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Li Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li X, Zhang J, Zaid W, Yao S, Xu J. Human Tooth Crack Image Analysis with Multiple Deep Learning Approaches. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03615-9. [PMID: 39242442 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Tooth cracks, one of the most common dental diseases, can result in the tooth falling apart without prompt treatment; dentists also have difficulty locating cracks, even with X-ray imaging. Indocyanine green (ICG) assisted near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dental imaging technique can solve this problem due to the deep penetration of NIR light and the excellent fluorescence characteristics of ICG. This study extracted 593 human cracked tooth images and 601 non-cracked tooth images from NIR imaging videos. Multiple imaging analysis methods such as classification, object detection, and super-resolution were applied to the dataset for cracked image analysis. Our results showed that machine learning methods could help analyze tooth crack efficiently: the tooth images with cracks and without cracks could be well classified with the pre-trained residual network and squeezenet1_1 models, with a classification accuracy of 88.2% and 94.25%, respectively; the single shot multi-box detector (SSD) was able to recognize cracks, even if the input image was at a different size from the original cracked image; the super-resolution (SR) model, SR-generative adversarial network demonstrated enhanced resolution of crack images using high-resolution concrete crack images as the training dataset. Overall, deep learning model-assisted human crack analysis improves crack identification; the combination of our NIR dental imaging system and deep learning models has the potential to assist dentists in crack diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Zhongqiang Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Section of Visual Computing and Creative Technology, School of Performance, Visualization, & Fine Art, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Waleed Zaid
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Li Z, Li Z, Yang Y, Yao S, Liu C, Xu J. Original and liposome-modified indocyanine green-assisted fluorescence study with animal models. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:140. [PMID: 37328689 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medical diagnosis heavily relies on the use of bio-imaging techniques. One such technique is the use of ICG-based biological sensors for fluorescence imaging. In this study, we aimed to improve the fluorescence signals of ICG-based biological sensors by incorporating liposome-modified ICG. The results from dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed that MLM-ICG was successfully fabricated with a liposome diameter of 100-300 nm. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that MLM-ICG had the best properties among the three samples (Blank ICG, LM-ICG, and MLM-ICG), as samples immersed in MLM-ICG solution achieved the highest fluorescence intensity. The NIR camera imaging also showed a similar result. For the rat model, the best period for fluorescence tests was between 10 min and 4 h, where most organs reached their maximum fluorescence intensity except for the liver, which continued to rise. After 24 h, ICG was excreted from the rat's body. The study also analyzed the spectra properties of different rat organs, including peak intensity, peak wavelength, and FWHM. In conclusion, the use of liposome-modified ICG provides a safe and optimized optical agent, which is more stable and efficient than non-modified ICG. Incorporating liposome-modified ICG in fluorescence spectroscopy could be an effective way to develop novel biosensors for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, LA70803, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - Zhongqiang Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, LA70803, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - Yuting Yang
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, MA02115, Boston, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, LA70803, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - Chaozheng Liu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, LA70803, Baton Rouge, USA.
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Li Z, Ramos A, Li Z, Osborn ML, Zaid W, Li X, Li Y, Xu J. Nearly-lossless-to-lossy medical image compression by the optimized JPEGXT and JPEG algorithms through the anatomical regions of interest. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Yu M, Li J, Liu S, Xie Z, Liu J, Liu Y. Diagnosis of cracked tooth: Clinical status and research progress. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:357-364. [PMID: 36425316 PMCID: PMC9678967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cracked tooth is a common dental hard tissue disease.The involvement of cracks directly affects the selection of treatment and restoration of the affected teeth.It is helpful to choose more appropriate treatment options and evaluate the prognosis of the affected tooth accurately to determine the actual involvement of the crack.However, it is often difficult to accurately and quantitatively assess the scope of cracks at present.So it is necessary to find a real method of early quantitative and non-destructive crack detection.This article reviews the current clinical detection methods and research progress of cracked tooth in order to provide a reference for finding a clinical detection method for cracked tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zunxuan Xie
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Machine-learning-assisted spontaneous Raman spectroscopy classification and feature extraction for the diagnosis of human laryngeal cancer. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li Z, Li Z, Zaid W, Osborn ML, Li Y, Yao S, Xu J. Mouthwash as a non-invasive method of indocyanine green delivery for near-infrared fluorescence dental imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-210326SSRR. [PMID: 35689334 PMCID: PMC9186466 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.6.066001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE X-ray imaging serves as the mainstream imaging in dentistry, but it involves risk of ionizing radiation. AIM This study presents the feasibility of indocyanine green-assisted near-infrared fluorescence (ICG-NIRF) dental imaging with 785-nm NIR laser in the first (ICG-NIRF-I: 700 to 1000 nm) and second (ICG-NIRF-II: 1000 to 1700 nm) NIR wavelengths. APPROACH Sprague Dawley rats with different postnatal days were used as animal models. ICG, as a fluorescence agent, was delivered to dental structures by subcutaneous injection (SC) and oral administration (OA). RESULTS For SC method, erupted and unerupted molars could be observed from ICG-NIRF images at a short imaging time (<1 min). ICG-NIRF-II could achieve a better image contrast in unerupted molars at 24 h after ICG injection. The OA could serve as a non-invasive method for ICG delivery; it could also cause the glow-in-dark effect in unerupted molars. For erupted molars, OA can be considered as mouthwash and exhibits outstanding performance for delivery of ICG dye; erupted molar structures could be observed at a short imaging time (<1 min) and low ICG dose (0.05 mg / kg). CONCLUSIONS Overall, ICG-NIRF with mouthwash could perform in-vivo dental imaging in two NIR wavelengths at a short time and low ICG dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Li
- Louisiana State University, College of Engineering, Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Louisiana State University, College of Engineering, Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Waleed Zaid
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Michelle L. Osborn
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Yanping Li
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Environment and Sustainability, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Environment and Sustainability, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Li Z, Li Z, Ramos A, Boudreaux JP, Thiagarajan R, Mattison YB, Dunham ME, McWhorter AJ, Chen Q, Zhang J, Feng J, Li Y, Yao S, Xu J. Detection of pancreatic cancer by indocyanine green-assisted fluorescence imaging in the first and second near-infrared windows. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1431-1434. [PMID: 34787963 PMCID: PMC8696222 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Alexandra Ramos
- Department of Comparative Biomedical ScienceSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - J. Philip Boudreaux
- Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Ramcharan Thiagarajan
- Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Yvette Bren Mattison
- Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Michael E. Dunham
- Department of OtolaryngologySchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Andrew J McWhorter
- Department of OtolaryngologySchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Division of Computer Science & EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Computer Science & EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Ji‐Ming Feng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical ScienceSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKS7N 5C9Canada
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical ScienceSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
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Savage N. Optics shine a light on dental imaging. Nature 2021:10.1038/d41586-021-02925-5. [PMID: 34707274 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-02925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cosco ED, Lim I, Sletten EM. Photophysical Properties of Indocyanine Green in the Shortwave Infrared Region. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021; 5:727-734. [PMID: 34504949 PMCID: PMC8423351 DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the growing development of new contrast agents for optical imaging using near-infrared and shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths, it is essential to have consistent bench-marks for emitters in these regions. Indocyanine green (ICG), a ubiquitous and FDA-approved organic dye and optical imaging agent, is commonly employed as a standard for photophysical properties and biological performance for imaging experiments at these wavelengths. Yet, its reported photophysical properties across organic and aqueous solvents vary greatly in the literature, which hinders its ability to be used as a consistent benchmark. Herein, we measure photophysical properties in organic and aqueous solvents using InGaAs detection (~950-1,700 nm), providing particular relevance for SWIR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Cosco
- Dr. E. D. Cosco, I. Lim, Prof. E. M. Sletten Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
| | - Irene Lim
- Dr. E. D. Cosco, I. Lim, Prof. E. M. Sletten Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Dr. E. D. Cosco, I. Lim, Prof. E. M. Sletten Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
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Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Main Air Pollutants in Shijiazhuang City. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution has become one of the important concerns of environmental pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. As an important city in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Shijiazhuang has long been ranked in the bottom ten in terms of air quality in the country. In order to effectively grasp the influencing factors and current distribution of air pollution in Shijiazhuang City, this paper collects data on the top air pollutants in Shijiazhuang from 2017 to 2019, analyzes the characteristics of time changes in the region, and uses the Kriging interpolation method to affect the air pollutants in this area. The spatial distribution characteristics are studied. The results show (1) From 2017 to 2019, the environmental quality of Shijiazhuang City showed a decreasing trend except for O3. (2) Seasonal changes show that NO2, PM2.5, and CO show as winter > autumn > spring > summer, PM10, SO2 show as winter > spring > autumn > summer, and O3 concentration changes as summer > spring > autumn > winter. (3) The daily change trends of NO2, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 are similar, while the change trends of O3 and NO2 are opposite. (4) The correlations between air quality index (AQI) and concentrations suggest that PM10, PM2.5, and CO contribute the most to undesirable pollution levels in this area, while NO2, SO2, and O3 contribute less to undesirable pollution. We have concluded that the particulate pollution in Shijiazhuang City has been effectively controlled, thanks to the relevant measures introduced by the government, but the O3-based compound pollution is gradually increasing, so particulate pollution and O3 pollution need to be treated together. The research results of this article have important practical significance for urban or regional air environment monitoring and prevention.
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Li Z, Holamoge YV, Li Z, Zaid W, Osborn ML, Ramos A, Miller JT, Li Y, Yao S, Xu J. Detection and analysis of enamel cracks by ICG-NIR fluorescence dental imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1475:52-63. [PMID: 32519363 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cracked teeth are the third most common cause of tooth loss, but there is no reliable imaging tool for the diagnosis of cracks. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence (ICG-NIRF) dental imaging for the detection of enamel cracks and enamel-dentin cracks in vitro in the first (ICG-NIRF-I, 700-950 nm) and second (ICG-NIRF-II, 950-1700 nm) imaging windows with transmission excitation light, and compared ICG-NIRF with conventional NIR illumination-II (NIRi-II) and X-ray imaging. Dentin cracks were detected by CT scan, while most enamel cracks, undetectable under X-ray imaging, were clearly visible in NIR images. We found that ICG-NIRF-II detected cracks more effectively than NIRi-II, and that light orientation is an important factor for crack detection: an angled exposure obtained better image contrast of cracks than parallel exposure, as it created a shadow under the crack. Crack depth could be evaluated from the crack shadow in ICG-NIRF and NIRi-II images; from this shadow we could determine crack depth and discriminate enamel-dentin cracks from craze lines. Cracks could be observed clearly from ICG-NIRF images with 1-min ICG tooth immersion, although longer ICG immersion produced images with greater contrast. Overall, our data show that ICG-NIRF dental imaging is a useful tool for diagnosing cracked teeth at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Yoshita V Holamoge
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Waleed Zaid
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michelle L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Alexandra Ramos
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacob T Miller
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Li Z, Hartzler T, Ramos A, Osborn ML, Li Y, Yao S, Xu J. Optimal imaging windows of indocyanine green-assisted near-infrared dental imaging with rat model and its comparison to X-ray imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960232. [PMID: 32109349 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used rat animal model to compare the efficiency of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted dental near-infrared fluorescence imaging with X-ray imaging, and we optimized the imaging window for both unerupted and erupted molars. The results show that the morphology of the dental structures was observed clearly from ICG-assisted dental images (especially through the endoscope). A better image contrast was easily acquired at the short imaging windows (<10 minutes) for unerupted and erupted molars. For unerupted molars, there is another optimized imaging window (48-96 hours) with a prominent glow-in-the-dark effect: only the molars remain bright. This study also revealed that the laser ablation of dental follicles can disrupt the molar development, and our method is able to efficiently detect laser-treated molars and acquire the precise morphology. Thus, ICG-assisted dental imaging has the potential to be a safer and more efficient imaging modality for the real-time diagnosis of dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Thomas Hartzler
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Alexandra Ramos
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michelle L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Abdelaziz M, Krejci I, Fried D. Enhancing the detection of proximal cavities on near infrared transillumination images with Indocyanine Green (ICG) as a contrast medium: In vitro proof of concept studies. J Dent 2019; 91:103222. [PMID: 31682898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of near infrared transillumination for caries detection is gaining recognition in daily practice. Differentiation between cavitated and non cavitated proximal lesions is recognized as a threshold for restorative treatment. This investigation focused on the use of a near infrared absorbent dye which may enhance the detection of cavitation on near infrared transillumination images. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1: Natural teeth with artificial proximal cavitation were images with 3 different dyes to establish that near infrared absorbent dye can act like a contrast medium. 2: Natural teeth with natural cavitated lesions were used to investigate the contrast enhancing effect of indocyanine green (ICG) on near infrared transillumination images. 3: Artificial teeth with artificial cavitations were used to determine the best consistency of ICG as a contrast medium. 4: natural teeth with proximal lesions were used to confirm that ICG can differentiate between cavitated and non cavitated proximal lesions. RESULTS 1: ICG enhanced the contrast of cavitations compared to other dyes (ANOVA; p < 0.05). 2: ICG enhanced the contrast of the cavitated area on natural lesions but not significantly (t-test; p > 0.05). 3: ICG in a gel form enhanced the detection of cavitated lesions when compared to liquid ICG (t-test; p < 0.05). 4: ICG gel was able to differentiate between cavitated and non cavitated proximal lesions (ANOVA; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION ICG can potentially be used as a contrast medium to enhance the detection of cavitated proximal lesions in vitro on near infrared transillumination images. A clinical study is required to validate these results in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdelaziz
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine (CUMD), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Division Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, 707 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA.
| | - Ivo Krejci
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine (CUMD), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Fried
- Division Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, 707 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA.
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