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Hošek J, Pokorný P, Storch D, Kvaček J, Havig J, Novák J, Hájková P, Jamrichová E, Brengman L, Radoměřský T, Křížek M, Magna T, Rapprich V, Laufek F, Hamilton T, Pack A, Di Rocco T, Horáček I. Hot spring oases in the periglacial desert as the Last Glacial Maximum refugia for temperate trees in Central Europe. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado6611. [PMID: 38820152 PMCID: PMC11141633 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Northern glacial refugia are a hotly debated concept. The idea that many temperate organisms survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~26.5 to 19 thousand years) in several sites across central and northern Europe stems from phylogeographic analyses, yet direct fossil evidence has thus far been missing. Here, we present the first unequivocal proof that thermophilous trees such as oak (Quercus), linden (Tilia), and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) survived the LGM in Central Europe. The persistence of the refugium was promoted by a steady influx of hydrothermal waters that locally maintained a humid and warm microclimate. We reconstructed the geological and palaeohydrological factors responsible for the emergence of hot springs during the LGM and argue that refugia of this type, allowing the long-term survival and rapid post-LGM dispersal of temperate elements, were not exceptional in the European periglacial zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hošek
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pokorný
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - David Storch
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kvaček
- Department of Palaeontology, National Museum Prague, Václavské nám. 68, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jeff Havig
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hájková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jamrichová
- Department of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Latisha Brengman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Tomáš Radoměřský
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Křížek
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Magna
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Trinity Hamilton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Andreas Pack
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tommaso Di Rocco
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Horáček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Revelles J, Martí Molist J, Burjachs F, Finsinger W, Iriarte E, Mesquita-Joanes F, Pla-Rabés S, Planagumà L, Rodrigo MA, Alcalde G, Saña M. Socio-ecological impact of monogenetic volcanism in the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (NE Iberia). Sci Rep 2023; 13:8168. [PMID: 37210574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Volcanism can cause major impacts, including climate change and mass extinctions. However, the impact of monogenetic volcanism is often considered as limited in volcanological research. This work provides for the first time an interdisciplinary approach to the socio-ecological impact of monogenetic volcanism in a key region, the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (GVF, Girona, NE Iberia), where intense monogenetic volcanic activity occurred in the past. The analyses of a sedimentary sequence from the GVF enabled identifying previously unknown volcanic eruptions in the time interval 14-8.4 ka cal BP, constrain their volcanic stratigraphy and age, and unfold the effects of environmental change on geomorphology, vegetation, aquatic organisms and humans. Moreover, we reconstruct the major palaeoenvironmental changes caused by the eruptions in terms of fire episodes and subsequent disturbance on vegetation, hydrology and limnological conditions. When put in context with the archaeological record, it appears that the last hunter-gatherer communities were resilient at an extra-local scale, facing episodes of vulnerability due to volcanic activity, suggesting that their flexible nomadic patterns and foraging economies were an efficient source of risk management against the volcanic eruptions and their ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Revelles
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Joan Martí Molist
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Burjachs
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter Finsinger
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Eneko Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana/IsoTOPIK, Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Comunicación, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Edificio de I+d+i, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Francesc Mesquita-Joanes
- "Cavanilles" Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Sergi Pla-Rabés
- Unitat d'Ecologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Center for Ecological and Forestry Applications, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Llorenç Planagumà
- Tosca, Environment Services of Education, Casal dels Volcans, Av. Santa Coloma, 17800, Olot, Spain
| | - Maria A Rodrigo
- "Cavanilles" Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Gabriel Alcalde
- Departament Història i Històriadel'Art, Universitat de Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Saña
- Departament de Prehistòria Edifici B, Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Long-Term Responses of Mediterranean Mountain Forests to Climate Change, Fire and Human Activities in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Ecosystems 2020; 24:1361-1377. [PMID: 33288980 PMCID: PMC7710158 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fagus sylvatica (beech) dominates the montane forests of the Apennines and builds old-growth high-conservation value stands. However, recent severe drought-induced diebacks raise concern on the future persistence of these forests and of Southern European mesophilous woodlands overall, growing at their dry edge. To explore the history of Apennine beech-dominated forests, we draw on the multiproxy paleoecological record from Lago Verdarolo, which includes a robust vegetation-independent temperature reconstruction. Numerical techniques are used to investigate the drivers of long-term Mediterranean mountain forest dynamics. Specifically, we focus on disentangling the ecological factors that caused the shift from high-diversity mixed forests to beech-dominated stands and on assessing the occurrence of legacy effects on present-day forests. Abrupt climate change largely drove vegetation dynamics during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene. Species-rich mixed Abies alba (silver fir) forests dominated about 10,500—5500 years ago, under rather dry and warmer-than-today conditions (+ 1—2 °C) and limited fire occurrence. Cooler and moister summers and increasing fire activity caused declines in several fire-sensitive temperate deciduous trees (for example, Ulmus, Tilia, Fraxinus) and favored the establishment of fir-beech forests around 5500 years ago. Further enhancement of fire activity and farming around 2000 years ago led to local Abies alba extinction and forest impoverishment. We conclude that the currently widespread monospecific Apennine beech forests are the result of multi-millennial land-use intensification superimposed on Late Holocene cooling and moistening. Given their higher drought-tolerance compared to beech stands, reviving ancient species-rich mixed fir forests represents a feasible and ‘tested’ possibility to adapt forests to climate change.
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Carcaillet C, Blarquez O. Glacial refugia in the south-western Alps? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:663-667. [PMID: 30734310 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Carcaillet
- Laboratory for Ecology of Natural and Anthropised Hydrosystems (UMR 5023 CNRS ENTPE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
- Paris Sciences & Lettres University (PSL), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), 4-14 rue Ferrus, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Blarquez
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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