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Leino-Kilpi H, Inkeroinen S, Cabrera E, Charalambous A, Fatkulina N, Katajisto J, Sigurðardóttir ÁK, Sourtzi P, Suhonen R, Zabalegui A, Valkeapää K. Instruments for Patient Education: Psychometric Evaluation of the Expected Knowledge (EKhp) and the Received Knowledge of Hospital Patients (RKhp). J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1481-1505. [PMID: 33204098 PMCID: PMC7667700 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s271043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In patient education, there is a need for valid and reliable instruments to assess and tailor empowering educational activities. In this study, we summarize the process of producing two parallel instruments for analyzing hospital patients’ expectations (Expected Knowledge of Hospital Patients, EKhp) and received knowledge (Received Knowledge of Hospital Patients, RKhp) and evaluate the psychometrics of the instruments based on international data. In the instruments, six elements of empowering knowledge are included (bio-physiological, functional, experiential, ethical, social, and financial). Patients and Methods The original Finnish versions of EKhp and RKhp were tested for the first time in 2003, after which they have been used in several national studies. For international purposes, the instruments were first translated into English, then to languages of the seven participating European countries, using double-checking procedure in each one, and subsequently evaluated and confirmed by local researchers and language experts. International data collection was performed in 2009–2012 with a total sample of 1,595 orthopedic patients. Orthopedic patients were selected due to the increase in their numbers, and need for educational activities. Here we report the psychometrics of the instruments for potential international use and future development. Results Content validities were confirmed by each participating country. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original theoretical, six-dimensional structure of the instruments. For some subscales, however, there is a need for further clarification. The summative factors, based on the dimensions, have a satisfactory internal consistency. The results support the use of the instruments in patient education in orthopedic nursing, and preferably also in other fields of surgical nursing care. Conclusion EKhp and RKhp have potential for international use in the evaluation of empowering patient education. In the future, testing of the structure is needed, and validation in other fields of clinical care besides surgical nursing is especially warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Leino-Kilpi
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saija Inkeroinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Esther Cabrera
- School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Care Management and Social Work, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreas Charalambous
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Nursing Department, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Natalja Fatkulina
- Department of Nursing, Klaipeda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania.,Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jouko Katajisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Árún K Sigurðardóttir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland.,Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Panayota Sourtzi
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Riitta Suhonen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Adelaida Zabalegui
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kirsi Valkeapää
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Human Performance Division, Finnish Defense Research Agency, Järvenpää, Finland
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Gröndahl W, Muurinen H, Katajisto J, Suhonen R, Leino-Kilpi H. Perceived quality of nursing care and patient education: a cross-sectional study of hospitalised surgical patients in Finland. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023108. [PMID: 30948561 PMCID: PMC6500100 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyse the relationship between patient education and the quality of surgical nursing care as perceived by patients. The background of the study lies in the importance of a patient-centred approach for both patient education and quality evaluation. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study with surgical patients. SETTING Data were collected in 2013 in one hospital district in Finland. PARTICIPANTS 480 hospitalised surgical patients. METHODS The data were collected using two structured instruments: one measuring the perceived quality of nursing care experienced by patients (Good Nursing Care Scale) and one measuring the received knowledge of hospital patients (RKhp). Data were analysed statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics to describe the sample and study variables. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyse the association between the scales. RESULTS Surgical hospital patients evaluated the level of the quality of nursing care as high; this was especially true with reference to the environment and staff characteristics, but not to collaboration with family members. Most (85%) of the patients had received sufficient knowledge preoperatively and they were familiar with the proceeding of their care and treatment after discharge; in particular, they had received bio-physiological knowledge, consisting of knowledge of the disease, symptoms and the physiological elements of care. The positive correlation between the perceived quality of surgical nursing care and received knowledge was strong, suggesting a positive relationship between patient education and improvement of the quality of nursing care. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, the quality of nursing care and patient education are interconnected. Thus, by improving patient education, the quality of nursing care can also be improved. It is particularly important to improve collaboration with family members and patients' own management strategies as well as the multidimensionality of educational knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronica Gröndahl
- Digestive and Urology Clinic, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Muurinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Katajisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Suhonen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Leino-Kilpi
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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