporters and ion channels contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this manuscript, recent findings regarding the distribution and significance of transporters, ion channels, and junctional proteins in CP epithelial cells are introduced, and how changes in expression of their epithelial proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of brain disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yumi Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Toshitaka Nakagawa
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Research Facility Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Genta Takebayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuichi Ogino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
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Takebayashi G, Chiba Y, Wakamatsu K, Murakami R, Miyai Y, Matsumoto K, Uemura N, Yanase K, Shirakami G, Ogino Y, Ueno M. E-Cadherin Is Expressed in Epithelial Cells of the Choroid Plexus in Human and Mouse Brains. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7813-7826. [PMID: 37886936 PMCID: PMC10605538 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence showing the functional significance of the choroid plexus is accumulating. Epithelial cells with tight and adherens junctions of the choroid plexus play important roles in cerebrospinal fluid production and circadian rhythm formation. Although specific types of cadherin expressed in adherens junctions of choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) have been examined, they remained uncertain. Recent mass spectrometry and immunolocalization analysis revealed that non-epithelial cadherins, P- and N-cadherins, are expressed in the lateral membrane of CPE, whereas E-cadherin expression has not been confirmed in CPE of humans or mice. In this study, we examined E-cadherin expression in CPE of mice and humans by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical-, and Western blotting analyses. We confirmed, by using RT-PCR analysis, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin in the choroid plexus of mice. The immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin was noted in the lateral membrane of CPE of mice and humans. We further confirmed, in Western blotting, the specific immunoreactivity for E-cadherin. Immunohistochemically, the expression of E- and N-cadherins or vimentin was unevenly distributed in some CPE, whereas that of E- and P-cadherins or β-catenin frequently co-existed in other CPE. These findings indicate that E-cadherin is expressed in the lateral membrane of CPE, possibly correlated with the expression of other cadherins and cytoplasmic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Takebayashi
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (Y.C.); (K.W.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.); (G.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (Y.C.); (K.W.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (Y.C.); (K.W.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (Y.C.); (K.W.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Yumi Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (Y.C.); (K.W.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (Y.C.); (K.W.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.); (G.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.); (G.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Gotaro Shirakami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.); (G.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuichi Ogino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.); (G.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (Y.C.); (K.W.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.)
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Ueno M, Chiba Y, Murakami R, Miyai Y, Matsumoto K, Wakamatsu K, Takebayashi G, Uemura N, Yanase K. Distribution of Monocarboxylate Transporters in Brain and Choroid Plexus Epithelium. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2062. [PMID: 37631275 PMCID: PMC10458808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) plays central roles in regulating the microenvironment of the central nervous system by secreting the majority of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and controlling its composition. A monolayer of epithelial cells of CP plays a significant role in forming the blood-CSF barrier to restrict the movement of substances between the blood and ventricles. CP epithelial cells are equipped with transporters for glucose and lactate that are used as energy sources. There are many review papers on glucose transporters in CP epithelial cells. On the other hand, distribution of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in CP epithelial cells has received less attention compared with glucose transporters. Some MCTs are known to transport lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies, whereas others transport thyroid hormones. Since CP epithelial cells have significant carrier functions as well as the barrier function, a decline in the expression and function of these transporters leads to a poor supply of thyroid hormones as well as lactate and can contribute to the process of age-associated brain impairment and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review paper, recent findings regarding the distribution and significance of MCTs in the brain, especially in CP epithelial cells, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yumi Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Genta Takebayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.)
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.)
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Sufieva DA, Fedorova EA, Yakovlev VS, Kırık OV, Tsyba DL, Grigorev IP, Korzhevskii DE. 25-Year Storage of Human Choroid Plexus in Methyl Salicylate Preserves Its Antigen Immunoreactivity. Turk Patoloji Derg 2023; 39:109-116. [PMID: 35876684 PMCID: PMC10518196 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2022.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunohistochemical investigation of archival histological material is a serious problem, since long-term storage of biological tissues, most often in formalin, leads to a loss of antigenic properties. However, the biological material can also be stored in the clearing agent methyl salicylate. The aim of this study was to assess the antigenicity of the human choroid plexus after extra long-term storage in methyl salicylate. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study was performed on samples of fixed human choroid plexus (occasionally with attached neighboring pineal gland) stored in either methyl salicylate or paraffin blocks for 25 years. Chromogenic and fluorescence immunohistochemistry of vimentin, GFAP, type IV collagen, β-catenin, α-smooth muscle actin, von Willebrand factor, CD68, mast cell tryptase, TMEM119, and synaptophysin was carried out. RESULTS The storage of human choroid plexus in methyl salicylate for 25 years does not impair its histomorphology and preserves the properties of all the antigens assessed, which makes their immunohistochemical visualization possible using both light and fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, we found that long-term storage of human choroid plexus in methyl salicylate does not cause an increase in autofluorescence. CONCLUSION Methyl salicylate can be recommended as a medium for long-term storage of biological tissue, as it provides excellent brain tissue preservation and retains its antigenic properties for up to 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Sufieva
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A. Fedorova
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav S. Yakovlev
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V. Kırık
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria L. Tsyba
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor P. Grigorev
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E. Korzhevskii
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Metabolites and Biomarker Compounds of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040343. [PMID: 35448530 PMCID: PMC9031591 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in diagnostic procedures for neurological disorders, it is still difficult to definitively diagnose some neurodegenerative diseases without neuropathological examination of autopsied brain tissue. As pathological processes in the brain are frequently reflected in the components of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), CSF samples are sometimes useful for diagnosis. After CSF is secreted from the choroid plexus epithelial cells in the ventricles, some flows in the brain, some is mixed with intracerebral interstitial fluid, and some is excreted through two major drainage pathways, i.e., the intravascular periarterial drainage pathway and the glymphatic system. Accordingly, substances produced by metabolic and pathological processes in the brain may be detectable in CSF. Many papers have reported changes in the concentration of substances in the CSF of patients with metabolic and neurological disorders, some of which can be useful biomarkers of the disorders. In this paper, we show the significance of glucose- and neurotransmitter-related CSF metabolites, considering their transporters in the choroid plexus; summarize the reported candidates of CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein, microRNAs, and mitochondrial DNA; and evaluate their potential as efficient diagnostic tools.
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