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Wu YY, Wang Q, Zhang PA, Zhu C, Xu GY. miR-1306-3p directly activates P2X3 receptors in primary sensory neurons to induce visceral pain in rats. Pain 2023; 164:1555-1565. [PMID: 36633528 PMCID: PMC10281022 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in various pathophysiological conditions and diseases, but the physiological roles of extracellular miRNAs on the disease-related ion channels remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that miR-1306-3p evoked action potentials and induced inward currents of the acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The miR-1306-3p-induced effects were significantly inhibited by A317491, a potent inhibitor of the P2X3 receptor (P2X3R), or disappeared after the knockdown of P2X3Rs in DRG neurons. We further identified R180, K315, and R52 as the miR-1306-3p interaction sites on the extracellular domain of P2X3Rs, which were distinct from the orthosteric ATP-binding sites. Intrathecal injection of miR-1306-3p produced visceral pain but not somatic pain in normal control rats. Conversely, intrathecal application of a miR-1306-3p antagomir and A317491 significantly alleviated visceral pain in a rat model of chronic visceral pain. Together, our findings suggest that miR-1306-3p might function as an endogenous ligand to activate P2X3Rs, eventually leading to chronic visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Sawada R, Nakamori H, Naitou K, Horii K, Horii Y, Shimaoka H, Shiina T, Shimizu Y. Local regulatory mechanism to coordinate colorectal motility in rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13710. [PMID: 29845766 PMCID: PMC5974728 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a fecal pellet in the colorectum causes ascending contraction and descending relaxation, propelling the pellet aborally. However, random occurrence of the reflexes at multiple sites would disturb sequential excretion of the pellets, resulting in inefficient defecation. Hence, we postulated that a regulatory mechanism to coordinate peristaltic motility initiated at adjacent portions of the colorectum may exist. Colorectal motility was recorded with balloons located at 2 cm, 5 cm and 7 cm from the anus in vivo in anesthetized rats. The presence of a balloon in the colorectum inhibited motility of the oral side and enhanced motility of the anal side. Both the ascending inhibitory and descending facilitatory actions were unaffected by cutting the pelvic nerves, suggesting little contribution of the lumbosacral defecation center. In contrast, disrupting the continuity of the enteric nervous system abolished the local reflex mechanism. The ascending inhibitory pathway operated in a condition in which facilitatory input from the lumbosacral defecation center was fully activated by intrathecal injection of ghrelin. We also found that functional impairment of the local reflex pathways was evident in rats that recovered from 2,4,6-trinitrobenzensulfonic acid-induced colitis. These results demonstrate that an intrinsic regulatory mechanism to coordinate peristaltic motility initiated at adjacent portions exists in the rat colorectum. The regulation may be beneficial to propel multiple pellets efficiently. In addition, impairment of the local regulatory mechanism might be involved in postinflammatory dysmotility in the colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sawada
- Laboratory of Veterinary PhysiologyFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamori
- Department of Basic Veterinary ScienceLaboratory of PhysiologyThe United Graduate School of Veterinary SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Kiyotada Naitou
- Department of Basic Veterinary ScienceLaboratory of PhysiologyThe United Graduate School of Veterinary SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Horii
- Department of Basic Veterinary ScienceLaboratory of PhysiologyThe United Graduate School of Veterinary SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Yuuki Horii
- Department of Basic Veterinary ScienceLaboratory of PhysiologyThe United Graduate School of Veterinary SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Hiroki Shimaoka
- Department of Basic Veterinary ScienceLaboratory of PhysiologyThe United Graduate School of Veterinary SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Takahiko Shiina
- Laboratory of Veterinary PhysiologyFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Department of Basic Veterinary ScienceLaboratory of PhysiologyThe United Graduate School of Veterinary SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Yasutake Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary PhysiologyFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Department of Basic Veterinary ScienceLaboratory of PhysiologyThe United Graduate School of Veterinary SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G‐CHAIN)Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
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Baskın V, Bilge SS, Bozkurt A, Akyüz B, Ağrı AE, Güzel H, İlkaya F. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on colorectal distension-induced visceral pain. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:150-4. [PMID: 27114637 PMCID: PMC4825431 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.178830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs effectiveness in colorectal distension (CRD)-induced visceral pain model. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley (250–300 g) rats were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and chlorpromazine (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Two bipolar Teflon-coated Ni/Cr wire electrodes (80-M diameter) were placed in the abdominal external oblique muscle for the recording of electromyography. Jugular vein catheter was placed for the administration of drugs. CRD method was applied to evaluate of visceral pain. All drugs (paracetamol, meloxicam, metamizole, and dexketoprofen) administered intravenously. Results: Paracetamol 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg did not change the visceromotor response (VMR) when compare with the control group. Meloxicam 2 and 4 mg/kg showed no effect but at doses of 6 mg/kg meloxicam significantly ([51.9 ± 6.4%] [P < 0.001]) decreased VMR compared with the control group. Metamizole 200 mg/kg did not change responses but dose of 400 and 600 mg/kg metamizole reduced VMR. Dexketoprofen 2 and 4 mg/kg did not cause a change in VMR but 6 mg/kg dose significantly reduced response compared with the control group ([43.9 ± 3.9%, 36.8 ± 2.8%, 34.8 ± 2.5%, 42.1 ± 4.8%, 40.7 ± 3.5%, 36.4 ± 2.7%, and 26.1 ± 2.2%]; from 10 min to 70 min, respectively, [P < 0.05]). Conclusion: Metamizole, dexketoprofen and meloxicam show antinociceptive effect with different duration of action on CRD-induced visceral pain model. This condition can be explained due to different chemical structures and different mechanisms which play a role in modulation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Baskın
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Sırrı Bilge
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bozkurt
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahar Akyüz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arzu Erdal Ağrı
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hasan Güzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatih İlkaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
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Mechanically evoked cortical potentials: A physiological approach to assessment of anorectal sensory pathways. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 256:198-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lelic D, Nissen TD, Brock C, Aziz Q, Drewes AM. Rapid balloon distension as a tool to study cortical processing of visceral sensations and pain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:832-40. [PMID: 26011783 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processing of discomfort and pain in the central nervous system is normally studied with experimental methods, but it is mandatory that they are reliable over time to ensure that any interventions will result in valid results. We investigated reliability of rapid balloon distension in the rectum to elicit cortical evoked potentials (CEPs) to study the reliability of central processing of visceral sensation and discomfort/pain. METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers had two series of rectal balloon distensions performed on two separate days. Individualized balloon pressure, corresponding to pain detection threshold or to the maximum possible distension (30 psi), was used. Within- and between days reliability was measured in terms of amplitudes and latencies of the CEP global field power, topography and underlying brain networks. KEY RESULTS There were two prominent peaks in the CEP recordings at mean latencies of 157 and 322 ms. There were no differences in latencies or amplitudes (p = 0.3) and they passed the Bland-Altman test for reproducibility. There were no differences in topographies (p > 0.7). Brain source connectivity revealed the cingulate-operculum network as the most consistent network within and between subjects. There were no differences in the location of brain sources in this network (p = 0.9) and the source coordinates were reproducible. Finally, the cingulate source generally had higher strength than operculum source (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES A reliable method to study central mechanisms underlying visceral sensation and pain was established. The method may improve our understanding of visceral pain and could be an objective method for studying efficacy of analgesics on visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lelic
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T D Nissen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C Brock
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Q Aziz
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A M Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Lee SP, Lee KN, Lee OY, Lee HL, Jun DW, Yoon BC, Choi HS, Hwang SJ, Lee SE. Effects of DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent, on phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord induced by colorectal distension in rats. Gut Liver 2013; 8:140-7. [PMID: 24672654 PMCID: PMC3964263 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2014.8.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS DA-9701, a standardized extract of Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber, is a new prokinetic agent that exhibits an analgesic effect on the abdomen. We investigated whether DA-9701 affects visceral pain induced by colorectal distension (CRD) in rats. METHODS A total of 21 rats were divided into three groups: group A (no CRD+no drug), group B (CRD+no drug), and group C (CRD+DA-9701). Expression of pain-related factors, substance P (SP), c-fos, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord was determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS The proportions of neurons in the DRG and spinal cord expressing SP, c-fos, and p-ERK were higher in group B than in group A. In the group C, the proportion of neurons in the DRG and spinal cord expressing p-ERK was lower than that in group B. Western blot results for p-ERK in the spinal cord indicated a higher level of expression in group B than in group A and a lower level of expression in group C than in group B. CONCLUSIONS DA-9701 may decrease visceral pain via the downregulation of p-ERK in the DRG and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Nyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang Lak Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Jin Hwang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Eun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nissen TD, Brock C, Graversen C, Coen SJ, Hultin L, Aziz Q, Lykkesfeldt J, Drewes AM. Translational aspects of rectal evoked potentials: a comparative study in rats and humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G119-28. [PMID: 23703652 PMCID: PMC3725684 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00403.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistencies between species has stunted the progress of developing new analgesics. To increase the success of translating results between species, improved comparable models are required. Twelve rats received rectal balloon distensions on 2 different days separated by 24.3 (SD 24.6) days. Rectal balloon distensions were also performed in 18 humans (mean age: 34 yr; range: 21-56 yr; 12 men) on two separate occasions, separated by 9.3 (SD 5.5) days. In rats, cerebral evoked potentials (CEPs) were recorded by use of implanted skull-electrodes to distension pressure of 80 mmHg. In humans surface electrodes and individualized pressure, corresponding to pain detection threshold, were used. Comparison of morphology was assessed by wavelet analysis. Within- and between-day reproducibility was assessed in terms of latencies, amplitudes, and frequency content. In rats CEPs showed triphasic morphology. No differences in latencies, amplitudes, and power distribution were seen within or between days (all P ≥ 0.5). Peak-to-peak amplitude between the first positive and negative potential were the most reproducible characteristic within and between days (evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC) (ICC = 0.99 and ICC = 9.98, respectively). In humans CEPs showed a triphasic morphology. No differences in latencies, amplitudes, or power distribution were seen within or between days (all P ≥ 0.2). Latency to the second negative potential (ICC = 0.98) and the second positive potential (ICC = 0.95) was the most reproducible characteristic within and between days. A unique and reliable translational platform was established assessing visceral sensitivity in rats and humans, which may improve the translational process of developing new drugs targeting visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dahl Nissen
- 1Section of Biomedicine, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; ,2Biomedical Research Laboratory, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; ,3Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Christina Brock
- 3Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Carina Graversen
- 4Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Steven J. Coen
- 5Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Leif Hultin
- 6Bioscience, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden;
| | - Qasim Aziz
- 7Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, The Wingate Neurogastroenterology Group, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- 1Section of Biomedicine, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- 8Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Abstract
Visceral pain is studied at the level of the primary afferent fiber, spinal cord, subcortical, and cortical levels electrophysiologically and using brain imaging, which provides an objective measure of excitation at each level. However, correlation of these with actual perception of pain in conscious animal models has been problematic, and we rely on indirect measures in most preclinical research. The main method is electromyographic recording of abdominal muscle contractions in response to colorectal distension (CRD), which may reflect reflexes set up at several levels of the above pathway. Several experimental treatments for visceral pain have failed in clinical trials, possibly because of failure to translate from preclinical observations on CRD responses in animals to perception of spontaneous events in patients. Therefore, we need more objective outcomes. In this NGM issue, Hultin et al. show feasibility of routine recordings of cortical evoked electrical potentials (CEP) using implanted cranial electrodes in response to graded CRD in rats. CEP comprised three temporal components with latencies of approximately 20-50 ms, 90-180 ms, and 300 ms, which were reproducible and graded in intensity and latency with distension pressure. From this basic study it is clear that colorectal evoked potentials can be recorded reliably in awake rats and may serve as an objective marker for centrally projecting visceral sensory signals in rodents. It remains to be seen how these responses are affected by drugs under development for clinical management of visceral pain, and if there is improved translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Blackshaw
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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