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Madalena IR, Reis CLB, Matsumoto MAN, Stuani MBS, Mattos NHR, Oliveira DSBD, Oliveira MAHDM, Roskamp L, Küchler EC, Baratto-Filho F. Investigating the association between dental age and polymorphisms in genes encoding estrogen receptors. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230184. [PMID: 37792810 PMCID: PMC10547381 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms have been shown to influence several physiological traits, including dental and craniofacial characteristics. Understanding the clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in dental practice is crucial to personalize treatment plans and improve treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the association between dental age and genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) in a sample of Brazilian children. METHODOLOGY This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed with children undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients with syndromes, congenital anomalies, craniofacial deformities, under hormonal or systemic treatment, and with a previous history of facial trauma were excluded. Panoramic radiographs were used to assess dental age according to the Demirjian, Goldstein, and Tanner method. A delta [dental age-chronological age (DA-CA)] was obtained, which shows whether the patient tends to have a normal, delayed (negative values), or advanced (positive values) dental age. DNA isolated from buccal cells was used to genotype four genetic polymorphisms: rs9340799 (A>G) and rs2234693 (C>T), located in ESR1; and rs1256049 (C>T) and rs4986938 (C>T), located in ESR2. A statistical analysis was performed and values of p<0.05 indicated statistical difference. RESULTS A total of 79 patients were included, 44 (55.70%) girls and 35 (44.30%) boys. The Demirjian, Goldstein, and Tanner method, in general, overestimated patients' age by 0.75 years. There was no difference in the delta of dental age between the sexes (p>0.05). Genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with dental age (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The studied genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with dental age in Brazilian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ribeiro Madalena
- Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Departamento de Odontologia, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil
- Universidade de Uberaba - UNIUBE, Departamento de Biomateriais, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves - UNIPTAN, Faculdade de Odontologia, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Caio Luiz Bitencourt Reis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Liliane Roskamp
- Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná - UTP, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Universidade de Uberaba - UNIUBE, Departamento de Biomateriais, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná - UTP, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Departamento de Odontologia, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil
- Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná - UTP, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
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Reis CLB, de Fátima Pereira Madureira M, Cunha CLR, Junior WCR, Araújo TH, Esteves A, Stuani MBS, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Matsumoto MAN, Küchler EC, Silva Barroso de Oliveira D. Testosterone suppression impacts craniofacial growth structures during puberty : An animal study. J Orofac Orthop 2023; 84:287-297. [PMID: 35147736 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hormones play a crucial role in growth development; however, the impact of testosterone suppression (TS) on craniofacial growth during puberty remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TS during puberty on cephalometric measurements and histological characteristics of facial growth centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six heterogenic Wistar male rats were randomly allocated into experimental orchiectomy (ORX) and control (sham) groups. At an age of 23 days (prepubertal stage), orchiectomy and placebo surgery were performed. Cephalometric measurements were performed via lateral cephalograms during and after puberty. The animals were euthanized at an age of 45 days (pubertal stage) and 73 days (postpubertal stage). Histological slices of the growth centers (condyle, premaxilla, and median palatine suture) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and sirius red. Student's t or Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare linear and angular cephalometric measurements across groups (α error = 5%). RESULTS Linear and angular measurements were statistically different in ORX animals (cranial bones, maxilla, and mandible) at 45 days and 73 days. Condylar histology showed a decrease in prechondroblast differentiation and a delay of mineralization in ORX animals. Vascularization of the medium palatine suture was lower in the ORX group at 45 days. Type I and III collagen fiber synthesis was lower in the ORX groups. In the premaxillary suture, collagen fibers were better organized in the sham groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that testosterone suppression affects craniofacial growth during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Luiz Bitencourt Reis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Magali de Fátima Pereira Madureira
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Caio Luis Rocha Cunha
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Wagner Costa Rossi Junior
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tomaz Henrique Araújo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Esteves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Silva Barroso de Oliveira
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Alfenas, Brazil.
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Hassan GS, Helal MB, Ibrahim HF. Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor alpha in the maxillary sinus, pulp, and periodontal ligament of adjacent teeth in late pregnancy in rats. Odontology 2023; 111:608-617. [PMID: 36434465 PMCID: PMC10238294 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the histological changes in the maxillary sinus and its adjacent dental tissues as pulp and periodontal ligament during pregnancy and investigate the role of estrogen hormone in these changes through the detection of estrogen receptors in these tissues. Sixteen adult female rats were used and were allocated into two groups: control non-pregnant (n = 8) and pregnant (n = 8). They were sacrificed and their heads were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examination for estrogen receptor alpha. Our results revealed that pregnant rats revealed inflammatory changes in the sinus as thick epithelial lining, loss of cilia, swollen goblet cells, intraepithelial and interstitial edema. The lamina propria demonstrated considerable infiltration of inflammatory cells, glandular hyperplasia with vacuolar degeneration, and vascular congestion. Periodontal ligament and pulp revealed hyperemia and vascular congestion. Immunohistochemical examination of estrogen receptor alpha in the maxillary sinus and adjacent dental tissues (Periodontal ligament and pulp) in pregnant rats revealed a significant increase in its expression in all examined tissues. In conclusion, there was an increase in expression of ERα in the sinus mucosa and dental tissues during pregnancy together with slight inflammatory changes in these tissues. Hence, dentists should be aware of the effect of these changes on the pregnant women avoiding teeth extraction due to misdiagnosis of dental, periodontal or sinus pain after exclusion of true pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan S. Hassan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, El-Giesh St., Tanta, Gharbia Egypt
| | - Mai B. Helal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, El-Giesh St., Tanta, Gharbia Egypt
| | - H. F. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, El-Giesh St., Tanta, Gharbia Egypt
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Yue Q, Huang C, Song P, Wang S, Chen H, Wang D, Li F, Zhou R. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast differentiation in the estrogen-deficient pullets. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102453. [PMID: 36621102 PMCID: PMC9841284 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous reports have suggested that estrogen (E2) is a vital signal responsible for the regulation of skeletal homeostasis and bone remodeling in mammals. E2 could efficiently accelerate the growth of medullary bone in pullets during sexual maturity. Furthermore, the low E2 level can strengthen the mechanical bone functions in female hens. However, mechanistic studies to describe the effects of E2 on bone in pullets during the initiation of the puberty period are remaining elusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of inhibiting E2 biosynthesis on the biomechanical properties and its molecular mechanism during sexual maturity of pullets. In this study, a total of 90 Hy-line Sonia pullets with comparable body weight at 13 wk of age were selected and categorized into 2 separate groups. Daily, 0.5 mg/4 mL of letrozole (LZ) was orally administered to the treatment (TRT) group and 4 mL of saline to the control (CON) group of pullets for 6 wk. Compared with the CON group, a lower plasma E2 level was observed in the TRT group. Furthermore, plasma P, Gla protein (BGP), and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) levels were markedly suppressed, whereas the plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels were significantly elevated. Moreover, the cortical bone thickness and breaking strength of the tibia and femur, the bone mineral density of the humerus, and the bone mineral content of the humerus as well as the femur were increased significantly. The expression levels of 340 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) differed significantly between the CON and TRT group in the tibia at 19 wk of age. Among them, 32 genes were up-regulated, whereas 308 were down-regulated in the TRT group. The variations in candidate genes associated with osteoclast differentiation and cell adhesion may indicate that LZ inhibits E2 biosynthesis, consequently, reduces osteoclast differentiation by suppressing inter-cellular communication and cells attaching to extracellular matrix components. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that inhibiting E2 synthesis during sexual maturity of pullets decreased osteoclast differentiation and considerably enhanced bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China,Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Pengyan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China,Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 25000, China
| | - Rongyan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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Longitudinal effects of estrogen on mandibular growth and changes in cartilage during the growth period in rats. Dev Biol 2022; 492:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bergamo AZN, Madalena IR, Omori MA, Ramazzotto LA, Nelson-Filho P, Baratto-Filho F, Proff P, Kirschneck C, Küchler EC. Estrogen deficiency during puberty affects the expression of microRNA30a and microRNA503 in the mandibular condyle. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151865. [PMID: 34813926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was investigated if estrogen deficiency during puberty affects the expression of miRNA30a and miRNA503 in maxillary and mandibular growth centers, and also evaluated if ERα and ERβ are correlated with miRNA30a and miRNA503 expressions. METHODS Samples from 12 female Wistar rats randomized into experimental group (OVX) and control group (SHAM). At an age of 45 days animals were euthanized for miRNA expression analyses. RT-qPCR was performed to determine miRNA30a and miRNA503 expression in growth sites: midpalatal suture, condyle, mandibular angle, symphysis/parasymphysis and coronoid process. The data was carried out using the parametric tests at 5% of significance level. RESULTS miRNA 30a and miRNA503 presented higher levels in the condylar site in SHAM group when compared with OVX (p = 0.002 and p = 0.020, respectively). In the growth centers, a statistical significant difference was observed only for miRNA30a (p = 0.004), when compared mandibular angle with condyle the in OVX group (p = 0.001). A strong positive correlation between miRNA503 and ERα in the condyle of OVX group was observed (r = 0.90; p = 0.039 and it also between miRNA503 and ERβ in the coronoid process of the OVX group (r = 0.88; p = 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggested that estrogen regulates specific miRNAs in maxillary and mandibular growth centers, which may participate in posttranscriptional regulation of estrogen-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ribeiro Madalena
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, University of the Region of Joinville, Joinville, SC, Brazil; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alexandre Ramazzotto
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduation, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- Department of Dentistry, University of the Region of Joinville, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Germany
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Küchler EC, de Lara RM, Omori MA, Marañón-Vásquez G, Baratto-Filho F, Nelson-Filho P, Stuani MBS, Blanck-Lubarsch M, Schroeder A, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Effects of estrogen deficiency during puberty on maxillary and mandibular growth and associated gene expression - an μCT study on rats. Head Face Med 2021; 17:14. [PMID: 33888144 PMCID: PMC8061017 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen is a well-known and important hormone involved in skeletal homeostasis, which regulates genes involved in bone biology. Some studies support that estrogen is important for craniofacial growth and development. Therefore this in vivo animal study aimed to investigate, whether and in which way low estrogen levels in the prepubertal period affect craniofacial development in the postpubertal stage and to quantify the gene expression of RANK, RANKL and OPG in cranial growth sites in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats during puberty. METHODS Control (sham-operated, n = 18) and ovariectomy (OVX, n = 18) surgeries were performed on 21-days-old female Wistar rats. Animals euthanized at an age of 45 days (pubertal stage) were used for gene expression analyses (n = 6 per group) and immunohistochemistry of RANK, RANKL and OPG. Animals euthanized at 63 days of age (post-pubertal stage) were used for craniofacial two-dimensional and three-dimensional craniofacial measurements using μCT imaging (n = 12 per group). RESULTS In the μCT analysis of the mandible and maxilla many statistically significant differences between sham-operated and OVX groups were observed, such as increased maxillary and mandibular bone length in OVX animals (p < 0.05). Condylar volume was also significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). The sham-operated group showed a higher level of RANK expression in the midpalatal suture (p = 0.036) and the RANKL:OPG ratio levels were higher in the OVX group (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that estrogen deficiency during the prepubertal period is associated with alterations in the maxillary and mandibular bone length and condylar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | | | - Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Guido Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Dentistry, Univille University, R. Paulo Malschitzki, Joinville, SC, 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Moritz Blanck-Lubarsch
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building W30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Agnes Schroeder
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Küchler EC, de Lara RM, Omori MA, Schröder A, Teodoro VB, Baratto-Filho F, Léon JE, Proff P, Madalena IR, Kirschneck C. Estrogen deficiency affects tooth formation and gene expression in the odontogenic region of female rats. Ann Anat 2021; 236:151702. [PMID: 33607226 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that estrogen regulates the expression of several genes in different cells, including dental cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of estrogen deficiency during tooth development regarding tooth structure morphology and its impact on the expression of odontogenesis-related genes. METHODS A total of 40 female Wistar rats was divided into OVX (estrogen deficiency) and Sham (control) groups. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in the OVX group, while Sham surgery was performed in the control group at the age of 21 days. At an age of 56 days, 16 rats were euthanized for gene expression analyses of Bmp4, Smad6, Tgfb1 and Runx2. At the age of 63 days, the remaining rats were euthanized for histological and morphometric analyses of teeth. The mandibles of the rats were submitted to μCT analysis. Tooth structures (enamel, dentin and dental pulp) were analyzed. T test was used to compare the mean differences between groups (p<0.05). RESULTS In the μCT analysis, enamel and dentin thickness were significantly increased in the control group (p<0.0001). Pulp dimensions were significantly larger in the OVX group (p<0.0001). A reduction of tooth structures in the OVX group was confirmed in HE staining. Smad6 was differentially expressed in the OVX group (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Estrogen deficiency affects gene expression in the odontogenic region and tooth structure morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Dentistry, Univille University, R. Paulo Malschitzki, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche Léon
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Isabela Ribeiro Madalena
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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The role of postnatal estrogen deficiency on cranium dimensions. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3249-3255. [PMID: 33099705 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was investigate the cranium dimensions of adult female rats, who suffered estrogen deficiency during the prepubertal stage, to assess the impact of estrogen deficiency on craniofacial morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two female Wistar rats were divided into ovariectomy (OVX) (n = 11) and sham-operated control (n = 11) groups. Bilateral ovariectomy were performed in both groups at 21 days old (prepubertal stage), and rats were euthanized at an age of 63 days (post-pubertal stage). Micro-CT scans were performed with rat skulls, and the cranium morphometric landmark measurements were taken in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral view positions. Differences in measurements between the OVX and sham control groups were assessed using t test with an established alpha error of 5%. RESULTS The measures of the rats' skull showed that the inter-zygomatic arch width and anterior cranial base length were significantly larger in OVX group (p = 0.020 and p = 0.050, respectively), whereas the length of parietal bone was significantly higher in the sham group (p = 0.026). For the remaining measurements no significant differences between groups were detected (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that ovariectomized rats had alterations in cranial bone dimensions, demonstrating that estrogens during puberty are important for skull morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To understand the role of estrogen on the postnatal cranium development will impact the clinical diagnose and therapy during childhood and adolescence.
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