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Sun S, Zhang Y, Wang N, Yang W, Zhai Y, Wang H, Fan P, You C, Zheng P, Wang R. Changing effects of energy and water on the richness distribution pattern of the Quercus genus in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1301395. [PMID: 38298826 PMCID: PMC10827969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1301395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Climate varies along geographic gradients, causing spatial variations in the effects of energy and water on species richness and the explanatory power of different climatic factors. Species of the Quercus genus are important tree species in China with high ecological and socioeconomic value. To detect whether the effects of energy and water on species richness change along climatic gradients, this study built geographically weighted regression models based on species richness and climatic data. Variation partition analysis and hierarchical partitioning analysis were used to further explore the main climatic factors shaping the richness distribution pattern of Quercus in China. The results showed that Quercus species were mainly distributed in mountainous areas of southwestern China. Both energy and water were associated with species richness, with global slopes of 0.17 and 0.14, respectively. The effects of energy and water on species richness gradually increased as energy and water in the environment decreased. The interaction between energy and water altered the effect of energy, and in arid regions, the effects of energy and water were relatively stronger. Moreover, energy explained more variation in species richness in both the entire study area (11.5%) and different climate regions (up to 19.4%). The min temperature of coldest month was the main climatic variable forming the richness distribution pattern of Quercus in China. In conclusion, cold and drought are the critical climatic factors limiting the species richness of Quercus, and climate warming will have a greater impact in arid regions. These findings are important for understanding the biogeographic characteristics of Quercus and conserving biodiversity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Sun
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, United States
| | - Naixian Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinuo Zhai
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peixian Fan
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao You
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peiming Zheng
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Di Marco G, D'Agostino A, Braglia R, Redi EL, Iacobelli S, Gismondi A, Canini A. Pollen variability in Quercus L. species and relative systematic implications. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108079. [PMID: 37862931 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to address one of the challenges related to the complexity of the Quercus L. genus, that is the identification of structural elements favouring the systematic identification of the oak pollen. Thus, in this contribution, we explored the variation of morphometric and chemical parameters in pollen samples collected from 47 different Quercus species and hybrids. Several qualitative (e.g., outline in polar view, class, aperture structures) and quantitative (e.g., diameter, exine and sporoderm thickness, autofluorescence, content in proteins and plant metabolites) features were evaluated by optic microscopy and spectrophotometric assays. Statistical analyses were also carried out to assess significant correlations and clustering effects among the studied taxa, based on phenotypical and biochemical data, to identify the parameters which could be useful for taxonomic discrimination at inter- and intra-specific level. Only few morphological traits showed the potentiality to be diagnostic, such as pollen diameter and outline in polar view. The intensity of pollen autofluorescence varied among the samples but it did not seem to correlate with protein, carotenoid, phenolic and flavonoid content. However, differences in protein and carotenoid levels were detected, suggesting them as possible taxonomic discriminants for oak pollen. Thus, our work represents a step forward in understanding morphology and biochemistry of oak pollen, constitutes an experimental set-up applicable in future systematic studies on other genera, and opens new perspectives for further molecular investigations on Quercus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Braglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Iacobelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Germplasm Resources of Oaks ( Quercus L.) in China: Utilization and Prospects. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010076. [PMID: 36671768 PMCID: PMC9855944 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oaks exhibit unique biological characteristics and high adaptability to complex climatic and soil conditions. They are widely distributed across various regions, spanning 40 degrees latitude and 75 degrees longitude. The total area of oak forest in China is 16.72 million hm2. There are 60 lineages of Quercus in China, including 49 species, seven varieties, and four subgenera. Archaeological data indicate that oaks were already widely distributed in ancient times, and they are dominant trees in vast regions of China's forests. In addition, the acorn was an important food for ancestral humans, and it has accompanied human civilization since the early Paleolithic. Diverse oak species are widely distributed and have great functional value, such as for greening, carbon sequestration, industrial and medicinal uses, and insect rearing. Long-term deforestation, fire, diseases, and pests have led to a continuous decline in oak resources. This study discusses the Quercus species and their distribution in China, ecological adaptation, and the threats facing the propagation and growth of oaks in a changing world. This will give us a better understanding of Quercus resources, and provide guidance on how to protect and better utilize germplasm resources in China. The breeding of new varieties, pest control, and chemical and molecular research also need to be strengthened in future studies.
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Han B, Wang L, Xian Y, Xie XM, Li WQ, Zhao Y, Zhang RG, Qin X, Li DZ, Jia KH. A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Chinese cork oak ( Quercus variabilis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001583. [PMID: 36212310 PMCID: PMC9538376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercus variabilis (Fagaceae) is an ecologically and economically important deciduous broadleaved tree species native to and widespread in East Asia. It is a valuable woody species and an indicator of local forest health, and occupies a dominant position in forest ecosystems in East Asia. However, genomic resources from Q. variabilis are still lacking. Here, we present a high-quality Q. variabilis genome generated by PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing. The assembled genome size is 787 Mb, with a contig N50 of 26.04 Mb and scaffold N50 of 64.86 Mb, comprising 12 pseudo-chromosomes. The repetitive sequences constitute 67.6% of the genome, of which the majority are long terminal repeats, accounting for 46.62% of the genome. We used ab initio, RNA sequence-based and homology-based predictions to identify protein-coding genes. A total of 32,466 protein-coding genes were identified, of which 95.11% could be functionally annotated. Evolutionary analysis showed that Q. variabilis was more closely related to Q. suber than to Q. lobata or Q. robur. We found no evidence for species-specific whole genome duplications in Quercus after the species had diverged. This study provides the first genome assembly and the first gene annotation data for Q. variabilis. These resources will inform the design of further breeding strategies, and will be valuable in the study of genome editing and comparative genomics in oak species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, China
| | - Longxin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Xian
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Man Xie
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Gang Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Ori (Shandong) Gene Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- De-Zhu Li,
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai-Hua Jia,
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