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Phillips RD, Bohman B, Peakall R, Reiter N. Sexual attraction with pollination during feeding behaviour: implications for transitions between specialized strategies. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:273-286. [PMID: 37963103 PMCID: PMC11005785 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding the origin of pollination by sexual deception has proven challenging, as sexually deceptive flowers are often highly modified, making it hard to resolve how any intermediate forms between sexual deception and an ancestral strategy might have functioned. Here, we report the discovery in Caladenia (Orchidaceae) of sexual attraction with pollination during feeding behaviour, which may offer important clues for understanding shifts in pollination strategy. METHODS For Caladenia robinsonii, we observed the behaviour of its male wasp pollinator, Phymatothynnus aff. nitidus (Thynnidae), determined the site of release of the sexual attractant, and experimentally evaluated if the position of the attractant influences rates of attempted copulation and feeding behaviour. We applied GC-MS to test for surface sugar on the labellum. To establish if this pollination strategy is widespread in Caladenia, we conducted similar observations and experiments for four other Caladenia species. KEY RESULTS In C. robinsonii, long-range sexual attraction of the pollinator is via semiochemicals emitted from the glandular sepal tips. Of the wasps landing on the flower, 57 % attempted copulation with the sepal tips, while 27 % attempted to feed from the base of the labellum, the behaviour associated with pollen transfer. A similar proportion of wasps exhibited feeding behaviour when the site of odour release was manipulated. A comparable pollination strategy occurs in another phylogenetically distinct clade of Caladenia. CONCLUSIONS We document a previously overlooked type of sexual deception for orchids involving long-distance sexual attraction, but with pollination occurring during feeding behaviour at the labellum. We show this type of sexual deception operates in other Caladenia species and predict that it is widespread across the genus. Our findings may offer clues about how an intermediate transitional strategy from a food-rewarding or food-deceptive ancestor operated during the evolution of sexual deception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Phillips
- Department of Environment and Genetics and the Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Science Division, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Björn Bohman
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma 23422, Sweden
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley, WA 6009Australia
| | - Rod Peakall
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Noushka Reiter
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Science Division, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
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2
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MacNeill BN, Ortiz-Brunel JP, Rodríguez A, Ruiz-Sánchez E, Navarro-Moreno J, Hofford NP, McKain MR. Floral Diversity and Pollination Syndromes in Agave subgenus Manfreda. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1376-1390. [PMID: 37673672 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Agave is an ecological keystone of American deserts and both culturally and economically important in Mexico. Agave is a large genus of about 250 species. The radiation of Agave is marked by an initial adaptation to desert environments and then a secondary diversification of species associated with pollinator groups, such as hummingbirds and nocturnal moths. Phylogenetic analyses place Agave subgenus Manfreda, or the "herbaceous agaves," in a monophyletic clade that likely evolved in part as an adaptation to novel pollination vectors. Here, we present a morphological and observational study assessing the evolution of floral form in response to pollinator specialization within this understudied group. We found significant visitation by hummingbirds and nocturnal moths to several species within the Agave subgenus Manfreda. These observations also align with our morphological analyses of floral organs and support the evolution of distinct pollination syndromes. We found that not all floral morphology is consistent within a pollination syndrome, suggesting hidden diversity in the evolution of floral phenotypes in Agave. We also characterize the morphological variation between herbarium and live specimens, demonstrating that special consideration needs to be made when combining these types of data. This work identifies the potential for studying the functional evolution of diverse floral forms within Agave and demonstrates the need to further explore ecological and evolutionary relationships to understand pollinator influence on diversification in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N MacNeill
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | | | - Aarón Rodríguez
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal. 45200 , Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Sánchez
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal. 45200 , Mexico
| | - Jesús Navarro-Moreno
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal. 45200 , Mexico
| | - Nathaniel P Hofford
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Michael R McKain
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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3
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Izquierdo JV, Costas SM, Castillo S, Baranzelli MC, Sazatornil F, Benitez-Vieyra S. Local adaptation to hummingbirds and bees in Salvia stachydifolia: insights into pollinator shifts in a Southern Andean sage. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1119-1130. [PMID: 37616580 PMCID: PMC10809053 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Differences among populations in pollinator assemblages can lead to local adaptation mosaics in which plants evolve different floral morphologies and attractive traits. Mountain habitats may promote local adaptation because of differences in environmental conditions with altitude, causing changes in pollinators, and because mountaintops can act as isolated habitats. We studied if the differences in floral shape, size and nectar traits in Salvia stachydifolia can be attributed to variations in the relative contribution of hummingbirds and insects. METHODS We studied eight populations of S. stachydifolia in natural and under common garden conditions, to assess whether population differences have a genetic component. We recorded pollinators, their behaviour and visitation rates, and characterized pollinator assemblages. In addition, we measured nectar volume and concentration, and collected flowers to describe floral shape and size variation using geometric morphometric methods. We then applied an unsupervised learning algorithm to identify ecotypes based on morphometric traits. Finally, we explored whether populations with different pollinator assemblages had different climatic and/or elevation preferences. KEY RESULTS We found that variation in the identity of the main pollinators was associated with differences among populations in all traits, as expected under a local adaptation scenario. These differences persisted in the common garden, suggesting that they were not due to phenotypic plasticity. We found S. stachydifolia populations were pollinated either by bees, by hummingbirds or had mixed pollination. We identified two ecotypes that correspond to the identity of the main pollinator guilds, irrespective of climate or altitude. CONCLUSIONS Variation in S. stachydifolia floral traits did not follow any evident association with bioclimatic factors, suggesting that populations may have diverged as the product of historical isolation on mountaintops. We suggest that differences among populations point to incipient speciation and an ongoing pollinator shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana V Izquierdo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET), CC 495 (X5000ZAA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago M Costas
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET), CC 495 (X5000ZAA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Castillo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET), CC 495 (X5000ZAA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Matíias C Baranzelli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET), CC 495 (X5000ZAA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico Sazatornil
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET), CC 495 (X5000ZAA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Benitez-Vieyra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET), CC 495 (X5000ZAA), Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Martínez-Gómez J, Park S, Hartogs SR, Soza VL, Park SJ, Di Stilio VS. Flower morphology as a predictor of pollination mode in a biotic to abiotic pollination continuum. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:61-76. [PMID: 37235981 PMCID: PMC10550269 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wind pollination has evolved repeatedly in flowering plants, yet the identification of a wind pollination syndrome as a set of integrated floral traits can be elusive. Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) comprises temperate perennial herbs that have transitioned repeatedly from insect to wind pollination while also exhibiting mixed pollination, providing an ideal system to test for evolutionary correlation between floral morphology and pollination mode in a biotic to abiotic continuum. Moreover, the lack of floral organ fusion across this genus allows testing for specialization to pollination vectors in the absence of this feature. METHODS We expanded phylogenetic sampling in the genus from a previous study using six chloroplast loci, which allowed us to test whether species cluster into distinct pollination syndromes based on floral morphology. We then used multivariate analyses on floral traits followed by ancestral state reconstruction of the emerging flower morphotypes and determined whether these traits are evolutionarily correlated under a Bayesian framework with Brownian motion. KEY RESULTS Floral traits fell into five distinct clusters, which were reduced to three after considering phylogenetic relatedness and were largely consistent with flower morphotypes and associated pollination vectors. Multivariate evolutionary analyses found a positive correlation between the lengths of floral reproductive structures (styles, stigmas, filaments and anthers). Shorter reproductive structures tracked insect-pollinated species and clades in the phylogeny, whereas longer structures tracked wind-pollinated ones, consistent with selective pressures exerted by biotic vs. abiotic pollination vectors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although detectable suites of integrated floral traits across Thalictrum were correlated with wind or insect pollination at the extremes of the morphospace distribution, a presumed intermediate, mixed pollination mode morphospace was also detected. Thus, our data broadly support the existence of detectable flower morphotypes from convergent evolution underlying the evolution of pollination mode in Thalictrum, presumably via different paths from an ancestral mixed pollination state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, PO Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences and L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seongjun Park
- Institute of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Samantha R Hartogs
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, PO Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Valerie L Soza
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, PO Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Seon Joo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Verónica S Di Stilio
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, PO Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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5
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Stephens RE, Gallagher RV, Dun L, Cornwell W, Sauquet H. Insect pollination for most of angiosperm evolutionary history. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:880-891. [PMID: 37276503 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most contemporary angiosperms (flowering plants) are insect pollinated, but pollination by wind, water or vertebrates occurs in many lineages. Though evidence suggests insect pollination may be ancestral in angiosperms, this is yet to be assessed across the full phylogeny. Here, we reconstruct the ancestral pollination mode of angiosperms and quantify the timing and environmental associations of pollination shifts. We use a robust, dated phylogeny and species-level sampling across all angiosperm families to model the evolution of pollination modes. Data on the pollination system or syndrome of 1160 species were collated from the primary literature. Angiosperms were ancestrally insect pollinated, and insects have pollinated angiosperms for c. 86% of angiosperm evolutionary history. Wind pollination evolved at least 42 times, with few reversals to animal pollination. Transitions between insect and vertebrate pollination were more frequent: vertebrate pollination evolved at least 39 times from an insect-pollinated ancestor with at least 26 reversals. The probability of wind pollination increases with habitat openness (measured by Leaf Area Index) and distance from the equator. Our reconstruction gives a clear overview of pollination macroevolution across angiosperms, highlighting the long history of interactions between insect pollinators and angiosperms still vital to biodiversity today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E Stephens
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Rachael V Gallagher
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Lily Dun
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Will Cornwell
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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6
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Albuquerque-Lima S, Domingos-Melo A, Milet-Pinheiro P, Navarro DMDOAF, Taylor NP, Zappi DC, Machado IC. The iconic cactus of the Caatinga dry forest, Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) has high sphingophily specialization and pollinator dependence. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220460. [PMID: 37646712 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereus jamacaru is a cactus distributed in Northeastern Brazil, with high symbolic value to this region. However, the interaction, behavior and the role of pollinators remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the reproductive biology, addressing the ecological significance of floral attributes, including details about floral signaling. The study was carried at three areas of the Caatinga, in 2015, 2017 and 2021. We analyzed the floral morphometry, volume and concentration of the nectar, and characterized the colour and scent of flowers. Additionally, we described the pollinator behavior and performed controlled pollination experiments. The 'Mandacaru' is self-incompatible, has nocturnal anthesis and the nectar is accumulated as droplets in a long hypanthial tube. The flowers have a reflective pattern with a dark outer surface and a white inner surface. (E)-nerolidol is the major component (87.4%) of its floral perfume. We registered the sphingid moth Cocytius antaeus visiting the flowers. The floral attributes, attractants and rewards drives to a sphingophily, and the pollination treatments showed the dependence to fruit set by C. antaeus, the pollinator registered. In this case, if the apparent lack of pollinator diversity encompasses its entire range, the loss of the hawkmoth could severely impact the reproductive success of the cactus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinzinando Albuquerque-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Biologia Floral e Reprodutiva - POLINIZAR, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arthur Domingos-Melo
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Ecologia, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56328-900 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Milet-Pinheiro
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Ecologia, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56328-900 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela Maria DO Amaral Ferraz Navarro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nigel P Taylor
- University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar Botanic Gardens Campus, 'The Alameda', Red Sands Road, PO Box 843, Gibraltar GX11 1AA
| | - Daniela C Zappi
- Universidade de Brasília, Secretaria da Coordenação de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Caixa Postal 04457, 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Biologia Floral e Reprodutiva - POLINIZAR, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Anderson B, Pannell J, Billiard S, Burgarella C, de Boer H, Dufay M, Helmstetter AJ, Méndez M, Otto SP, Roze D, Sauquet H, Schoen D, Schönenberger J, Vallejo-Marin M, Zenil-Ferguson R, Käfer J, Glémin S. Opposing effects of plant traits on diversification. iScience 2023; 26:106362. [PMID: 37034980 PMCID: PMC10074578 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Species diversity can vary dramatically across lineages due to differences in speciation and extinction rates. Here, we explore the effects of several plant traits on diversification, finding that most traits have opposing effects on diversification. For example, outcrossing may increase the efficacy of selection and adaptation but also decrease mate availability, two processes with contrasting effects on lineage persistence. Such opposing trait effects can manifest as differences in diversification rates that depend on ecological context, spatiotemporal scale, and associations with other traits. The complexity of pathways linking traits to diversification suggests that the mechanistic underpinnings behind their correlations may be difficult to interpret with any certainty, and context dependence means that the effects of specific traits on diversification are likely to differ across multiple lineages and timescales. This calls for taxonomically and context-controlled approaches to studies that correlate traits and diversification.
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8
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Huang L, Liu Y, Dou L, Pan S, Li Z, Zhang J, Li J. Mutualist- and antagonist-mediated selection contribute to trait diversification of flowers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14107. [PMID: 36196403 PMCID: PMC9527018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers are generally short-lived, and they all face a multidimensional challenge because they have to attract mutualists, compel them to vector pollen with minimal investment in rewards, and repel floral enemies during this short time window. Their displays are under complex selection, either consistent or conflicting, to maximize reproductive fitness under heterogeneous environments. The phenological or morphological mismatches between flowers and visitors will influence interspecific competition, resource access, mating success and, ultimately, population and community dynamics. To better understand the effects of the plant visitors on floral traits, it is necessary to determine the functional significance of specific floral traits for the visitors; how plants respond to both mutualists and antagonists through adaptive changes; and to evaluate the net fitness effects of biological mutualisms and antagonism on plants. In this review, we bring together insights from fields as diverse as floral biology, insect behavioral responses, and evolutionary biology to explain the processes and patterns of floral diversity evolution. Then, we discuss the ecological significance of plant responses to mutualists and antagonists from a community perspective, and propose a set of research questions that can guide the research field to integrate studies of plant defense and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Dou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shaobin Pan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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9
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Berardi AE, Betancourt Morejón AC, Hopkins R. Convergence without divergence in North American red-flowering Silene. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945806. [PMID: 36147235 PMCID: PMC9485837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of correlated floral traits have arisen repeatedly across angiosperms through convergent evolution in response to pollinator selection to optimize reproduction. While some plant groups exhibit very distinct combinations of traits adapted to specific pollinators (so-called pollination syndromes), others do not. Determining how floral traits diverge across clades and whether floral traits show predictable correlations in diverse groups of flowering plants is key to determining the extent to which pollinator-mediated selection drives diversification. The North American Silene section Physolychnis is an ideal group to investigate patterns of floral evolution because it is characterized by the evolution of novel red floral color, extensive floral morphological variation, polyploidy, and exposure to a novel group of pollinators (hummingbirds). We test for correlated patterns of trait evolution that would be consistent with convergent responses to selection in the key floral traits of color and morphology. We also consider both the role of phylogenic distance and geographic overlap in explaining patterns of floral trait variation. Inconsistent with phenotypically divergent pollination syndromes, we find very little clustering of North American Silene into distinct floral morphospace. We also find little evidence that phylogenetic history or geographic overlap explains patterns of floral diversity in this group. White- and pink-flowering species show extensive phenotypic diversity but are entirely overlapping in morphological variation. However, red-flowering species have much less phenotypic disparity and cluster tightly in floral morphospace. We find that red-flowering species have evolved floral traits that align with a traditional hummingbird syndrome, but that these trait values overlap with several white and pink species as well. Our findings support the hypothesis that convergent evolution does not always proceed through comparative phenotypic divergence, but possibly through sorting of standing ancestral variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Berardi
- Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana C. Betancourt Morejón
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Orr MC, Jakob M, Harmon-Threatt A, Mupepele AC. A review of global trends in the study types used to investigate bee nesting biology. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Droissart V, Azandi L, Onguene ER, Savignac M, Smith TB, Deblauwe V. PICT: A low‐cost, modular, open‐source camera trap system to study plant–insect interactions. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Droissart
- AMAP Lab Université MontpellierIRDCNRSINRAECIRAD Montpellier France
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teachers’ Training CollegeUniversity of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Laura Azandi
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teachers’ Training CollegeUniversity of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Eric Rostand Onguene
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Yaoundé Cameroon
- National Forestry School Mbalmayo Mbalmayo Cameroon
| | - Marie Savignac
- AMAP Lab Université MontpellierIRDCNRSINRAECIRAD Montpellier France
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teachers’ Training CollegeUniversity of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Thomas B. Smith
- Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Vincent Deblauwe
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Yaoundé Cameroon
- Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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12
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Rose JP, Sytsma KJ. Complex interactions underlie the correlated evolution of floral traits and their association with pollinators in a clade with diverse pollination systems. Evolution 2021; 75:1431-1449. [PMID: 33818785 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection by pollinators is an important factor in the morphological diversity and adaptive radiation of flowering plants. Selection by similar pollinators in unrelated plants leads to convergence in floral morphology, or "floral syndromes." Previous investigations into floral syndromes have mostly studied relatively small and/or simple systems, emphasizing vertebrate pollination. Despite the importance of multiple floral traits in plant-pollinator interactions, these studies have examined few quantitative traits, so their co-variation and phenotypic integration have been underexplored. To gain better insights into pollinator-trait dynamics, we investigate the model system of the phlox family (Polemoniaceae), a clade of ∼400 species pollinated by a diversity of vectors. Using a comprehensive phylogeny and large dataset of traits and observations of pollinators, we reconstruct ancestral pollination system, accounting for the temporal history of pollinators. We conduct phylogenetically controlled analyses of trait co-variation and association with pollinators, integrating many analyses over phylogenetic uncertainty. Pollinator shifts are more heterogeneous than previously hypothesized. The evolution of floral traits is partially constrained by phylogenetic history and trait co-variation, but traits are convergent and differences are associated with different pollinators. Trait shifts are usually gradual, rather than rapid, suggesting complex genetic and ecological interactions of flowers at macroevolutionary scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Rose
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706.,Current Address: Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, 68849
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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