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Chen L, Liu L, Yang G, Li X, Dai X, Xue L, Yin T. Expression Quantitative Trait Locus of Wood Formation-Related Genes in Salix suchowensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:247. [PMID: 38203430 PMCID: PMC10778782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrub willows are widely planted for landscaping, soil remediation, and biomass production, due to their rapid growth rates. Identification of regulatory genes in wood formation would provide clues for genetic engineering of willows for improved growth traits on marginal lands. Here, we conducted an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis, using a full sibling F1 population of Salix suchowensis, to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying wood formation. Based on variants identified from simplified genome sequencing and gene expression data from RNA sequencing, 16,487 eQTL blocks controlling 5505 genes were identified, including 2148 cis-eQTLs and 16,480 trans-eQTLs. eQTL hotspots were identified, based on eQTL frequency in genomic windows, revealing one hotspot controlling genes involved in wood formation regulation. Regulatory networks were further constructed, resulting in the identification of key regulatory genes, including three transcription factors (JAZ1, HAT22, MYB36) and CLV1, BAM1, CYCB2;4, CDKB2;1, associated with the proliferation and differentiation activity of cambium cells. The enrichment of genes in plant hormone pathways indicates their critical roles in the regulation of wood formation. Our analyses provide a significant groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network of wood formation in S. suchowensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liangjiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Poplar Germplasm Enhancement and Variety Improvement, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Poplar Germplasm Enhancement and Variety Improvement, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Sahu SK, Liu M, Chen Y, Gui J, Fang D, Chen X, Yang T, He C, Cheng L, Yang J, Sahu DN, Li L, Wang H, Mu W, Wei J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Lisby M, Liu X, Xu X, Li L, Wang S, Liu H. Chromosome-scale genomes of commercial timber trees (Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea, and Tectona grandis). Sci Data 2023; 10:512. [PMID: 37537171 PMCID: PMC10400565 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood is the most important natural and endlessly renewable source of energy. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wood, many aspects of its formation have not yet been investigated. We performed chromosome-scale genome assemblies of three timber trees (Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea, and Tectona grandis) which exhibit different wood properties such as wood density, hardness, growth rate, and fiber cell wall thickness. The combination of 10X, stLFR, Hi-Fi sequencing and HiC data led us to assemble high-quality genomes evident by scaffold N50 length of 55.97 Mb (O. pyramidale), 22.37 Mb (M. ferrea) and 14.55 Mb (T. grandis) with >97% BUSCO completeness of the assemblies. A total of 35774, 24027, and 44813 protein-coding genes were identified in M. ferrea, T. grandis and O. pyramidale, respectively. The data generated in this study is anticipated to serve as a valuable genetic resource and will promote comparative genomic analyses, and it is of practical importance in gaining a further understanding of the wood properties in non-model woody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150400, China
| | - Yewen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Chengzhong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Le Cheng
- BGI Research, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- BGI Research, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Durgesh Nandini Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Linzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Weixue Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jinpu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Forestry Bureau of Ruili, Yunnan Dehong, Ruili, 678600, China
| | | | - Shouzhou Zhang
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150400, China.
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Müller M, Kües U, Budde KB, Gailing O. Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2783-2830. [PMID: 36988668 PMCID: PMC10106355 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Forests provide invaluable economic, ecological, and social services. At the same time, they are exposed to several threats, such as fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, or increasingly destructive pests and pathogens. Trees, the inherent species of forests, cannot be viewed as isolated organisms. Manifold (micro)organisms are associated with trees playing a pivotal role in forest ecosystems. Of these organisms, fungi may have the greatest impact on the life of trees. A multitude of molecular and genetic methods are now available to investigate tree species and their associated organisms. Due to their smaller genome sizes compared to tree species, whole genomes of different fungi are routinely compared. Such studies have only recently started in forest tree species. Here, we summarize the application of molecular and genetic methods in forest conservation genetics, tree breeding, and association genetics as well as for the investigation of fungal communities and their interrelated ecological functions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of adaptive traits, the impacts of forest management, and changing environmental conditions on tree species and fungal communities and can enhance tree-breeding cycles due to reduced time for field testing. It becomes clear that there are multifaceted interactions among microbial species as well as between these organisms and trees. We demonstrate the versatility of the different approaches based on case studies on trees and fungi. KEY POINTS: • Current knowledge of genetic methods applied to forest trees and associated fungi. • Genomic methods are essential in conservation, breeding, management, and research. • Important role of phytobiomes for trees and their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina B Budde
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Bejerman N, Debat H. Exploring the tymovirales landscape through metatranscriptomics data. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1785-1803. [PMID: 35708766 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tymovirales is an order of viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes that mostly infect plants, but also fungi and insects. The number of genome sequences of viruses that could fit this taxon has been growing in the last few years with the extensive use of high-throughput sequencing. Here, we report the discovery of 31 novel viral genome sequences associated with 27 different host plant species, which were hidden in public databases. These viral sequences were identified through homology searches in more than 3,000 plant transcriptomes from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) using known tymovirales sequences as queries. Identification, assembly, and curation of raw SRA reads resulted in 29 viral genome sequences with complete coding regions, and two representing partial genomes. Some of the obtained sequences highlight novel genome organizations for members of the order. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six of the novel viruses are related to alphaflexiviruses, 17 to betaflexiviruses, two to deltaflexiviruses, and six to tymovirids. These findings shed new light on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary landscape of this group of viruses. Furthermore, this study illustrates the complexity and genome diversity among members of the order and demonstrates that analyzing public SRA data provides an invaluable tool to accelerate virus discovery and refine virus taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina
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Patturaj M, Munusamy A, Kannan N, Ramasamy Y. Biologia Futura: progress and future perspectives of long non-coding RNAs in forest trees. Biol Futur 2021; 73:43-53. [PMID: 34843103 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Forest trees are affected by climate change, anthropogenic pressure, as well as abiotic and biotic stresses. Conventional tree breeding has so far been limited to enhance overall productivity, and our understanding of the genetic basis of quantitative traits is still inadequate. Quantum leaps in next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have permitted the exploration and identification of various non-coding regions of the genome other than protein coding genes. These genomic regions produce various types of non-coding RNAs and regulate myriads of biological functions at epigenetic, transcriptional and translational levels. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which act as molecular switch have been identified to be pivotal molecules in forest trees. This review focuses on progress made in regulatory mechanisms in various developmental phases like wood formation, adventitious rooting and flowering and stress responses. It was predicted that complex regulatory interactions among lncRNA, miRNA and gene exist. LncRNAs can function as a sponge for miRNAs, reducing the suppressive effect of miRNAs on target mRNAs and perhaps adding a new layer of regulatory interactions among non-coding RNA classes in trees. Furthermore, network analysis revealed the interactions of lncRNA and genes during the expression of several important genes. The insights generated about lncRNAs in forest trees would enable improvement of economically important traits including the devastating abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, solid understanding on the wide range of regulatory functions of lncRNAs on traits influencing biomass productivity and adaptation would aid the applications of biotechnology in genetic improvement of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswari Patturaj
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India
| | - Aiswarya Munusamy
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India
| | - Nithishkumar Kannan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India
| | - Yasodha Ramasamy
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India.
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