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Nazari M, Kordrostami M, Ghasemi-Soloklui AA, Eaton-Rye JJ, Pashkovskiy P, Kuznetsov V, Allakhverdiev SI. Enhancing Photosynthesis and Plant Productivity through Genetic Modification. Cells 2024; 13:1319. [PMID: 39195209 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing crop photosynthesis through genetic engineering technologies offers numerous opportunities to increase plant productivity. Key approaches include optimizing light utilization, increasing cytochrome b6f complex levels, and improving carbon fixation. Modifications to Rubisco and the photosynthetic electron transport chain are central to these strategies. Introducing alternative photorespiratory pathways and enhancing carbonic anhydrase activity can further increase the internal CO2 concentration, thereby improving photosynthetic efficiency. The efficient translocation of photosynthetically produced sugars, which are managed by sucrose transporters, is also critical for plant growth. Additionally, incorporating genes from C4 plants, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malic enzymes, enhances the CO2 concentration around Rubisco, reducing photorespiration. Targeting microRNAs and transcription factors is vital for increasing photosynthesis and plant productivity, especially under stress conditions. This review highlights potential biological targets, the genetic modifications of which are aimed at improving photosynthesis and increasing plant productivity, thereby determining key areas for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Nazari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kordrostami
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj 31485-498, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Ghasemi-Soloklui
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj 31485-498, Iran
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Hwang BC, Giardina CP, Adu-Bredu S, Barrios-Garcia MN, Calvo-Alvarado JC, Dargie GC, Diao H, Duboscq-Carra VG, Hemp A, Hemp C, Huasco WH, Ivanov AV, Johnson NG, Kuijper DPJ, Lewis SL, Lobos-Catalán P, Malhi Y, Marshall AR, Mumladze L, Ngute ASK, Palma AC, Petritan IC, Rordriguez-Cabal MA, Suspense IA, Zagidullina A, Andersson T, Galiano-Cabrera DF, Jiménez-Castillo M, Churski M, Gage SA, Filippova N, Francisco KS, Gaglianese-Woody M, Iankoshvili G, Kaswamila MA, Lyatuu H, Mampouya Wenina YE, Materu B, Mbemba M, Moritz R, Orang K, Plyusnin S, Puma Vilca BL, Rodríguez-Solís M, Šamonil P, Stępniak KM, Walsh SK, Xu H, Metcalfe DB. The impact of insect herbivory on biogeochemical cycling in broadleaved forests varies with temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6011. [PMID: 39019847 PMCID: PMC11254921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within forests, but the magnitude of these impacts, their global variation, and drivers of this variation remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and help improve biogeochemical models, we established a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests. We analyzed freshly senesced and green leaves for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silica concentrations, foliar production and herbivory, and stand-level nutrient fluxes. We show more nutrient release by insect herbivores at non-outbreak levels in tropical forests than temperate and boreal forests, that these fluxes increase strongly with mean annual temperature, and that they exceed atmospheric deposition inputs in some localities. Thus, background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to both alter ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling. Further, climate can affect interactions between natural populations of plants and herbivores with important consequences for global biogeochemical cycles across broadleaved forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice C Hwang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sterwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christian P Giardina
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana: Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
- Department of Natural Resources Management, CSIR College of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - M Noelia Barrios-Garcia
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- CONICET, CENAC-APN, Universidad Nacional del Comahue (CRUB), Bariloche (8400), Argentina
| | | | | | - Haoyu Diao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Virginia G Duboscq-Carra
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Claudia Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Asociación Civil Sin Fines De Lucro Para La Biodiversidad, Investigación Y Desarrollo Ambiental En Ecosistemas Tropicales (ABIDA), Urbanización Ucchullo Grande, Avenida Argentina F-9, Cusco, Perú
| | - Aleksandr V Ivanov
- Institute of Geology and Nature Management Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Relochny lane, 1, Blagoveshchensk, 675000, Russia
| | - Nels G Johnson
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Dries P J Kuijper
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Stoczek 1, 17‑230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paulina Lobos-Catalán
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Andrew R Marshall
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Reforest Africa, PO Box 5, Mang'ula, Kilombero District, Tanzania
| | - Levan Mumladze
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili Ave, 0169, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Alain Senghor K Ngute
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana C Palma
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Qld, Australia
| | - Ion Catalin Petritan
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, Șirul Beethoven 1, 500123, Brașov, Romania
| | - Mariano A Rordriguez-Cabal
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Ifo A Suspense
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et de Foresterie, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, République du Congo
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, République du Congo
| | - Asiia Zagidullina
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Geography and Environmental Management Problems, Institute of Geography, Russian Science Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tommi Andersson
- Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Darcy F Galiano-Cabrera
- Asociación Civil Sin Fines De Lucro Para La Biodiversidad, Investigación Y Desarrollo Ambiental En Ecosistemas Tropicales (ABIDA), Urbanización Ucchullo Grande, Avenida Argentina F-9, Cusco, Perú
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco, Cusco Province, 08000, Peru
| | - Mylthon Jiménez-Castillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcin Churski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Stoczek 1, 17‑230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Shelley A Gage
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, 47 Mayers Road, Nambour, 4056, Australia
| | - Nina Filippova
- Yugra State University, 628012, Chekhova street, 16, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Kainana S Francisco
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | | | - Giorgi Iankoshvili
- Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili Ave, 0169, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Herman Lyatuu
- Reforest Africa, PO Box 5, Mang'ula, Kilombero District, Tanzania
| | - Y E Mampouya Wenina
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et de Foresterie, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, République du Congo
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, République du Congo
| | - Brayan Materu
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Mbemba
- CongoPeat Project, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et de Foresterie, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, République du Congo
| | - Ruslan Moritz
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, Lermontova str., 132, Russia
| | - Karma Orang
- Ugyen Wangchuk Institute for Forest Research and Training, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Lamai Goempa, Bumthang, Bhutan
| | - Sergey Plyusnin
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 455 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Beisit L Puma Vilca
- Asociación Civil Sin Fines De Lucro Para La Biodiversidad, Investigación Y Desarrollo Ambiental En Ecosistemas Tropicales (ABIDA), Urbanización Ucchullo Grande, Avenida Argentina F-9, Cusco, Perú
- Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Pavel Šamonil
- The Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Květnové náměstí 391, Průhonice, 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Kinga M Stępniak
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Stoczek 1, 17‑230, Białowieża, Poland
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-086, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seana K Walsh
- Department of Science and Conservation, National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalāheo, HI, 96741, USA
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Luo M, Li B, Jander G, Zhou S. Non-volatile metabolites mediate plant interactions with insect herbivores. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1164-1177. [PMID: 36891808 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-volatile metabolites constitute the bulk of plant biomass. From the perspective of plant-insect interactions, these structurally diverse compounds include nutritious core metabolites and defensive specialized metabolites. In this review, we synthesize the current literature on multiple scales of plant-insect interactions mediated by non-volatile metabolites. At the molecular level, functional genetics studies have revealed a large collection of receptors targeting plant non-volatile metabolites in model insect species and agricultural pests. By contrast, examples of plant receptors of insect-derived molecules remain sparse. For insect herbivores, plant non-volatile metabolites function beyond the dichotomy of core metabolites, classed as nutrients, and specialized metabolites, classed as defensive compounds. Insect feeding tends to elicit evolutionarily conserved changes in plant specialized metabolism, whereas its effect on plant core metabolism varies widely based the interacting species. Finally, several recent studies have demonstrated that non-volatile metabolites can mediate tripartite communication on the community scale, facilitated by physical connections established through direct root-to-root communication, parasitic plants, arbuscular mycorrhizae and the rhizosphere microbiome. Recent advances in both plant and insect molecular biology will facilitate further research on the role of non-volatile metabolites in mediating plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
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4
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Gong J, Wang Z, Guo Z, Yao L, Zhao C, Lin S, Ma S, Shen Y. DORN1 and GORK regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis mediated by volatile organic compound ethyl vinyl ketone. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123503. [PMID: 36736975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evk (ethyl vinyl ketone) is a signal substance for plant defense, but little is known about how evk mediates stomatal closure. Through stomatal biology experiments, we found that evk can mediate stomatal closure, and stomatal closure is weakened when DORN1 (DOES NOT RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES 1) and GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) are mutated. In addition, it was found by non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) that the K+ efflux mediated by evk was significantly weakened when DORN and GORK were mutated. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), and in vitro pull-down assays demonstrated that DORN1 and GORK could interact in vitro and in vivo. It was found by molecular docking that evk could combine with MRP (Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein), thus affecting ATP transport, promoting eATP (extracellular ATP) concentration increase and realizing downstream signal transduction. Through inoculation of botrytis cinerea, it was found that evk improved the antibacterial activity of Arabidopsis thaliana. As revealed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the expression of defense related genes was enhanced by evk treatment. Evk is a potential green antibacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Sheng Lin
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Songling Ma
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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5
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Duarte MA, Woo S, Hultine K, Blonder B, Aparecido LMT. Vein network redundancy and mechanical resistance mitigate gas exchange losses under simulated herbivory in desert plants. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad002. [PMID: 36959913 PMCID: PMC10029807 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory can impact gas exchange, but the causes of interspecific variation in response remain poorly understood. We aimed to determine (1) what effects does experimental herbivory damage to leaf midveins have on leaf gas exchange and, (2) whether changes in leaf gas exchange after damage was predicted by leaf mechanical or venation traits. We hypothesized that herbivory-driven impacts on leaf gas exchange would be mediated by (1a/1b) venation networks, either by more vein resistance, or possibly trading off with other structural defenses; (2a/2b) or more reticulation (resilience, providing more alternate flow pathways after damage) or less reticulation (sectoriality, preventing spread of reduced functionality after damage). We simulated herbivory by damaging the midveins of four leaves from each of nine Sonoran Desert species. We then measured the percent change in photosynthesis (ΔAn%), transpiration (ΔEt%) and stomatal conductance (Δgsw%) between treated and control leaves. We assessed the relationship of each with leaf venation traits and other mechanical traits. ΔAn% varied between +10 % and -55%, similar to ΔEt% (+27%, -54%) and Δgsw% (+36%, -53%). There was no tradeoff between venation and other structural defenses. Increased damage resilience (reduced ΔAn%, ΔEt%, Δgsw%) was marginally associated with lower force-to-tear (P < 0.05), and higher minor vein density (P < 0.10) but not major vein density or reticulation. Leaf venation networks may thus partially mitigate the response of gas exchange to herbivory and other types of vein damage through either resistance or resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Duarte
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sabrina Woo
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Kevin Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N. Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, 120 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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Fyllas NM, Chrysafi D, Avtzis DN, Moreira X. Photosynthetic and defensive responses of two Mediterranean oaks to insect leaf herbivory. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2282-2293. [PMID: 35766868 PMCID: PMC9832970 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivory is a dominant interaction across virtually all ecosystems globally and has dramatic effects on plant function such as reduced photosynthesis activity and increased levels of defenses. However, most previous work assessing the link between insect herbivory, photosynthesis and plant defenses has been performed on cultivated model plant species, neglecting a full understanding of patterns in natural systems. In this study, we performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of herbivory by a generalist foliar feeding insect (Lymantria dispar) and leaf mechanical damage on multiple leaf traits associated with defense against herbivory and photosynthesis activity on two sympatric oak species with contrasting leaf habit (the evergreen Quercus coccifera L. and the deciduous Quercus pubescens Willd). Our results showed that, although herbivory treatments and oak species did not strongly affect photosynthesis and dark respiration, these two factors exerted interactive effects. Insect herbivory and mechanical damage (vs control) decreased photosynthesis activity for Q. coccifera but not for Q. pubescens. Insect herbivory and mechanical damage tended to increase chemical (increased flavonoid and lignin concentration) defenses, but these effects were stronger for Q. pubescens. Overall, this study shows that two congeneric oak species with contrasting leaf habit differ in their photosynthetic and defensive responses to insect herbivory. While the evergreen oak species followed a more conservative strategy (reduced photosynthesis and higher physical defenses), the deciduous oak species followed a more acquisitive strategy (maintained photosynthesis and higher chemical defenses).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Despina Chrysafi
- Biodiversity Conservation Lab, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene 81100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Avtzis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Thessaloniki 57006, Greece
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, Pontevedra, Galicia 36080, Spain
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7
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Peng P, Li R, Chen ZH, Wang Y. Stomata at the crossroad of molecular interaction between biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1031891. [PMID: 36311113 PMCID: PMC9614343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global food production is threatened by harsh environmental conditions along with biotic stresses, requiring massive new research into integrated stress resistance in plants. Stomata play a pivotal role in response to many biotic and abiotic stresses, but their orchestrated interactions at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels were less investigated. Here, we reviewed the influence of drought, pathogen, and insect herbivory on stomata to provide a comprehensive overview in the context of stomatal regulation. We also summarized the molecular mechanisms of stomatal response triggered by these stresses. To further investigate the effect of stomata-herbivore interaction at a transcriptional level, integrated transcriptome studies from different plant species attacked by different pests revealed evidence of the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress. Comprehensive understanding of the involvement of stomata in some plant-herbivore interactions may be an essential step towards herbivores' manipulation of plants, which provides insights for the development of integrated pest management strategies. Moreover, we proposed that stomata can function as important modulators of plant response to stress combination, representing an exciting frontier of plant science with a broad and precise view of plant biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshuai Peng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Ye W, Bustos‐Segura C, Degen T, Erb M, Turlings TCJ. Belowground and aboveground herbivory differentially affect the transcriptome in roots and shoots of maize. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e426. [PMID: 35898557 PMCID: PMC9307387 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants recognize and respond to feeding by herbivorous insects by upregulating their local and systemic defenses. While defense induction by aboveground herbivores has been well studied, far less is known about local and systemic defense responses against attacks by belowground herbivores. Here, we investigated and compared the responses of the maize transcriptome to belowground and aboveground mechanical damage and infestation by two well-adapted herbivores: the soil-dwelling western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the leaf-chewing fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In responses to both herbivores, maize plants were found to alter local transcription of genes involved in phytohormone signaling, primary and secondary metabolism. Induction by real herbivore damage was considerably stronger and modified the expression of more genes than mechanical damage. Feeding by the corn rootworm had a strong impact on the shoot transcriptome, including the activation of genes involved in defense and development. By contrast, feeding by the fall armyworm induced only few transcriptional changes in the roots. In conclusion, feeding by a leaf chewer and a root feeder differentially affects the local and systemic defense of maize plants. Besides revealing clear differences in how maize plants respond to feeding by these specialized herbivores, this study reveals several novel genes that may play key roles in plant-insect interactions and thus sets the stage for in depth research into the mechanism that can be exploited for improved crop protection. Significance statement Extensive transcriptomic analyses revealed a clear distinction between the gene expression profiles in maize plants upon shoot and root attack, locally as well as distantly from the attacked tissue. This provides detailed insights into the specificity of orchestrated plant defense responses, and the dataset offers a molecular resource for further genetic studies on maize resistance to herbivores and paves the way for novel strategies to enhance maize resistance to pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Ye
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos‐Segura
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Degen
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
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9
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Lin PA, Chen Y, Ponce G, Acevedo FE, Lynch JP, Anderson CT, Ali JG, Felton GW. Stomata-mediated interactions between plants, herbivores, and the environment. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:287-300. [PMID: 34580024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomata play a central role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Existing knowledge regarding the roles of stomata in plant stress is centered on abiotic stresses and plant-pathogen interactions, but how stomata influence plant-herbivore interactions remains largely unclear. Here, we summarize the functions of stomata in plant-insect interactions and highlight recent discoveries of how herbivores manipulate plant stomata. Because stomata are linked to interrelated physiological processes in plants, herbivory-induced changes in stomatal dynamics might have cellular, organismic, and/or even community-level impacts. We summarize our current understanding of how stomata mediate plant responses to herbivory and environmental stimuli, propose how herbivores may influence these responses, and identify key knowledge gaps in plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Yintong Chen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Flor E Acevedo
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jared G Ali
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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10
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Barreto JR, Berenguer E, Ferreira J, Joly CA, Malhi Y, de Seixas MMM, Barlow J. Assessing invertebrate herbivory in human-modified tropical forest canopies. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4012-4022. [PMID: 33976790 PMCID: PMC8093672 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of human-driven forest disturbance usually focus on either biodiversity or carbon dynamics but much less is known about ecosystem processes that span different trophic levels. Herbivory is a fundamental ecological process for ecosystem functioning, but it remains poorly quantified in human-modified tropical rainforests.Here, we present the results of the largest study to date on the impacts of human disturbances on herbivory. We quantified the incidence (percentage of leaves affected) and severity (the percentage of leaf area lost) of canopy insect herbivory caused by chewers, miners, and gall makers in leaves from 1,076 trees distributed across 20 undisturbed and human-modified forest plots in the Amazon.We found that chewers dominated herbivory incidence, yet were not a good predictor of the other forms of herbivory at either the stem or plot level. Chewing severity was higher in both logged and logged-and-burned primary forests when compared to undisturbed forests. We found no difference in herbivory severity between undisturbed primary forests and secondary forests. Despite evidence at the stem level, neither plot-level incidence nor severity of the three forms of herbivory responded to disturbance. Synthesis. Our large-scale study of canopy herbivory confirms that chewers dominate the herbivory signal in tropical forests, but that their influence on leaf area lost cannot predict the incidence or severity of other forms. We found only limited evidence suggesting that human disturbance affects the severity of leaf herbivory, with higher values in logged and logged-and-burned forests than undisturbed and secondary forests. Additionally, we found no effect of human disturbance on the incidence of leaf herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodrigues Barreto
- Setor de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia do Instituto de Biociências da USPUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Carlos A. Joly
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Setor de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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11
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Otu-Larbi F, Bolas CG, Ferracci V, Staniaszek Z, Jones RL, Malhi Y, Harris NRP, Wild O, Ashworth K. Modelling the effect of the 2018 summer heatwave and drought on isoprene emissions in a UK woodland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2320-2335. [PMID: 31837069 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Projected future climatic extremes such as heatwaves and droughts are expected to have major impacts on emissions and concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) with potential implications for air quality, climate and human health. While the effects of changing temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the synthesis and emission of isoprene, the most abundant of these bVOCs, are well known, the role of other environmental factors such as soil moisture stress are not fully understood and are therefore poorly represented in land surface models. As part of the Wytham Isoprene iDirac Oak Tree Measurements campaign, continuous measurements of isoprene mixing ratio were made throughout the summer of 2018 in Wytham Woods, a mixed deciduous woodland in southern England. During this time, the United Kingdom experienced a prolonged heatwave and drought, and isoprene mixing ratios were observed to increase by more than 400% at Wytham Woods under these conditions. We applied the state-of-the-art FORest Canopy-Atmosphere Transfer canopy exchange model to investigate the processes leading to these elevated concentrations. We found that although current isoprene emissions algorithms reproduced observed mixing ratios in the canopy before and after the heatwave, the model underestimated observations by ~40% during the heatwave-drought period implying that models may substantially underestimate the release of isoprene to the atmosphere in future cases of mild or moderate drought. Stress-induced emissions of isoprene based on leaf temperature and soil water content (SWC) were incorporated into current emissions algorithms leading to significant improvements in model output. A combination of SWC, leaf temperature and rewetting emission bursts provided the best model-measurement fit with a 50% improvement compared to the baseline model. Our results highlight the need for more long-term ecosystem-scale observations to enable improved model representation of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in a changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conor G Bolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerio Ferracci
- Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | | | - Roderic L Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil R P Harris
- Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Oliver Wild
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Kirsti Ashworth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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12
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Ormeño E, Viros J, Mévy JP, Tonetto A, Saunier A, Bousquet-Mélou A, Fernandez C. Exogenous Isoprene Confers Physiological Benefits in a Negligible Isoprene Emitter ( Acer monspessulanum L. ) Under Water Deficit. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020159. [PMID: 32012939 PMCID: PMC7076702 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene, the main volatile released by plants, is known to protect the photosynthetic apparatus in isoprene emitters submitted to oxidative pressures caused by environmental constraints. Whether ambient isoprene contributes to protect negligible plant emitters under abiotic stress conditions is less clear, and no study has tested if ambient isoprene is beneficial during drought periods in plant species that naturally release negligible isoprene emissions. This study examines the effect of exogenous isoprene (20 ppbv) on net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and production of H2O2 (a reactive oxygen species: ROS) in leaves of Acer monspessulanum (a negligible isoprene emitter) submitted to three watering treatments (optimal, moderate water stress and severe water stress). Results showed that A. monspessulanum exhibited a net photosynthesis increase (+30%) and a relative leaf H2O2 decrease when saplings were exposed to an enriched isoprene atmosphere compared to isoprene-free conditions under moderate water deficit. Such physiological improvement under isoprene exposure was not observed under optimal watering or severe water stress. These findings suggest that when negligible isoprene emitters are surrounded by a very high concentration of isoprene in the ambient air, some plant protection mechanism occurs under moderate water deficit probably related to protection against ROS damage eventually impeding photosynthesis drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ormeño
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-413-55-12-26
| | - Justine Viros
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Mévy
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Alain Tonetto
- Platform of analytical and technological research and imaging, FR1739, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13003 Marseille, France;
| | - Amélie Saunier
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Anne Bousquet-Mélou
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Catherine Fernandez
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
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13
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Visakorpi K, Riutta T, Malhi Y, Salminen JP, Salinas N, Gripenberg S. Changes in oak (Quercus robur) photosynthesis after winter moth (Operophtera brumata) herbivory are not explained by changes in chemical or structural leaf traits. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228157. [PMID: 31978155 PMCID: PMC6980561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect herbivores have the potential to change both physical and chemical traits of their host plant. Although the impacts of herbivores on their hosts have been widely studied, experiments assessing changes in multiple leaf traits or functions simultaneously are still rare. We experimentally tested whether herbivory by winter moth (Operophtera brumata) caterpillars and mechanical leaf wounding changed leaf mass per area, leaf area, leaf carbon and nitrogen content, and the concentrations of 27 polyphenol compounds on oak (Quercus robur) leaves. To investigate how potential changes in the studied traits affect leaf functioning, we related the traits to the rates of leaf photosynthesis and respiration. Overall, we did not detect any clear effects of herbivory or mechanical leaf damage on the chemical or physical leaf traits, despite clear effect of herbivory on photosynthesis. Rather, the trait variation was primarily driven by variation between individual trees. Only leaf nitrogen content and a subset of the studied polyphenol compounds correlated with photosynthesis and leaf respiration. Our results suggest that in our study system, abiotic conditions related to the growth location, variation between tree individuals, and seasonal trends in plant physiology are more important than herbivory in determining the distribution and composition of leaf chemical and structural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Visakorpi
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI Turku, Finland
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
- Seccion Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Sofia Gripenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
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14
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Rossetti MR, Rösch V, Videla M, Tscharntke T, Batáry P. Insect and plant traits drive local and landscape effects on herbivory in grassland fragments. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rossetti
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 X5016GCA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Verena Rösch
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
- Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau/Pfalz Germany
| | - Martín Videla
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 X5016GCA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
- MTA ÖK Lendület Landscape and Conservation Ecology Research Group Alkotmány u. 2‐4 2163 Vácrátót Hungary
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15
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Kessler A. Introduction to a special feature issue - New insights into plant volatiles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:655-658. [PMID: 30324737 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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