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Zhang XD, Gu B, Usman M, Tang JW, Li ZK, Zhang XQ, Yan JW, Wang L. Recent Progress in the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus in Clinical Settings. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are mainly found on the skin or in the nose. These bacteria are typically friendly, causing no harm to healthy individuals or resulting in only minor issues that can go away on their own. However, under certain circumstances, staphylococcal bacteria could invade the bloodstream, affect the entire body, and lead to life-threatening problems like septic shock. In addition, antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus is another issue because of its difficulty in the treatment of infections, such as the notorious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is resistant to most of the currently known antibiotics. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of Staphylococcus and characterization of the antibiotic resistance profiles are essential in clinical settings for efficient prevention, control, and treatment of the bacteria. This chapter highlights recent advances in the diagnosis of Staphylococci in clinical settings with a focus on the advanced technique of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which will provide a framework for the real-world applications of novel diagnostic techniques in medical laboratories via bench-top instruments and at the bedside through point-of-care devices.
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Rapid, Label-Free Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella typhimurium by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031356. [PMID: 35163280 PMCID: PMC8835768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid identification of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility is pivotal to the rational administration of antibacterial drugs. In this study, cefotaxime (CTX)-derived resistance in Salmonella typhimurium (abbr. CTXr-S. typhimurium) during 3 months of exposure was rapidly recorded using a portable Raman spectrometer. The molecular changes that occurred in the drug-resistant strains were sensitively monitored in whole cells by label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Various degrees of resistant strains could be accurately discriminated by applying multivariate statistical analyses to bacterial SERS profiles. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values showed a positive linear correlation with the relative Raman intensities of I990/I1348, and the R2 reached 0.9962. The SERS results were consistent with the data obtained by MIC assays, mutant prevention concentration (MPC) determinations, and Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility tests (K-B tests). This preliminary proof-of-concept study indicates the high potential of the SERS method to supplement the time-consuming conventional method and help alleviate the challenges of antibiotic resistance in clinical therapy.
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Hu Y, Anes J, Devineau S, Fanning S. Klebsiella pneumoniae: Prevalence, Reservoirs, Antimicrobial Resistance, Pathogenicity, and Infection: A Hitherto Unrecognized Zoonotic Bacterium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:63-84. [PMID: 33124929 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered an opportunistic pathogen, constituting an ongoing health concern for immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and neonates. Reports on the isolation of K. pneumoniae from other sources are increasing, many of which express multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Three phylogroups were identified based on nucleotide differences. Niche environments, including plants, animals, and humans appear to be colonized by different phylogroups, among which KpI (K. pneumoniae) is commonly associated with human infection. Infections with K. pneumoniae can be transmitted through contaminated food or water and can be associated with community-acquired infections or between persons and animals involved in hospital-acquired infections. Increasing reports are describing detections along the food chain, suggesting the possibility exists that this could be a hitherto unexplored reservoir for this opportunistic bacterial pathogen. Expression of MDR phenotypes elaborated by these bacteria is due to the nature of various plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-encoding genes, and is a challenge to animal, environmental, and human health alike. Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide for the rapid identification and screening of antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella isolates. Moreover, hypervirulent isolates linked with extraintestinal infections express phenotypes that may support their niche adaptation. In this review, the prevalence, reservoirs, AMR, Raman spectroscopy detection, and pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae are summarized and various extraintestinal infection pathways are further narrated to extend our understanding of its adaptation and survival ability in reservoirs, and associated disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - João Anes
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Götz T, Dahms M, Kirchhoff J, Beleites C, Glaser U, Bohnert JA, Pletz MW, Popp J, Schlattmann P, Neugebauer U. Automated and rapid identification of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli against the lead drugs of acylureidopenicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones using specific Raman marker bands. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000149. [PMID: 32410283 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A Raman-based, strain-independent, semi-automated method is presented that allows the rapid (<3 hours) determination of antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical samples. Applying a priori knowledge about the mode of action of the respective antibiotic, we identified characteristic Raman marker bands in the spectrum and calculated batch-wise weighted sum scores from standardized Raman intensity differences between spectra of antibiotic exposed and nonexposed samples of the same strains. The lead substances for three relevant antibiotic classes (fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin, third-generation cephalosporin cefotaxime, ureidopenicillin piperacillin) against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRGN) revealed a high sensitivity and specificity for the susceptibility testing of two Escherichia coli laboratory strains and 12 clinical isolates. The method benefits from the parallel incubation of control and treated samples, which reduces the variance due to alterations in cultivation conditions and the standardization of differences between batches leading to long-term comparability of Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Götz
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Data Science, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Dahms
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna Kirchhoff
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Glaser
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen A Bohnert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Data Science, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Peng MW, Wei XY, Yu Q, Yan P, Chen YP, Guo JS. Identification of ceftazidime interaction with bacteria in wastewater treatment by Raman spectroscopic mapping. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32744-32752. [PMID: 35529746 PMCID: PMC9073089 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy yields a fingerprint spectrum and is of great importance in medical and biological sciences as it is non-destructive, non-invasive, and available in the aqueous environment. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and Raman mapping were used to explore the dynamic biochemical processes in screened bacteria under ceftazidime stress. The Raman spectral difference between bacteria with and without antibiotic stress was analyzed by principal component analysis and characteristic peaks were obtained. The results showed that amino acids changed first and lipids were reduced when bacteria were exposed to ceftazidime stress. Furthermore, in Raman mapping, when bacteria were subjected to antibiotic stress, the peak at 1002 cm-1 (phenylalanine) increased, while the peak at 1172 cm-1 (lipids) weakened. This indicates that when bacteria were stimulated by antibiotics, the intracellular lipids decreased and the content of specific amino acids increased. The reduction of intracellular lipids may suggest a change of membrane permeability. The increase of specific amino acids suggests that bacteria resist external stimuli of antibiotics by regulating the activities of related enzymes. This study explored the processes of the action between bacteria and antibiotics by Raman spectroscopy, and provides a foundation for the further study of the dynamics of microbial biochemical processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wen Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China +86-23-65935818 +86-23-65935818
| | - Xiang-Yang Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China +86-23-65935818 +86-23-65935818
| | - Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China +86-23-65935818 +86-23-65935818
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China +86-23-65935818 +86-23-65935818
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China +86-23-65935818 +86-23-65935818
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China +86-23-65935818 +86-23-65935818
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Breaching the Barrier: Quantifying Antibiotic Permeability across Gram-negative Bacterial Membranes. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3531-3546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing of pathogenic bacteria using photonic readout methods: recent achievements and impact. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:549-566. [PMID: 30443798 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistances in common pathogens is an increasing challenge for therapy of infections and especially severe complications like sepsis. To prevent administration of broad-spectrum and potentially non-effective antibiotics, the susceptibility spectrum of the pathogens underlying the infection has to be determined. Current phenotypic standard methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) require the isolation of pathogens from the patient and the subsequent culturing in the presence of antibiotics leading to results only after 24-72 h. Since the early initialization of an effective antibiotic therapy is crucial for positive treatment result in severe infections, faster methods of AST are urgently needed. A large number of different assay systems are currently tested for their practicability for fast detection of antibiotic resistance profiles. They can be divided into genotypic ones which detect the presence of certain genes or gene products associated with resistances and phenotypic assays which determine the effect of antibiotics on the pathogens. In this mini-review, we summarize current developments in fast phenotypic tests that use photonic approaches and critically discuss their status. We further outline steps that are required to bring these assays into clinical practice.
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Schröder UC, Kirchhoff J, Hübner U, Mayer G, Glaser U, Henkel T, Pfister W, Fritzsche W, Popp J, Neugebauer U. On-chip spectroscopic assessment of microbial susceptibility to antibiotics within 3.5 hours. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1547-1557. [PMID: 28464521 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In times of rising antibiotic resistances, there is a high need for fast, sensitive and specific methods to determine antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens. Here, we present an integrated microfluidic device in which bacteria from diluted suspensions are captured in well-defined regions using on-chip dielectrophoresis and further analyzed in a label-free and non-destructive manner using Raman spectroscopy. Minimal sample preparation and automated sample processing ensure safe handling of infectious material with minimal hands-on time for the operator. Clinical applicability of the presented device is demonstrated by antibiotic susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli towards the commonly prescribed second generation fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli were differentiated from sensitive E. coli with high accuracy within roughly three hours total analysis time paving the way for future point-of-care devices. Spectral changes leading to the discrimination between sensitive and resistant bacteria are in excellent agreement with expected metabolic changes in the bacteria due to the mode of action of the drug. The robustness of the method was confirmed with experiments involving different chip devices with different designs, both electrode as well as microfluidics design, and material. Furthermore, general applicability was demonstrated with different operators over an extended time period of half a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich-Christian Schröder
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna Kirchhoff
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Mayer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Glaser
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pfister
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University Jena, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Jena, Germany
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9
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Fluoroquinolone structure and translocation flux across bacterial membrane. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9821. [PMID: 28851902 PMCID: PMC5575017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial multidrug resistance is a worrying health issue. In Gram-negative antibacterial research, the challenge is to define the antibiotic permeation across the membranes. Passing through the membrane barrier to reach the inhibitory concentration inside the bacterium is a pivotal step for antibacterial molecules. A spectrofluorimetric methodology has been developed to detect fluoroquinolones in bacterial population and inside individual Gram-negative bacterial cells. In this work, we studied the antibiotic accumulation in cells expressing various levels of efflux pumps. The assays allow us to determine the intracellular concentration of the fluoroquinolones to study the relationships between the level of efflux activity and the antibiotic accumulation, and finally to evaluate the impact of fluoroquinolone structures in this process. This represents the first protocol to identify some structural parameters involved in antibiotic translocation and accumulation, and to illustrate the recently proposed “Structure Intracellular Concentration Activity Relationship” (SICAR) concept.
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11
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Carey PR, Gibson BR, Gibson JF, Greenberg ME, Heidari-Torkabadi H, Pusztai-Carey M, Weaver ST, Whitmer GR. Defining Molecular Details of the Chemistry of Biofilm Formation by Raman Microspectroscopy. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2247-2250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Carey
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Blake R. Gibson
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jordan F. Gibson
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Michael E. Greenberg
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Hossein Heidari-Torkabadi
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marianne Pusztai-Carey
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sean T. Weaver
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Grant R. Whitmer
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Heidari-Torkabadi H, Bethel CR, Ding Z, Pusztai-Carey M, Bonnet R, Bonomo RA, Carey PR. “Mind the Gap”: Raman Evidence for Rapid Inactivation of CTX-M-9 β-Lactamase Using Mechanism-Based Inhibitors that Bridge the Active Site. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12760-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher R. Bethel
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | | | - Richard Bonnet
- Clermont Université, UMR 1071 INSERM/Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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