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Jarab AS, Abu Heshmeh SR, Al Meslamani AZ. Bridging the gap: The future of biosimilars regulations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2362450. [PMID: 38887055 PMCID: PMC11188803 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2362450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosimilar vaccines and immunotherapeutic are innovative approaches in medical research. This commentary addresses the current disparities in regulations of biosimilar vaccines and immunotherapeutic products across different nations. It also navigates the benefits of global regulatory alignment and challenges that may be encountered. The current discrepancies in regulations across different countries, which pose significant challenges for the development and approval of biosimilar vaccines and immunotherapeutic products. These disparities often lead to delayed market access, increased development costs, and hindered innovation. The commentary stresses that such obstacles could be mitigated through harmonized regulations, resulting in faster approvals, reduced healthcare costs, and improved patient outcomes. Moreover, the commentary explores the specific complexities associated with biosimilar vaccines and immunotherapeutic, such as the intricate evaluation of biosimilarity due to their molecular composition and immunogenic properties. In conclusion, the editorial advocates for collaborative efforts to overcome the challenges in achieving global regulatory harmonization for biosimilars. This includes establishing uniform standards, fostering international cooperation among regulatory agencies, and promoting educational initiatives for healthcare providers and regulators. The ultimate goal is to ensure that patients worldwide have timely access to safe, effective, and affordable biosimilar treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan S. Jarab
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Faculty of pharmacy, Department of clinical pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Shrouq R Abu Heshmeh
- Faculty of pharmacy, Department of clinical pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Kogelmann B, Melnik S, Bogner M, Kallolimath S, Stöger E, Sun L, Strasser R, D'Aoust MA, Lavoie PO, Saxena P, Gach JS, Steinkellner H. A genome-edited N. benthamiana line for industrial-scale production of recombinant glycoproteins with targeted N-glycosylation. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300323. [PMID: 37804142 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Control over glycosylation is an important quality parameter in recombinant protein production. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a marker-free genome edited Nicotiana benthamiana N-glycosylation mutant (NbXF-KO) carrying inactivated β1,2-xylosyltransferase and α1,3-fucosyltransferase genes. The knockout of seven genes and their stable inheritance was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Mass spectrometric analyses showed the synthesis of N-glycans devoid of plant-specific β1,2-xylose and core α 1,3-fucose on endogenous proteins and a series of recombinantly expressed glycoproteins with different complexities. Further transient glycan engineering towards more diverse human-type N-glycans resulted in the production of recombinant proteins decorated with β1,4-galactosylated and α2,6-sialylated structures, respectively. Notably, a monoclonal antibody expressed in the NbXF-KO displayed glycosylation-dependent activities. Collectively, the engineered plants grow normally and are well suited for upscaling, thereby meeting industrial and regulatory requirements for the production of high-quality therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kogelmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Melnik
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Bogner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Somanath Kallolimath
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stöger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Johannes S Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Ismail S, Abu Esba L, Khan M, Al-Abdulkarim H, Modimagh H, Yousef C. An Institutional Guide for Formulary Decisions of Biosimilars. Hosp Pharm 2023; 58:38-48. [PMID: 36644755 PMCID: PMC9837324 DOI: 10.1177/00185787221138007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biologics have changed the landscape for the management of many debilitating chronic diseases but account for a significant expenditure of medications globally. Fortunately, advances in technology paved the way for the introduction of biosimilars, which are highly similar to the originator biologics. In the quest to reduce the budget impact of biologics, organizations have begun to adopt biosimilars. Institutions evaluating biosimilars for inclusion in the hospital formulary must make informed formulary decisions by conducting a thorough review of key elements for evaluation of biosimilars and address the multidimensional aspects during the selection process of different biosimilar products. Therefore, we aim to present an institutional guide of these elements to inform formulary decisions. These key elements include biosimilar evaluation for formulary addition; regulatory approval; substitution, interchangeability, and switching; extrapolation; product characteristics, manufacturing, and supply chain issues; pharmacoeconomic evaluations; traceability, nomenclature, and coding; education; and pharmacovigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laila Abu Esba
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Al-Abdulkarim
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Drug Policy and Economic Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Modimagh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Consuela Yousef
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Affairs, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Tubic B, Marković-Peković V, Jungić S, Allocati E, Godman B. Availability and accessibility of monoclonal antibodies in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Findings and implications. MEDICINE ACCESS @ POINT OF CARE 2021; 5:23992026211027692. [PMID: 36204505 PMCID: PMC9413607 DOI: 10.1177/23992026211027692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent the most numerous and significant
group of biotherapeutics. While mAbs have undoubtedly improved treatment for
many chronic diseases, including inflammatory diseases, they are typically
expensive for health care systems and patients. Consequently, access to mAbs
has been a problem for many patients especially among Central and Eastern
European (CEE) countries. However, biosimilars can potentially help with
costs, although there are concerns with their effectiveness and safety. This
includes biosimilars for long-acting insulin analogues. Aim: Assess the availability and use of biological medicines, including
biosimilars within Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Methods: Assess the availability of mAbs via the current lists of approved and
accessed mAbs versus those licenced in Europe and the United States and
their utilisation, as well as specifically insulin glargine and its
biosimilars, within B&H. Results: The availability of the mAbs in B&H appears satisfactory, which is
encouraging. However, current usage is limited to a few mAbs which is a
concern for subsequent patient care especially with limited use of
biosimilars to address issues of affordability. We also see limited use of
biosimilar insulin glargine. Conclusion The limited use of mAbs including biosimilars needs to be addressed in
B&H to improve the future care of patients within finite resources. We
will monitor these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Tubic
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vanda Marković-Peković
- Department of Social Pharmacy, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Saša Jungić
- University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- University Clinical Centre of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Eleonora Allocati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’ IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Santos-Neto JF, Oliveira FO, Hodel KVS, Fonseca LMS, Badaró R, Machado BAS. Technological Advancements in Monoclonal Antibodies. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6663708. [PMID: 33628140 PMCID: PMC7892242 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are innovative solutions that have revolutionized the treatment of important chronic diseases and malignancies. The approval of biosimilar products has become a complex and balanced process, and there are versions of drugs with established biosimilarity that can offer a more accessible treatment option to patients. The objective of this work was to identify the advancement of these technologies by means of patent and article analysis based on technological and scientific prospection. In patent document recovery, Derwent Innovation Index (DWPI) and PatentInspiration databases were used. The research was based on the search of the selected terms in the title, summary, and claims of the documents through a search strategy containing IPC code and keywords. In articles recovery, the Web of Science tool was used in the search of scientific publications dated from the last 5 years. The search resulted in a total of 2295 individual patent documents and 467 families using DWPI database, 769 individual patents and 205 families using PatentInspiration, and 2602 articles using Web of Science database. Additionally, this work describes the number of organizations that contribute to this area, where they are, how much development they have undergone, and the inventors/authors involved. Based on the number of publications registered, there is an important prominence for scientific research in mAbs. In terms of innovation, it is expected that several therapeutic drugs are already under regulatory review, which will allow drugs to be approved over the next few years and will thus generate a continuous flow of new products based on immunotherapies, mAbs, and biosimilar drugs. These drugs have become essential weapons for the treatment of significant diseases, and the increasing trend in the number of related scientific and technological publications contributes to making these therapies available to the greatest number of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F. Santos-Neto
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabricia O. Oliveira
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Katharine V. S. Hodel
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Larissa M. S. Fonseca
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Badaró
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna A. S. Machado
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Hoang Anh N, Min JE, Kim SJ, Phuoc Long N. Biotherapeutic Products, Cellular Factories, and Multiomics Integration in Metabolic Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24:621-633. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mohan V, Yadav KS. Potentiality of Q3 characterization of nanosystem: Surrogate data for obtaining a biowaiver. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:27-37. [PMID: 32770572 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A tremendous increase in the entry of drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology has been observed as a result of the ability of pharmaceutical nanotechnology to overcome the various drawbacks related to the first generation DDS. The patent period of these proprietary branded drugs gives its manufacturers sole exclusivity of their product in the market. As the patent period of these products expire, the generic players will initiate their attempts to manufacture and bring generic versions of the reference listed drug product (RLD) into the market. The regulatory approval for a generic DDS based on nanotechnology requires proving the therapeutic equivalence of the generic product with that of the RLD via pharmacodynamics clinical endpoint study on healthy subjects or patients. These studies are extremely complex, expensive and time-consuming and may have uncertain outcomes. Furthermore, development, scale-up and manufacturing of generic versions of nanotechnology-based DDS involves complex steps and achieving an optimized formulation heavily depends on the process parameters during manufacturing. The information in this review addresses the said issues above and emphasizes on the possibility of using exhaustive in vitro characterization of the generic versions of nanotechnology-based DDSs in the current market to obtain a biowaiver. Various processes involved and their importance in obtaining an optimized formulation have been described to address the issue regarding manufacturing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Mohan
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
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Mkinsi O, Lefkir-Tafiani S, Srairi HS, Kochbati S, El Dershaby YM, El Azhari MM, Midjek SAI, Ladjouze-Rezig A. Regulatory Perspectives on Biopharmaceuticals for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in North Africa: A Narrative Review. Open Rheumatol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874312901913010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of innovative biopharmaceuticals has dramatically changed the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, but access to these very effective agents may be limited by economic constraints in some regions. The development of biosimilar products at a lower cost may allow wider access to treatment, but rigorous scientific evaluation is required to ensure similar quality, efficacy, and safety. The World Health Organization, European Medicines Agency, and United States Food and Drug Administration have created stringent guidelines for biosimilar regulatory approval, stipulating that high similarity be demonstrated in comprehensive comparability studies. Although these regulatory standards have been adapted in many countries, the legal/regulatory frameworks required for biosimilar authorization remain in development elsewhere, including North Africa. In some countries, “intended copies” are available despite inadequate evidence of comparability to the reference product and failure to satisfy biosimilar regulatory requirements. In North Africa, as the regulatory pathway for biosimilars is established, regulators will address several important challenges, including criteria for comparability, switching/substitution, post-marketing monitoring/risk management, and product naming conventions. Caution is advised to ensure that lower cost and broader access are not achieved at the expense of patient safety, and educational initiatives should be undertaken for clinicians/patients. In this review, we define the various types of biopharmaceuticals currently available for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease, provide an overview of regulatory requirements for biosimilar approval and an update on the availability of these agents globally and in North Africa, and discuss crucial concerns related to their use from the viewpoint of North African rheumatologists.
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2018 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: focus on flow cytometry, gene therapy, cut points and key clarifications on BAV (Part 3 - LBA/cell-based assays: immunogenicity, biomarkers and PK assays). Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1973-2001. [PMID: 30488726 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2018 12th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis took place in Philadelphia, PA, USA on April 9-13, 2018 with an attendance of over 900 representatives from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations and regulatory agencies worldwide. WRIB was once again a 5-day full immersion in bioanalysis, biomarkers and immunogenicity. As usual, it was specifically designed to facilitate sharing, reviewing, discussing and agreeing on approaches to address the most current issues of interest including both small- and large-molecule bioanalysis involving LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS and LBA/cell-based assays approaches. This 2018 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2018 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations for large molecule bioanalysis, biomarkers and immunogenicity using LBA and cell-based assays. Part 1 (LCMS for small molecules, peptides, oligonucleotides and small molecule biomarkers) and Part 2 (hybrid LBA/LCMS for biotherapeutics and regulatory agencies' inputs) are published in volume 10 of Bioanalysis, issues 22 and 23 (2018), respectively.
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de Assis MR, Pinto V. Strengths and weaknesses of the Brazilian regulation on biosimilars: A critical view of the regulatory requirements for biosimilars in Brazil. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2018; 10:253-259. [PMID: 30515251 PMCID: PMC6262503 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x18809683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological products or biopharmaceuticals are medicinal products derived from living systems and manufactured by modern biotechnological methods that differ widely from the traditional synthetic drugs. Monoclonal antibodies are the most rapidly growing type of biologic. They are much larger and more complex molecules with inherent diversity; therefore, different manufacturers cannot produce identical biological products, even with the same type of host expression system and equivalent technologies. Thus, legal follow-on biologics manufactured and marketed after patent expiration are usually referred to as biosimilars. Biosimilarity is based on a comparability exercise whereby unavoidable clinical differences are evaluated and must meet equivalence or non-inferiority criteria. Biosimilars need to comply with different regulatory requirements for market authorization in different sites. There are several other related issues that need to be defined by the national authorities, such as interchangeability, labeling and prescribing information. The Brazilian health surveillance agency follows the key principles established by the World Health Organization for the assessment of biosimilarity, although does not adopt the name ‘biosimilar’. However, the agency also made a compromise on a standalone application pathway that does not require the usual comparability exercise with the reference product, originating nonbiosimilar copies. Interchangeability and the use of nonproprietary names are not regulated, giving rise to pressures on physicians and conflicts of interest in the decision making on biosimilar use. The scope of this article is to present the Brazilian regulation on biosimilars, its strengths and weaknesses, and to discuss it in the face of regulations in the USA and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Renato de Assis
- Famema - Marília Medical School, R. Monte Carmelo, 800 - Fragata, Marília SP 17519-030, Brazil
| | - Valdair Pinto
- Okrafields Medicina Farmacêutica Ltda., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Schreitmüller T, Barton B, Zharkov A, Bakalos G. Comparative immunogenicity assessment of biosimilars. Future Oncol 2018; 15:319-329. [PMID: 30278780 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first anticancer biosimilars have entered clinical use, with many others under clinical development. Like all biologics, biosimilars may elicit unwanted immune responses that can significantly impact clinical efficacy and safety. Head-to-head immunogenicity assessment of biosimilars and their reference biologics should, therefore, be a critical component of a biosimilar's clinical development program. Various bioanalytical platforms may be used to detect and characterize immune responses, each having relative strengths and weaknesses. To fully recognize the clinical relevance of such data, regulators must be able to interpret immunogenicity results in an assay-specific context as well as in perspective of clinical pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Herein, we discuss current challenges imposed by global regulatory requirements for immunogenicity assessment of biosimilars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schreitmüller
- Roche Pharma Technical Operations, Regulatory Policy, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Barton
- Global Product Development Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Artem Zharkov
- Global Product Development Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Bakalos
- Global Product Development Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Larisa, Greece
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Kang HN, Knezevic I. Regulatory evaluation of biosimilars throughout their product life-cycle. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 96:281-285. [PMID: 29695884 PMCID: PMC5872015 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.206284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Assembly in 2014 adopted a resolution that recognized the importance of increasing access to biotherapeutic products, of improving their affordability and of ensuring their quality, safety and efficacy. Biosimilars are biotherapeutic products similar to already licensed reference products and are usually developed after patents on the original products have expired. Their introduction into the market is likely to reduce the costs of medicines substantially, thereby improving the availability of treatment for patients. However, there are barriers to market access for biosimilars. This article discusses the factors that give rise to these barriers and explains the importance of regulatory oversight throughout the product life-cycle of biosimilars. The paper also describes the role regulators can play in increasing confidence in biosimilars use by: (i) establishing regulatory oversight of biosimilars throughout their life-cycle, from development to post-licensing oversight, and ensuring that only high-quality, safe and efficacious biosimilars are available on the market; (ii) ensuring regulatory authorities have adequate capacity to assess and monitor the quality, safety and efficacy of biosimilars throughout their life-cycle; and (iii) monitoring the use of biosimilars in public health systems in collaboration with other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Na Kang
- Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Knezevic
- Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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