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Different time patterns of the presence of red-eared slider influence the ontogeny dynamics of common frog tadpoles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7876. [PMID: 35552438 PMCID: PMC9098440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of species in a given community depends on the set of species involved and the timing of their interactions. Many native communities are increasingly forced to face both direct and indirect pressures from new alien predators, which, in extreme cases, can lead to the extinction of prey populations. In this study, we examine the dynamics of the ontogeny of common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles under different time patterns of an alien predator-the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) presence. We found that the tadpoles had a longer larval period and were smaller in size at metamorphosis and lower in body mass when the predator was present in early development than when the tadpoles developed without a predator. The early presence of a predator conspicuously reduced the growth increments of the tadpoles at early development. After the removal of the predator, growth accelerated above the level measured under the conditions of both the late predator and no predator. However, these growth rates did not exceed the growth rates of equally sized tadpoles in the other treatments and therefore were not sufficient to compensate for the growth slowdown in the first part of development. The presence of a predator in late tadpole development influenced neither the time to metamorphosis nor size/body mass at metamorphosis. In conclusion, the predator had the effect on metamorphosis traits only if it was present in the early development of tadpoles.
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Vuorinen KEM, Oksanen T, Oksanen L, Vuorisalo T, Speed JDM. Why don't all species overexploit? OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katariina E. M. Vuorinen
- Dept of Natural History, NTNU Univ. Museum, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Tarja Oksanen
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT, The Arctic Univ. of Norway, Campus Alta Alta Norway
- Dept of Biology, Ecology Section, Univ. of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Lauri Oksanen
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT, The Arctic Univ. of Norway, Campus Alta Alta Norway
- Dept of Biology, Ecology Section, Univ. of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Timo Vuorisalo
- Dept of Biology, Ecology Section, Univ. of Turku Turku Finland
| | - James D. M. Speed
- Dept of Natural History, NTNU Univ. Museum, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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3
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Moore SJ, Nicholson KE. Beneath the Leaf-Litter: Can Salamander Personality Influence Forest-Floor Dynamics? HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-19-00019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaundon J.B. Moore
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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4
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Schmitz OJ, Leroux SJ. Food Webs and Ecosystems: Linking Species Interactions to the Carbon Cycle. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All species within ecosystems contribute to regulating carbon cycling because of their functional integration into food webs. Yet carbon modeling and accounting still assumes that only plants, microbes, and invertebrate decomposer species are relevant to the carbon cycle. Our multifaceted review develops a case for considering a wider range of species, especially herbivorous and carnivorous wild animals. Animal control over carbon cycling is shaped by the animals’ stoichiometric needs and functional traits in relation to the stoichiometry and functional traits of their resources. Quantitative synthesis reveals that failing to consider these mechanisms can lead to serious inaccuracies in the carbon budget. Newer carbon-cycle models that consider food-web structure based on organismal functional traits and stoichiometry can offer mechanistically informed predictions about the magnitudes of animal effects that will help guide new empirical research aimed at developing a coherent understanding of the interactions and importance of all species within food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswald J. Schmitz
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Shawn J. Leroux
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
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Liu J, Liu X, Song Q, Compson ZG, LeRoy CJ, Luan F, Wang H, Hu Y, Yang Q. Synergistic effects: a common theme in mixed-species litter decomposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:757-765. [PMID: 32215914 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Litter decomposition plays a key role in nutrient cycling across ecosystems, yet to date, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the nonadditive decomposition effects in leaf litter mixing experiments. To fill that gap, we compiled 69 individual studies with the aim to perform two meta-analyses on nonadditive effects. We show that a significant synergistic effect (faster decomposition in mixtures than expected) occurs at a global scale, with an average increase of 3-5% in litter mixtures. In particular, low-quality litter in mixtures shows a significant synergistic effect, while additive effects are observed for high-quality species. Additionally, synergistic effects turn into antagonistic effects when soil fauna are absent or litter is in very late stages of decomposition (near-humus). In contrast to temperate and tropical areas, studies in boreal regions show significant antagonistic effects. Our two meta-analyses provide a systematic evaluation of nonadditive effects in mixed litter decomposition studies and show that litter quality alters the effects of litter mixing. Our results indicate that nutrient transfer, soil fauna and inhibitory secondary compounds can influence mixing effects. We also highlight that synergistic and antagonistic effects occur concurrently, and the final litter mixing effect results from the interplay between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qingni Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zacchaeus G Compson
- Centre for Environmental Genomics Applications, St. John's, NL A1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Carri J LeRoy
- Environmental Studies Program, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, 98505, USA
| | - Fenggang Luan
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yalin Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qingpei Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Ingle K, Kaur H, Gallé-Szpisjak N, Bürgés J, Szabó Á, Gallé R. Winter-Active Spider Fauna is Affected by Plantation Forest Type. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:601-606. [PMID: 32159751 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plantations of non-native trees for commercial use are common practice in Europe. They are known to have severe ecological impacts on arthropod fauna by altering microclimatic conditions and reducing microhabitat diversity. However, the effect of plantation tree species on winter-active fauna is relatively unknown. Spiders are a diverse predatory arthropod taxon with strong effect on their prey populations. The composition of spider communities sensitively indicates changes in habitat structure. We established 40 sampling sites in five non-native pine and five native poplar plantations and collected spiders with pitfall traps for two winters in the Southern part of Hungary. We assessed the average height of vegetation and percentage cover of leaf litter, mosses, herbaceous vegetation, and shrubs to characterize habitat structure. We found species richness and activity density of spiders in the non-native compared to the native plantations, presumably due to the more temperate microclimate in pine than in poplar plantations. However, there was no significant effect of habitat structure and its interaction with forest type on species richness and activity density of spiders. Species composition of non-native and native plantation forests differed significantly. Furthermore, we identified six characteristic spider species of non-native plantations with preference for relatively moist habitat conditions. The single characteristic species, (Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873) for the native plantations preferred dry and partly shaded habitats. We conclude that the effect of microclimatic differences and prey availability presumably overrides the effect of habitat structure on winter-active spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapilkumar Ingle
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 'Lendület' Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 'Lendület' Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, ihany, Hungary
| | - József Bürgés
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Áron Szabó
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gallé
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 'Lendület' Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
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Predator population size structure alters consumption of prey from epigeic and grazing food webs. Oecologia 2020; 192:791-799. [PMID: 32086561 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have found that predators can suppress prey densities and thereby impact important ecosystem processes such as plant productivity and decomposition. However, prey suppression by spiders can be highly variable. Unlike predators that feed on prey within a single energy channel, spiders often consume prey from asynchronous energy channels, such as grazing (live plant) and epigeic (soil surface) channels. Spiders undergo few life cycle changes and thus appear to be ideally suited to link energy channels, but ontogenetic diet shifts in spiders have received little attention. For example, spider use of different food channels may be highly specialized in different life stages and thus a species may be a multichannel omnivore only when we consider all life stages. Using stable isotopes, we investigated whether wolf spider (Pardosa littoralis, henceforth Pardosa) prey consumption is driven by changes in spider size. Small spiders obtained > 80% of their prey from the epigeic channel, whereas larger spiders used grazing and epigeic prey almost equally. Changes in prey consumption were not driven by changes in prey density, but by changes in prey use by different spider size classes. Thus, because the population size structure of Pardosa changes dramatically over the growing season, changes in spider size may have important implications for the strength of trophic cascades. Our research demonstrates that life history can be an important component of predator diet, which may in turn affect community- and ecosystem-level processes.
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Simon TN, Binderup AJ, Flecker AS, Gilliam JF, Marshall MC, Thomas SA, Travis J, Reznick DN, Pringle CM. Landscape patterns in top-down control of decomposition: omnivory disrupts a tropical detrital-based trophic cascade. Ecology 2019; 100:e02723. [PMID: 30973962 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Detrital-based trophic cascades are often considered weak or absent in tropical stream ecosystems because of the prevalence of omnivorous macroconsumers and the dearth of leaf-shredding insects. In this study, we isolate top-down effects of three macroconsumer species on detrital processing in headwater streams draining Trinidad's northern mountains. We separated effects of different macroconsumers by experimentally manipulating their temporal access to isolated benthic habitat over the diel cycle. We found no evidence that omnivorous macroconsumers, including a freshwater crab (Eudaniela garmani) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata), increased leaf decomposition via consumption. By contrast, above a waterfall excluding guppies, the insectivorous killifish, Anablepsoides hartii, reduced the biomass of the leaf-shredding insect Phylloicus hansoni 4-fold, which consequently reduced leaf decomposition rates 1.6-fold. This detrital cascade did not occur below the barrier waterfall, where omnivorous guppies join the assemblage and reduce killifish densities; here killifish had no significant effects on Phylloicus or decomposition rates. These patterns of detrital processing were also observed in upstream-downstream comparisons in a landscape study across paired reaches of six streams. Above waterfalls, where killifish were present, but guppies absent, leaf decomposition rates and Phylloicus biomass were 2.5- and ~35-fold lower, respectively, compared to measurements below waterfalls. Moreover, the strength of top-down control by killifish is reflected by the 20- and 5-fold reductions in variability (±SE) surrounding mean Phylloicus biomass and leaf decomposition rates in upstream relative to downstream reaches where no top-down control was detected. Findings show a clear, detrital-based trophic cascade among killifish, a leaf-shredding insect, and leaf decomposition rates. Results also show how omnivorous guppies disrupt this cascade by depressing killifish densities, thereby releasing invertebrate shredders from predation, and significantly increasing decomposition rates. Moreover, this combination of direct and indirect trophic interactions drives patterns in decomposition rates in stream networks at a landscape scale, resulting in significantly lower rates of decomposition above vs. below barrier waterfalls. Our findings reveal that omnivory can result in significant indirect effects on a key ecosystem process, illustrating the importance of these hidden trophic pathways in detrital-based systems and suggesting that resource control in tropical systems may be even more complex than previously envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy N Simon
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.,Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Andrew J Binderup
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Alex S Flecker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - James F Gilliam
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Michael C Marshall
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Steven A Thomas
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, USA
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
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9
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Lau MK, Baiser B, Northrop A, Gotelli NJ, Ellison AM. Regime shifts and hysteresis in the pitcher-plant microecosystem. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Donadi S, Austin ÅN, Bergström U, Eriksson BK, Hansen JP, Jacobson P, Sundblad G, van Regteren M, Eklöf JS. A cross-scale trophic cascade from large predatory fish to algae in coastal ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0045. [PMID: 28724727 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophic cascades occur in many ecosystems, but the factors regulating them are still elusive. We suggest that an overlooked factor is that trophic interactions (TIs) are often scale-dependent and possibly interact across spatial scales. To explore the role of spatial scale for trophic cascades, and particularly the occurrence of cross-scale interactions (CSIs), we collected and analysed food-web data from 139 stations across 32 bays in the Baltic Sea. We found evidence of a four-level trophic cascade linking TIs across two spatial scales: at bay scale, piscivores (perch and pike) controlled mesopredators (three-spined stickleback), which in turn negatively affected epifaunal grazers. At station scale (within bays), grazers on average suppressed epiphytic algae, and indirectly benefitted habitat-forming vegetation. Moreover, the direction and strength of the grazer-algae relationship at station scale depended on the piscivore biomass at bay scale, indicating a cross-scale interaction effect, potentially caused by a shift in grazer assemblage composition. In summary, the trophic cascade from piscivores to algae appears to involve TIs that occur at, but also interact across, different spatial scales. Considering scale-dependence in general, and CSIs in particular, could therefore enhance our understanding of trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Donadi
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden .,Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å N Austin
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Öregrund, Sweden
| | - B K Eriksson
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life-Sciences GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J P Hansen
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Jacobson
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Öregrund, Sweden
| | - G Sundblad
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Stockholm, Sweden.,AquaBiota Water Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M van Regteren
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life-Sciences GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J S Eklöf
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tromboni F, Dodds WK, Neres‐Lima V, Zandonà E, Moulton TP. Heterogeneity and scaling of photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen uptake in three Atlantic Rainforest streams. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Tromboni
- Departamento de Ecologia IBRAG Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20550‐013 Brazil
| | - Walter K. Dodds
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66502 USA
| | - Vinicius Neres‐Lima
- Departamento de Ecologia IBRAG Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20550‐013 Brazil
| | - Eugenia Zandonà
- Departamento de Ecologia IBRAG Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20550‐013 Brazil
| | - Timothy P. Moulton
- Departamento de Ecologia IBRAG Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20550‐013 Brazil
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Maran
- Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio 43403 USA
| | - S. L. Pelini
- Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio 43403 USA
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