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Barbero-Palacios L, Barrio IC, García Criado M, Kater I, Petit Bon M, Kolari THM, Bjørkås R, Trepel J, Lundgren E, Björnsdóttir K, Hwang BC, Bartra-Cabré L, Defourneaux M, Ramsay J, Lameris TK, Leffler AJ, Lock JG, Kuoppamaa MS, Kristensen JA, Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith I, Lecomte N, Axmacher JC, Gilg O, Den Herder M, Pagneux EP, Skarin A, Sokolova N, Windirsch T, Wheeler HC, Serrano E, Virtanen T, Hik DS, Kaarlejärvi E, Speed JDM, Soininen EM. Herbivore diversity effects on Arctic tundra ecosystems: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 39294685 PMCID: PMC11378771 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-024-00330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems. METHODS Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles. REVIEW FINDINGS The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects that can be modulated by environmental conditions. Still, many challenges remain to fully understand the complex impacts of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems. Future studies should explicitly address the role of herbivore diversity beyond presence-absence, targeting a broader range of ecosystem responses and explicitly including invertebrate herbivores. A better understanding of the role of herbivore diversity will enhance our ability to predict whether and where shifts in herbivore assemblages might mitigate or further amplify the impacts of environmental change on Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barbero-Palacios
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | | | - Ilona Kater
- Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Department of Wildland Resources | Quinney College of Natural Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, UT-84322, USA
| | - Tiina H M Kolari
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ragnhild Bjørkås
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas Trepel
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erick Lundgren
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katrín Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernice C Hwang
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Umeå University, KBC-Huset, Linnaeus Väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Bartra-Cabré
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mathilde Defourneaux
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jennifer Ramsay
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Thomas K Lameris
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - A Joshua Leffler
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Janine G Lock
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Mari S Kuoppamaa
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jeppe A Kristensen
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isla Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH9 3FF, UK
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Department of Biology and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Jan C Axmacher
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Geography, UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 21440, Francheville, France
| | | | - Emmanuel P Pagneux
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Anna Skarin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Sokolova
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Labytnangi, Russia
| | - Torben Windirsch
- Permafrost Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helen C Wheeler
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatje (SEFaS), Department de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tarmo Virtanen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eeva M Soininen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Nawaz M, Sun J, Shabbir S, Khattak WA, Ren G, Nie X, Bo Y, Javed Q, Du D, Sonne C. A review of plants strategies to resist biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165832. [PMID: 37524179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stressors including environmental pollution and global warming pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite substantial literature documenting how plants adapt to distinct stressors, there still is a lack of knowledge regarding responses to multiple stressors and how these affects growth and development. Exposure of plants to concurrent biotic and abiotic stressors such as cadmium and drought, leads to pronounced inhibition in above ground biomass, imbalance in oxidative homeostasis, nutrient assimilation and stunted root growth, elucidating the synergistic interactions of multiple stressors culminating in adverse physiological outcomes. Impact of elevated heavy metal and water deficit exposure extends beyond growth and development, influencing the biodiversity of the microenvironment including the rhizosphere nutrient profile and microbiome. These findings have significant implications for plant-stress interactions and ecosystem functioning that prompt immediate action in order to eliminate effect of pollution and address global environmental issues to promote sustainable tolerance for multiple stress combinations in plants. Here, we review plant tolerance against stress combinations, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches and advanced technologies, such as omics and molecular tools, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of underlying stress tolerance mechanisms. To accelerate progress towards developing stress-tolerance in plants against multiple environmental stressors, future research in plant stress tolerance should adopt a collaborative approach, involving researchers from multiple disciplines with diverse expertise and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Nawaz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Samina Shabbir
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ali Khattak
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guangqian Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanwen Bo
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qaiser Javed
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technological Sciences, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Dong X, Jiang F, Duan D, Tian Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Hou F, Nan Z, Chen T. Contrasting Effects of Grazing in Shaping the Seasonal Trajectory of Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities on Two Semiarid Grassland Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1016. [PMID: 37888272 PMCID: PMC10608051 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are harboured in the leaves of every individual plant host and contribute to plant health, leaf senescence, and early decomposition. In grasslands, fungal endophytes and their hosts often coexist with large herbivores. However, the influence of grazing by large herbivores on foliar fungal endophyte communities remains largely unexplored. We conducted a long-term (18 yr) grazing experiment to explore the effects of grazing on the community composition and diversity of the foliar fungal endophytes of two perennial grassland species (i.e., Artemisia capillaris and Stipa bungeana) across one growing season. Grazing significantly increased the mean fungal alpha diversity of A. capillaris in the early season. In contrast, grazing significantly reduced the mean fungal alpha diversity of endophytic fungi of S. bungeana in the late season. Grazing, growing season, and their interactions concurrently structured the community composition of the foliar fungal endophytes of both plant species. However, growing season consistently outperformed grazing and environmental factors in shaping the community composition and diversity of both plant species. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition differed in response to grazing between A. capillaris and S. bungeana during one growing season. The focus on this difference will enhance our understanding of grazing's impact on ecological systems and improve land management practices in grazing regions. This variation in the effects of leaf nutrients and plant community characteristics on foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition may have a pronounced impact on plant health and plant-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Feifei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Dongdong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Huining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Yinan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
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Barrio IC, Barbero-Palacios L, Kaarlejärvi E, Speed JDM, Heiðmarsson S, Hik DS, Soininen EM. What are the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems? A systematic review protocol. ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 2022; 11:1. [PMID: 39294709 PMCID: PMC11378829 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the diversity of herbivore communities can strongly influence the functioning of northern ecosystems. Different herbivores have different impacts on ecosystems because of differences in their diets, behaviour and energy requirements. The combined effects of different herbivores can in some cases compensate each other but lead to stronger directional changes elsewhere. However, the diversity of herbivore assemblages has until recently been a largely overlooked dimension of plant-herbivore interactions. Given the ongoing environmental changes in tundra ecosystems, with increased influx of boreal species and changes in the distribution and abundance of arctic herbivores, a better understanding of the consequences of changes in the diversity of herbivore assemblages is needed. This protocol presents the methodology that will be used in a systematic review on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions and properties of tundra ecosystems. METHODS This systematic review builds on an earlier systematic map on herbivory studies in the Arctic that identified a relatively large number of studies assessing the effects of multiple herbivores. The systematic review will include primary field studies retrieved from databases, search engines and specialist websites, that compare responses of tundra ecosystems to different levels of herbivore diversity, including both vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. We will use species richness of herbivores or the richness of functional groups of herbivores as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblages. Studies will be screened in three stages: title, abstract and full text, and inclusion will follow clearly identified eligibility criteria, based on their target population, exposure, comparator and study design. The review will cover terrestrial Arctic ecosystems including the forest-tundra ecotone. Potential outcomes will include multiple processes, functions and properties of tundra ecosystems related to primary productivity, nutrient cycling, accumulation and dynamics of nutrient pools, as well as the impacts of herbivores on other organisms. Studies will be critically appraised for validity, and where studies report similar outcomes, meta-analysis will be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Laura Barbero-Palacios
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Starri Heiðmarsson
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Borgum við Norðurslóð, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Eeva M Soininen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsö, Norway
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