Diagnostic accuracy of severe periodontitis for Ramfjord teeth based on different classifications

Dietary Inflammatory Index is associated with periodontitis risk in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Recent studies suggest a link between periodontitis and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). We hypothesize that a more proinflammatory diet is associated with periodontitis risk in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to explore the association between DII scores and periodontitis risk in GDM women. In this cross-sectional study, 302 eligible GDM women from a Maternal and Child Health Hospital were enrolled between February and July 2023. DII scores were calculated based on dietary intake data collected using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal health was assessed through periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) for periodontitis risk across DII tertiles. Our study found that the prevalence of periodontitis across the DII tertiles 1, 2, and 3 was 34.7%, 56.4%, and 54.0%, respectively. Comparing the highest DII tertile (tertile 3) with the lowest (tertile 1), a significant association was found between higher DII scores and periodontitis risk (univariate OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.90; P = .006), which remained significant in the fully adjusted model (adjusted OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.37; P = .011). In conclusion, elevated DII scores are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis, underscoring the crucial role of a proinflammatory diet in periodontitis progression. Future well-designed experimental studies are needed to verify if tailored dietary strategies can effectively reduce periodontitis risk among pregnant women with GDM.

Profiles of subgingival microbiomes and gingival crevicular metabolic signatures in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

BACKGROUND

The relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted more attention recently, whereas profiles of subgingival microbiomes and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) metabolic signatures in AD patients have rarely been characterized; thus, little evidence exists to support the oral-brain axis hypothesis. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize both the microbial community of subgingival plaque and the metabolomic profiles of GCF in patients with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) for the first time.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study. Clinical examinations were performed on all participants. The microbial community of subgingival plaque and the metabolomic profiles of GCF were characterized using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, respectively.

RESULTS

Thirty-two patients with AD, 32 patients with aMCI, and 32 cognitively normal people were enrolled. The severity of periodontitis was significantly increased in AD patients compared with aMCI patients and cognitively normal people. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the relative abundances of 16 species in subgingival plaque were significantly correlated with cognitive function, and LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 165 differentially abundant metabolites in GCF. Moreover, multiomics Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) analysis revealed that 19 differentially abundant metabolites were significantly correlated with Veillonella parvula, Dialister pneumosintes, Leptotrichia buccalis, Pseudoleptotrichia goodfellowii, and Actinomyces massiliensis, in which galactinol, sn-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine, D-mannitol, 1 h-indole-1-pentanoic acid, 3-(1-naphthalenylcarbonyl)- and L-iditol yielded satisfactory accuracy for the predictive diagnosis of AD progression.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first combined subgingival microbiome and GCF metabolome study in patients with AD and aMCI, which revealed that periodontal microbial dysbiosis and metabolic disorders may be involved in the etiology and progression of AD, and the differential abundance of the microbiota and metabolites may be useful as potential markers for AD in the future.