1
|
Cui H, Liang X, Zhu Y, Elayah SA, Qi H, Xie L, Guo Z, Siya F, Ming Y, Yuxin G, Tu J, Na S. Mena as a key enhancer factor of EMT to promote metastasis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2084-2096. [PMID: 37203597 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mammalian-enabled (Mena) on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) metastasis and its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunochemistry was performed to investigate the Mena and tumor-related markers expression, and its clinicopathological characteristics in 46 TSCC specimens. TSCC cell SCC9 and Cal27 untransfected or stable transfected with Mena overexpression and small interfering RNA were used to determine the role of Mena in cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and metastasis, and EMT-related markers in vitro, and the effect of Mena on TSCC growth and metastasis through tumor-bearing and tumor metastasis immunodeficient mice models in vivo. RESULTS Immunochemistry showed that the expression of Mena was significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and MMP2. Mena did not affect cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. However, it promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro, and TSCC metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Mena expression is associated with lymphatic metastasis and tumor stage and promotes TSCC invasion and metastasis by inducing the EMT process. Thus, Mena may be a biomarker for prognosis and targeted therapy in TSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sadam Ahmed Elayah
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Siya
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Ming
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gong Yuxin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junbo Tu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Na
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Na S, Cui H, Guo Z, Liang X, Sakran KA, Guo X, Li X, Xie L, Zhu Y, Qi H, Tu J. Overexpression of Mena is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma via EMT. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052375. [PMID: 36620546 PMCID: PMC9822539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mena, a cytoskeletal regulatory protein, is involved in actin-based regulation of cell motility and adhesion, and contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the role of Mena in oral squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. This is the first research focusing on the prognostic value of Mena in OSCC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between Mena expression and clinicopathological significance, as well as prognostic value in OSCC. Methods Mena gene expression profiles of OSCC and normal tissues were collected from Oncomine, TCGA, and GEO databases. Biological function was analyzed through GO, KEGG and GSEA enrichment. Further, the expression level of Mena and tumor-related markers in 151 OSCC specimens was examined by IHC staining based on tissue microarray. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the prognostic performance of Mena in OSCC. Result Mena was generally upregulation in various malignancies, especially OSCC. The functional analyses indicated that Mena was involved in the assembly and regulation of actin, cell movement, and EMT. IHC staining revealed that high expression of Mena in OSCC was correlated with Lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and MMP-2, but insignificantly Ki67. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of Mena was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival of OSCC patients. Conclusion Mena could be a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of OSCC patients, which supports a theoretical basis for developing molecular target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Na
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Karim Ahmed Sakran
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Hong Qi, ; Junbo Tu,
| | - Junbo Tu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Hong Qi, ; Junbo Tu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao T, Li Z, Yue H, Piao Z. Analysis of the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:230-239. [PMID: 35725960 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate the role of lncRNAs in TSCC. STUDY DESIGN In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to examine the expression profiles of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of patients with TSCC. The expression of selected lncRNAs in TSCC and paired adjacent tissues as well as in cell lines was validated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cell function of lncRNA iodothyronine deiodinase 2 antisense RNA 1 (DIO2-AS1) overexpression was assessed through 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4.5-dimethyl-thiazoly)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium inner salt and Transwell assays. RESULTS A total of 342 lncRNAs and 6392 mRNAs were differentially expressed in TSCC tissues compared with paired adjacent tissues. qRT-PCR revealed the increased expression of AC093818.1 and reduced expression of CYP4F35P and DIO2-AS1 in TSCC. Furthermore, DIO2-AS1 overexpression inhibited Cal-27 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that DIO2-AS1 is involved in TSCC progression. This study provides a direction for subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiqiong Yue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengguo Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Role of Glucose Transporters in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081070. [PMID: 34439735 PMCID: PMC8392467 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. The Warburg effect can be observed in OSCCs, with tumours requiring a robust glucose supply. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) are overexpressed in multiple malignancies, and are correlated with treatment resistance, clinical factors, and poor overall survival (OS). We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the differences in GLUT/SGLT expression between OSCC and normal oral keratinocytes (NOK), as well as their role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of OSCC. A total of 85 studies were included after screening 781 papers. GLUT-1 is regularly expressed in OSCC and was found to be overexpressed in comparison to NOK, with high expression correlated to tumour stage, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. No clear association was found between GLUT-1 and tumour grade, metastasis, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. GLUT-3 was less thoroughly studied but could be detected in most samples and is generally overexpressed compared to NOK. GLUT-3 negatively correlated with overall survival (OS), but there was insufficient data for correlations with other clinical factors. Expression of GLUT-2/GLUT-4/GLUT-8/GLUT-13/SGLT-1/SGLT-2 was only evaluated in a small number of studies with no significant differences detected. GLUTs 7 and 14 have never been evaluated in OSCC. In conclusion, the data demonstrates that GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 have a role in the pathophysiology of OSCC and represent valuable biomarkers to aid OSCC diagnosis and prognostication. Other GLUTs are comparatively understudied and should be further analysed because they may hold promise to improve patient care.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xue D, Zhou X, Qiu J. Cytotoxicity mechanisms of plumbagin in drug-resistant tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:98-109. [PMID: 33791802 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of plumbagin (PLB) against drug-resistant tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and whether its antitumour effect is not affected by tumour drug resistance. METHODS TSCC sensitive CAL27 cells and drug-resistant CAL27/RE cells were used to study the cytotoxicity and mechanism of PLB in vitro, including CCK-8 analysis, colony formation, DAPI staining, flow cytometry assay, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting assay, autophagy, apoptosis and ROS fluorescent probes. BALB/c nude mice xenograft models were used to study the growth inhibitory effect of PLB in vivo. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the cell viability and proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction abilities of PLB on drug-resistant cells were more obvious than that on sensitive cells. And PLB induced protective autophagy in TSCC cells. Mechanistically, PLB induced apoptosis and autophagy by generating reactive oxygen species to mediate JNK and AKT/mTOR pathways. Finally, the growth inhibitory effect of PLB against drug-resistant TSCC was also confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PLB will be a promising anticancer agent to overcome drug-resistant TSCC without being affected by its drug resistance properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiongming Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Guo Q, Yang B, Zhang W, Kang W. Anticancer Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Plumbagin: Review of Research Advances. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6940953. [PMID: 33344645 PMCID: PMC7725562 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6940953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB), a natural naphthoquinone constituent isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L., exhibited anticancer activity against a variety of cancer cell lines including breast cancer, hepatoma, leukemia, melanoma, prostate cancer, brain tumor, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, kidney adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric cancer, lymphocyte carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and canine cancer. PLB played anticancer activity via many molecular mechanisms, such as targeting apoptosis, autophagy pathway, cell cycle arrest, antiangiogenesis pathway, anti-invasion, and antimetastasis pathway. Among these signaling pathways, the key regulatory genes regulated by PLB were NF-kβ, STAT3, and AKT. PLB also acted as a potent inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressor of cellular glutathione, and novel proteasome inhibitor, causing DNA double-strand break by oxidative DNA base damage. This review comprehensively summarizes the anticancer activity and mechanism of PLB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yin
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xin Y, Li S, Jiang Q, Hu F, He Y, Zhang J. Establishment of a Jaw Fibrosarcoma Patient-Derived Xenograft and Evaluation of the Tumor Suppression Efficacy of Plumbagin Against Jaw Fibrosarcoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1479. [PMID: 32974176 PMCID: PMC7481444 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck fibrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor, accounting for about 1% of all head and neck tumors. It can also occur in the jaw bone, for which surgical resection is the main treatment but the recurrence rate is high and the prognosis is usually poor. Due to the lack of models mimicking the biological characteristics of the tumor, there is little progress in the research of the pathogenesis and treatment of fibrosarcoma. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a high-fidelity model that can reflect the biological characteristics of fibrosarcoma for the sake of improving the therapeutic outcome and prognosis, and preventing recurrence. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) may more accurately reflect the human disease, and is an attractive platform to study disease biology and develop treatments and biomarkers. In this study we describe the establishment of jaw fibrosarcoma PDX models and compare PDX tumors to those of human origin. Methods: Tumor biopsies from a patient with jaw fibrosarcoma were implanted in immunodeficient mice. Primary and PDX tumors were characterized extensively by histology, immunohistochemistry and humanized identification. Based on the finding of our previous preliminary research that plumbagin had an anti-tumor effect against head and neck cancer, we used this model in the present study to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of plumbagin on jaw fibrosarcoma. Results: The established PDX model maintained the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the primary tumor. Plumbagin significantly inhibited the tumor growth in the jaw fibrosarcoma PDX model. Conclusion: We successfully established a PDX model of jaw fibrosarcoma and demonstrated that this PDX model preserved the important molecular characteristics of the human primary tumor, thus providing a powerful tool for treatment research and new drug development of jaw fibrosarcoma. In addition, plumbagin was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of PDX modeled jaw fibrosarcoma, which provides a preliminary research basis for its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Xin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiya Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingkun Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fangling Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanqiao He
- Laboratory Animal Science Center of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China.,Nanchang Royo Biotechnology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
ROS-Mediated Therapeutic Strategy in Chemo-/Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5047987. [PMID: 32774675 PMCID: PMC7396055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5047987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a highly genetic and metabolic heterogeneous collection of malignancies of the lip, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, paranasal sinuses, and larynx with five-year survival rates ranging from 12% to 93%. Patients with head and neck cancer typically present with advanced stage III, IVa, or IVb disease and are treated with comprehensive modality including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Despite advancements in treatment modality and technique, noisome recurrence, invasiveness, and resistance as well as posttreatment complications severely influence survival rate and quality of life. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed that offer enhanced efficacy with less toxicity. ROS in cancer cells plays a vital role in regulating cell death, DNA repair, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor microenvironment, all of which have been implicated in resistance to chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Adjusting ROS generation and elimination to reverse the resistance of cancer cells without impairing normal cells show great hope in improving the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. In the current review, we discuss the pivotal and targetable redox-regulating system including superoxide dismutases (SODs), tripeptide glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trxs), peroxiredoxins (PRXs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/keap1), and mitochondria electron transporter chain (ETC) complexes and their roles in regulating ROS levels and their clinical significance implicated in chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. We also summarize several old drugs (referred to as the non-anti-cancer drugs used in other diseases for a long time) and small molecular compounds as well as natural herbs which effectively modulate cellular ROS of head and neck cancer to synergize the efficacy of conventional chemo-/radiotherapy. Emerging interdisciplinary techniques including photodynamic, nanoparticle system, and Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy are promising measures to broaden the potency of ROS modulation for the benefit of chemo-/radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Plumbagin Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Cisplatin by Increasing Intracellular ROS in Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5649174. [PMID: 32308804 PMCID: PMC7136784 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5649174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), but its clinical efficacy is limited by drug resistance and toxic side effects. Hence, a novel compound capable of enhancing the anticancer effect of cisplatin while reducing the side effects is urgently needed. We have previously shown that plumbagin (PLB), an anticancer phytochemical, is able to inhibit the growth of TSCC in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PLB in reversing the resistance of TSCC to cisplatin as well as its molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that PLB enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy in CAL27 and cisplatin-resistant CAL27/CDDP cells. PLB could inhibit the viability and growth of TSCC cells by increasing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the combination treatment of PLB and cisplatin resulted in a synergistic inhibition of TSCC viability, apoptosis, and autophagy by increasing intracellular ROS, which may be achieved by activating JNK and inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Finally, the synergistic treatment was also demonstrated in vivo. Therefore, PLB combined with cisplatin is a potential therapeutic strategy against therapy TSCC cisplatin resistance.
Collapse
|