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Michelangeli M, Martin JM, Robson S, Cerveny D, Walsh R, Richmond EK, Grace MR, Brand JA, Bertram MG, Ho SSY, Brodin T, Wong BBM. Pharmaceutical Pollution Alters the Structure of Freshwater Communities and Hinders Their Recovery from a Fish Predator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13904-13917. [PMID: 39049184 PMCID: PMC11308527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are under threat from rising pharmaceutical pollution. While such pollutants are known to elicit biological effects on organisms, we have limited knowledge on how these effects might cascade through food-webs, disrupt ecological processes, and shape freshwater communities. In this study, we used a mesocosm experiment to explore how the community impacts of a top-order predator, the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), are mediated by exposure to environmentally relevant low (measured concentration: ∼10 ng/L) and high concentrations (∼110 ng/L) of the pervasive pharmaceutical pollutant fluoxetine. We found no evidence that exposure to fluoxetine altered the consumptive effects of mosquitofish on zooplankton. However, once mosquitofish were removed from the mesocosms, zooplankton abundance recovered to a greater extent in control mesocosms compared to both low and high fluoxetine-exposed mesocosms. By the end of the experiment, this resulted in fundamental differences in community structure between the control and fluoxetine-treated mesocosms. Specifically, the control mesocosms were characterized by higher zooplankton abundances and lower algal biomass, whereas mesocosms exposed to either low or high concentrations of fluoxetine had lower zooplankton abundances and higher algal biomass. Our results suggest that fluoxetine, even at very low concentrations, can alter aquatic communities and hinder their recovery from disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Michelangeli
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Jake M. Martin
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Department
of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Robson
- Water
Studies Centre, School of Chemistry, Monash
University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
- University
of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection
of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center
of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Walsh
- Australian
Waterlife, 55 Vaughan
Chase, Wyndham Vale, Victoria 3024, Australia
| | - Erinn K. Richmond
- Environmental
Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, Victoria 3085, Australia
| | - Michael R. Grace
- Water
Studies Centre, School of Chemistry, Monash
University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Jack A. Brand
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, U.K.
| | - Michael G. Bertram
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Department
of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Susie S. Y. Ho
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
| | - Bob B. M. Wong
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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2
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Werba JA, Phong AC, Brar L, Frempong-Manso A, Oware OV, Kolasa J. Interactions between two functionally distinct aquatic invertebrate herbivores complicate ecosystem- and population-level resilience. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14103. [PMID: 36225899 PMCID: PMC9549887 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience, the capacity for a system to bounce-back after a perturbation, is critical for conservation and restoration efforts. Different functional traits have differential effects on system-level resilience. We test this experimentally in a lab system consisting of algae consumed by zooplankton, snails, or both, using an eutrophication event as a perturbation. We examined seston settlement load, chlorophyll-a and ammonium concentration as gauges of resilience. We find that Daphnia magna increased our measures of resilience. But this effect is not consistent across ecosystem measures; in fact, D. magna increased the difference between disturbed and undisturbed treatments in seston settlement loads. We have some evidence of shifting reproductive strategy in response to perturbation in D. magna and in the presence of Physa sp. These shifts correspond with altered population levels in D. magna, suggesting feedback loops between the herbivore species. While these results suggest only an ambiguous connection between functional traits to ecosystem resilience, they point to the difficulties in establishing such a link: indirect effects of one species on reproduction of another and different scales of response among components of the system, are just two examples that may compromise the power of simple predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo A. Werba
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lakhdeep Brar
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jurek Kolasa
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Zhang H, Zhang P, Wang H, García Molinos J, Hansson LA, He L, Zhang M, Xu J. Synergistic effects of warming and eutrophication alert zooplankton predator-prey interactions along the benthic-pelagic interface. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5907-5919. [PMID: 34390088 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary evidence suggests that climate change and other co-occurring large-scale environmental changes, such as eutrophication, will have a considerable impact on aquatic communities. However, the interactions of these environmental changes on trophic interactions among zooplankton remain largely unknown. Here we present results of a mesocosm experiment examining how a couple of zooplankton predator and prey taxa with different life-history strategies respond to the combined effect of an increase in temperature (4.5°C) and in eutrophication (phosphorus addition), during the crucial recruiting and growing season. We show that the addition of phosphorus alone significantly weakened the top-down effects by the cyclopoid copepod predators on their rotifer prey. In contrast, warming strengthened the top-down effects from the predator, leading to a reduction in the abundance of the rotifer prey. These effects of warming were enhanced by phosphorus addition. Together, our results demonstrate that warming made plankton prey organisms more susceptible to top-down effects from predators, but reduced their sensitivity to nutrient enrichment. In terms of the phenological effects, warming advanced the termination of diapause for both rotifers and cyclopoid copepods by about 2 weeks, but these temporal shifts, akin for both groups, resulted in no apparent trophic mismatch. Hence, from a future perspective, cyclopoid copepods are likely to benefit more from the combination of nutrient enrichment and climate warming to the detriment of their rotifer prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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4
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Quévreux P, Pigeault R, Loreau M. Predator avoidance and foraging for food shape synchrony and response to perturbations in trophic metacommunities. J Theor Biol 2021; 528:110836. [PMID: 34271013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The response of species to perturbations strongly depends on spatial aspects in populations connected by dispersal. Asynchronous fluctuations in biomass among populations lower the risk of simultaneous local extinctions and thus reduce the regional extinction risk. However, dispersal is often seen as passive diffusion that balances species abundance between distant patches, whereas ecological constraints, such as predator avoidance or foraging for food, trigger the movement of individuals. Here, we propose a model in which dispersal rates depend on the abundance of the species interacting with the dispersing species (e.g., prey or predators) to determine how density-dependent dispersal shapes spatial synchrony in trophic metacommunities in response to stochastic perturbations. Thus, unlike those with passive dispersal, this model with density-dependent dispersal bypasses the classic vertical transmission of perturbations due to trophic interactions and deeply alters synchrony patterns. We show that the species with the highest coefficient of variation of biomass governs the dispersal rate of the dispersing species and determines the synchrony of its populations. In addition, we show that this mechanism can be modulated by the relative impact of each species on the growth rate of the dispersing species. Species affected by several constraints disperse to mitigate the strongest constraints (e.g., predation), which does not necessarily experience the highest variations due to perturbations. Our approach can disentangle the joint effects of several factors implied in dispersal and provides a more accurate description of dispersal and its consequences on metacommunity dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Quévreux
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, UPR 2001, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France.
| | - Rémi Pigeault
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, UPR 2001, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, UPR 2001, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
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5
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Rettig JE, Smith GR. Relative strength of top-down effects of an invasive fish and bottom-up effects of nutrient addition in a simple aquatic food web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5845-5853. [PMID: 32975750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of exotic predators or runoff of fertilizers can alter aquatic food webs, in particular zooplankton communities, through top-down and bottom-up effects. In a mesocosm experiment, we manipulated the density of Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and nutrient levels (nitrate and phosphate independently) and observed effects on zooplankton and phytoplankton in a fall, temperate zone system. If top-down regulation were important, we expected mosquitofish predation to reduce zooplankton abundance, which would indirectly benefit phytoplankton. If bottom-up regulation were important, we expected nutrient addition to increase both primary producers and zooplankton. Western Mosquitofish predation significantly decreased the abundance of several zooplankton taxa, resulting in a trophic cascade with increased chlorophyll a (i.e., primary productivity). This effect did not differ between mesocosms with 5 or 10 fish. Nutrient addition had no significant effects on zooplankton; however, chlorophyll a was positively affected by both nitrogen addition and phosphorus addition. Our results suggest weak bottom-up regulation in our experimental community, but strong top-down regulation, emphasizing the potential consequences of introducing non-native Western Mosquitofish to native aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Rettig
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH, 43023, USA.
| | - Geoffrey R Smith
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH, 43023, USA
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6
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Galiana N, Arnoldi JF, Barbier M, Acloque A, de Mazancourt C, Loreau M. Can biomass distribution across trophic levels predict trophic cascades? Ecol Lett 2020; 24:464-476. [PMID: 33314592 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biomass distribution across trophic levels (biomass pyramid) and cascading responses to perturbations (trophic cascades) are archetypal representatives of the interconnected set of static and dynamical properties of food chains. A vast literature has explored their respective ecological drivers, sometimes generating correlations between them. Here we instead reveal a fundamental connection: both pyramids and cascades reflect the dynamical sensitivity of the food chain to changes in species intrinsic rates. We deduce a direct relationship between cascades and pyramids, modulated by what we call trophic dissipation - a synthetic concept that encodes the contribution of top-down propagation of consumer losses in the biomass pyramid. Predictable across-ecosystem patterns emerge when systems are in similar regimes of trophic dissipation. Data from 31 aquatic mesocosm experiments demonstrate how our approach can reveal the causal mechanisms linking trophic cascades and biomass distributions, thus providing a road map to deduce reliable predictions from empirical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Galiana
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Jean-François Arnoldi
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthieu Barbier
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Amandine Acloque
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | | | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
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7
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Planktonic Microcrustacean Community Structure Varies with Trophic Status and Environmental Variables in Tropical Shallow Lakes in Malaysia. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12090322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate planktonic microcrustacean species composition, abundance, and diversity in lakes with different trophic status and to determine the relationship between microcrustacean community structure and lake environmental conditions. This study hypothesized that there are correlations between eutrophication levels and microcrustacean community structures in a lake. Three shallow lakes of different trophic status (Sembrong, Putrajaya and Subang lakes) were selected for this study. Two-Way Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed differences in microcrustacean diversity and density amongst lakes, where the hypereutrophic condition in Sembrong lake resulted in the lowest diversity but the highest density of microcrustaceans. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis identified the discriminator species among lakes where the domination of small-sized microcrustaceans was observed in lakes with high levels of eutrophication; the hypereutrophic Sembrong lake (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, 74.0%); the meso-eutrophic Putrajaya lake (Bosmina longirostris, 46.9%; C. cornuta, 19.4%). Chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and water transparency showed significant roles in the distribution of microcrustaceans. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) scores indicated that small-sized C. cornuta and B. longirostris were related to the eutrophic conditions of lakes. This study elucidated that the lake trophic status could be one of the main factors contributing to the community restructuring of microcrustaceans in tropical lakes.
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8
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Vincent F, Bertolo A, Lacroix G, Mouchet M, Edeline E. Trait‐dependency of trophic interactions in zooplankton food webs. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Vincent
- Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES‐Paris) Paris France
| | - Andrea Bertolo
- Dépt de sciences de l'environnement, Univ. du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières QC Canada
| | - Gérard Lacroix
- Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES‐Paris) Paris France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research Univ., CNRS, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance), UMS 3194 Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | | | - Eric Edeline
- Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES‐Paris) Paris France
- INRAE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health Rennes France
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9
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Pintar MR, Resetarits WJ. Prey-driven control of predator assemblages: zooplankton abundance drives aquatic beetle colonization. Ecology 2017; 98:2201-2215. [PMID: 28574151 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Trophic interactions are critical determinants of community structure and ecosystem function. In freshwater habitats, top predators are traditionally viewed as drivers of ecosystem structure, shaping populations of consumers and primary producers. The temporary nature of small water bodies makes them dependent on colonization by many organisms, particularly insects that form highly diverse predator assemblages. We conducted mesocosm experiments with naturally colonizing populations of aquatic beetles to assess how prey (zooplankton) abundances influenced colonization and assemblages of natural populations of aquatic beetles. We experimentally demonstrate that zooplankton populations can be proximate regulators of predator populations and assemblages via prey-density-dependent predator recruitment. Our results provide support for the importance of prey populations in structuring predator populations and the role of habitat selection in structuring communities. We indicate that traditional views of predators as drivers of ecosystem structure in many systems may not provide a comprehensive picture, particularly in the context of highly disturbed or ephemeral habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pintar
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - William J Resetarits
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
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10
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Qiao Y, Feng J, Cui S, Zhu L. Long-term changes in nutrients, chlorophyll a and their relationships in a semi-enclosed eutrophic ecosystem, Bohai Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:222-228. [PMID: 28185653 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As the representative semi-enclosed bay of China, Bohai Bay has experienced severe eutrophication in recent decades. Monitoring data from 1995 to 2013 were analysed by generalized additive models (GAMs) to explore the temporal variations in nutrients concentrations, nutrient ratios, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations and the responses of Chl a to the changes in nutrients in the spring and summer. The results showed that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) decreased from 1995 to 2000 but increased after 2000 in both the spring and summer, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) decreased while the molar nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratios (DIN to SRP) increased over the last two decades. Generally, P-limited phytoplankton growth was observed in the spring and summer and DIN was identified as the main pollutant constituent in Bohai Bay. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between DIN and Chl a in summer in Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shangfa Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Renneville C, Rouzic AL, Baylac M, Millot A, Loisel S, Edeline E. Morphological drivers of trophic cascades. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Renneville
- CNRS/Sorbonne Universités/UPMC Univ Paris 06/INRA/IRD/Paris Diderot Univ. Paris 07/UPEC/Inst. d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement- Paris (iEES-Paris); 7 quai St Bernard FR-75252 Paris France
| | - Arnaud Le Rouzic
- CNRS/Univ. Paris-Sud/IRD/Univ. Paris-Saclay/Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie (EGCE); Avenue de la Terrasse FR-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Michel Baylac
- MNHN/CNRS/UPMC Univ. Paris 06/EPHE/Inst. de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB); 45 rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
- MNHN/CNRS/Outils et Méthodes de la Systématique Integrative (OMSI); 45 rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Alexis Millot
- ENS/CNRS/CEREEP Ecotron Île-de-France; 78 rue du Château FR-77140 Saint Pierre-lès-Nemours France
| | - Stéphane Loisel
- Sorbonne Universités/UPMC Univ Paris 06/CNRS/INRA/IRD/Paris Diderot Univ Paris 07/UPEC/Inst. d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement - Paris (iEES-Paris); 7 quai St Bernard FR-75252 Paris France
| | - Eric Edeline
- CNRS/Sorbonne Universités/UPMC Univ Paris 06/INRA/IRD/Paris Diderot Univ. Paris 07/UPEC/Inst. d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement- Paris (iEES-Paris); 7 quai St Bernard FR-75252 Paris France
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12
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Bertolo A, Rodríguez MA, Lacroix G. Control mechanisms of photosynthetic epibionts on zooplankton: an experimental approach. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00451.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Gauzens B, Legendre S, Lazzaro X, Lacroix G. Intermediate predation pressure leads to maximal complexity in food webs. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Gauzens
- UMR 6553 Ecobio, Univ. de Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu; FR-35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Legendre
- UMR 8197 IBENS (CNRS, ENS), École Normale Supérieure, 46, rue d'Ulm; FR-75230 Paris cedex 05 France
| | - Xavier Lazzaro
- UMR BOREA-MNHN/CNRS 7208/IRD 207/UPMC, Muse um National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 53, 61 rue Buffon; FR-75231 Paris Cedex 5 France
- LCA/UMSA, La Paz; Bolivia
| | - Gérard Lacroix
- UMR iEES Paris (CNRS, UPMC, INRA, IRD, AgroParisTech, UPEC), Inst. of Ecology and Environmental sciences - Paris, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie; 7 quai St.-Bernard FR-75005 Paris France
- UMS 3194 CEREEP - Ecotron IDF (CNRS, ENS); 78 rue du Château FR-77140 Saint-Pierre-Lès-Nemours France
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14
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Gauzens B, Thébault E, Lacroix G, Legendre S. Trophic groups and modules: two levels of group detection in food webs. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20141176. [PMID: 25878127 PMCID: PMC4424665 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within food webs, species can be partitioned into groups according to various criteria. Two notions have received particular attention: trophic groups (TGs), which have been used for decades in the ecological literature, and more recently, modules. The relationship between these two group concepts remains unknown in empirical food webs. While recent developments in network theory have led to efficient methods for detecting modules in food webs, the determination of TGs (groups of species that are functionally similar) is largely based on subjective expert knowledge. We develop a novel algorithm for TG detection. We apply this method to empirical food webs and show that aggregation into TGs allows for the simplification of food webs while preserving their information content. Furthermore, we reveal a two-level hierarchical structure where modules partition food webs into large bottom-top trophic pathways, whereas TGs further partition these pathways into groups of species with similar trophic connections. This provides new perspectives for the study of dynamical and functional consequences of food-web structure, bridging topological and dynamical analysis. TGs have a clear ecological meaning and are found to provide a trade-off between network complexity and information loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Gauzens
- UMR 7618-iEES Paris (CNRS, UPMC, UPEC, Paris Diderot, IRD, INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment A, 7 quai St Bernard, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France UMR 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex, France
| | - Elisa Thébault
- UMR 7618-iEES Paris (CNRS, UPMC, UPEC, Paris Diderot, IRD, INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment A, 7 quai St Bernard, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Gérard Lacroix
- UMR 7618-iEES Paris (CNRS, UPMC, UPEC, Paris Diderot, IRD, INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment A, 7 quai St Bernard, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France UMS 3194 (CNRS, ENS), CEREEP - Ecotron Ile De France, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 78 rue du Château, 77140 St-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Stéphane Legendre
- UMR 8197 IBENS (CNRS, ENS), École Normale Supérieure, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
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