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Huang Y, Li M, Liu Q, Song L, Wang Q, Ding P, Tian W, Guo S. Small extracellular vesicles derived from lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental follicle cells inhibit cell apoptosis and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 162:105964. [PMID: 38582010 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of small extracellular vesicles derived from lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental follicle cells (L-D-sEV) on periodontal ligament cells from periodontitis affected teeth (p-PDLCs) in vitro and experimental periodontitis in mice. DESIGN In vitro, the biological function of p-PDLCs and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated by flow cytometry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Eighteen-eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (Con), periodontitis (Peri), and L-D-sEV groups. Mice periodontitis model was induced by placing the 5-0 silk thread (around the maxillary second molar) and P.gingivalis (1 ×107 CFUs per mouse). In vivo, the alveolar bone loss, osteoclast activity, and macrophage polarization were measured by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. RESULTS In vitro, the RANKL/OPG ratio and phosphorylation of JNK and P38 protein levels of p-PDLCs were significantly decreased after L-D-sEV administration. Besides, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR analysis showed that L-D-sEV reduced apoptosis of p-PDLCs, down-regulated apoptosis-related genes Caspase-3 and BCL-2-Associated X expression, and up-regulated B-cell lymphoma-2 gene levels. In vivo, L-D-sEV administration significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, inhibited osteoclast activity, and induced M2 polarization. The histological analysis showed that iNOS/CD206, RANKL/OPG, p-JNK/JNK, and p-P38/P38 ratios were significantly lower in the L-D-sEV group than in the Peri group. CONCLUSIONS L-D-sEV administration alleviated alveolar bone loss by mediating RANKL/OPG-related osteoclast activity and M2 macrophage polarization, alleviating p-PDLCs apoptosis and proliferation via the JNK and P38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Huang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujia Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Song
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihui Ding
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Periodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Periodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Anvari Y, Afrashteh A, Pourkaveh S, Salek SB, Al-Numan L, Khademnezhad S. Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in periodontal regeneration. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:390-402. [PMID: 38380419 PMCID: PMC10876597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral ailment that harms both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium, leading to loosening and eventual removal of the teeth. Current clinical treatments have limitations in achieving complete periodontal tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered attention due to their unique characteristics and potential as a promising new therapy for periodontitis. Research suggests that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine primarily occurs through the paracrine pathway, involving the emission of particles encased by lipids called extracellular vesicles (EVs) abundant in bioactive compounds. These EVs play a vital function in controlling the activities of periodontal tissues and immune system cells, and by influencing the immediate surrounding, thus fostering the healing of periodontal damage and renewal of tissues. EVs obtained from MSCs (MSC-EVs), in the form of a cell-free treatment, offer advantages in terms of stability, reduced immune rejection, and ethical considerations, elevating their potential as a hopeful choice for broad clinical applications. This concise overview highlights the mechanisms of MSC-EVs and the possibilities they hold in clinical application for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaldasadat Anvari
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ahmad Afrashteh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Pourkaveh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira B. Salek
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lelaw Al-Numan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sahar Khademnezhad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Morsczeck C, De Pellegrin M, Reck A, Reichert TE. Evaluation of Current Studies to Elucidate Processes in Dental Follicle Cells Driving Osteogenic Differentiation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2787. [PMID: 37893160 PMCID: PMC10604663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When research on osteogenic differentiation in dental follicle cells (DFCs) began, projects focused on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The BMP pathway induces the transcription factor DLX3, whichh in turn induces the BMP signaling pathway via a positive feedback mechanism. However, this BMP2/DLX3 signaling pathway only seems to support the early phase of osteogenic differentiation, since simultaneous induction of BMP2 or DLX3 does not further promote differentiation. Recent data showed that inhibition of classical protein kinase C (PKCs) supports the mineralization of DFCs and that osteogenic differentiation is sensitive to changes in signaling pathways, such as protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT. Small changes in the lipidome seem to confirm the participation of AKT and PKC in osteogenic differentiation. In addition, metabolic processes, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, or glycolysis, are essential for the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. This review article attempts not only to bring the various factors into a coherent picture of osteogenic differentiation in DFCs, but also to relate them to recent developments in other types of osteogenic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (A.R.); (T.E.R.)
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Zhou Y, Xu T, Wang C, Han P, Ivanovski S. Clinical usage of dental stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:297-326. [PMID: 37678975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies remain at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because stem cells are a unique cell source with enormous potential to treat incurable diseases and even extend lifespans. The search for the best stem cell candidates continues to evolve and in recent years, dental stem cells have received significant attention due to their easy accessibility, high plasticity, and multipotential properties. Dental stem cells have been the subject of extensive research in both animal models and human clinical trials over the past two decades, and have demonstrated significant potential in ocular therapy, bone tissue engineering, and, of course, therapeutic applications in dentistry such as regenerative endodontics and periodontal tissue regeneration. These new sources of cells may be advantageous for cellular therapy and the advancement of regenerative medicine strategies, such as allogeneic transplantation or therapy with extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are functional nanoscale membrane vesicles produced by cells. This chapter discusses the accumulating research findings on cell-based regenerative therapy utilizing dental stem cells and their derived EVs, which could be a viable tool for the treatment of a variety of diseases and hence extremely valuable to mankind in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Zhou
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Tian Xu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cong Wang
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Huang X, Wang H, Wang C, Cao Z. The Applications and Potentials of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cell Sources in Periodontal Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065790. [PMID: 36982864 PMCID: PMC10058679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease worldwide that can cause damage to periodontal supporting tissues including gingiva, bone, cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL). The principle for the treatment of periodontitis is to control the inflammatory process. Achieving structural and functional regeneration of periodontal tissues is also essential and remains a major challenge. Though many technologies, products, and ingredients were applied in periodontal regeneration, most of the strategies have limited outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles with a lipid structure secreted by cells, containing a large number of biomolecules for the communication between cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stem cell-derived EVs (SCEVs) and immune cell-derived EVs (ICEVs) on periodontal regeneration, which may be an alternative strategy for cell-based periodontal regeneration. The production of EVs is highly conserved among humans, bacteria and plants. In addition to eukaryocyte-derived EVs (CEVs), a growing body of literature suggests that bacterial/plant-derived EVs (BEVs/PEVs) also play an important role in periodontal homeostasis and regeneration. The purpose of this review is to introduce and summarize the potential therapeutic values of BEVs, CEVs and PEVs in periodontal regeneration, and discuss the current challenges and prospects for EV-based periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Huiyi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Mechanisms and clinical application potential of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in periodontal regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 36782259 PMCID: PMC9925224 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a high prevalence oral disease which damages both the hard and soft tissue of the periodontium, resulting in tooth mobility and even loss. Existing clinical treatment methods cannot fully achieve periodontal tissue regeneration; thus, due to the unique characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), they have become the focus of attention and may be the most promising new therapy for periodontitis. Accumulating evidence supports the view that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine is mainly achieved by the paracrine pathway rather than direct proliferation and differentiation at the injured site. Various cells release lipid-enclosed particles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in bioactive substances. In periodontitis, EVs play a pivotal role in regulating the biological functions of both periodontal tissue cells and immune cells, as well as the local microenvironment, thereby promoting periodontal injury repair and tissue regeneration. As a cell-free therapy, MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have some preponderance on stability, immune rejection, ethical supervision, and other problems; therefore, they may have a broad clinical application prospect. Herein, we gave a brief introduction to MSC-EVs and focused on their mechanisms and clinical application in periodontal regeneration.
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