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Ding K, Liu W, Sun D, Zhang Y, Ren C, Cheng X, Wang H, Zhu Y, Xing X, Chen W. Residual coronary malformation after tibial shaft fracture alters the contact status of the meniscus and cartilage in the knee joint: a computational study. Front Surg 2024; 11:1325085. [PMID: 39345655 PMCID: PMC11427437 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1325085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual varus/valgus deformity on the mechanical characteristics of the meniscus and cartilage after tibial shaft fracture. Methods A finite element model of the lower extremity of a healthy volunteer was constructed from CT and MRI images. The upper and middle tibial fracture models were modified to produce 3°, 5°, and 10° tibial varus/valgus models. For model validation, a patient-specific model with a 10° tibial varus deformity was constructed and simulated under the same boundary conditions. Results The contact area and maximum stress of the normal and modified deformity models were similar to those of the reported studies and a patient-specific model. The maximum stress, contact area, and contact force of the medial tibial cartilage in a normal neutral position were 0.64 MPa, 247.52 mm2, and 221.77 N, respectively, while those of the lateral tibial cartilage were 0.76 MPa, 196.25 mm2, and 146.12 N, respectively. From 10° of valgus to 10° of varus, the contact force, contact area, and maximum stress values of the medial tibial cartilage increased, and those of the lateral tibial cartilage gradually decreased. The maximum stress, contact area, and contact force of the medial tibial cartilage in the normal neutral position were 3.24 MPa, 110.91 mm2, and 62.84 N, respectively, while those of the lateral tibial cartilage were 3.45 MPa, 135.83 mm2, and 67.62 N, respectively. The maximum stress of the medial tibial subchondral bone in a normal neutral position was 1.47 MPa, while that of the lateral was 0.65 MPa. The variation trend of the medial/lateral meniscus and subchondral bone was consistent with that of the tibial plateau cartilage in terms of maximum stress, contact area, and contact force. Conclusion The residual varus/valgus deformity of the tibia has a significant impact on the mechanical loads exerted on the knee joint. This study provides a mechanical basis and references for the clinical evaluation of tibial fracture reduction and osteotomy for tibial deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei, China
| | - Dacheng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chuan Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haicheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment (The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Visscher LE, McCarthy C, White J, Tetsworth K. Asymmetric Post-Traumatic Knee Arthritis Is Closely Correlated With Both Severity and Time for Lower Limb Coronal Plane Malalignment. Cartilage 2024; 15:100-109. [PMID: 37846509 PMCID: PMC11368894 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231186688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical alignment of the lower limbs has been suggested to cause abnormal uneven loading across the compartments at the knee, but its contribution to the initiation and progression of arthritis remains controversial. This study aimed to establish whether malalignment of the lower limb after trauma is associated with worsened arthritis scores in the theoretically overloaded compartment, and if arthritis scores continuously correlate with the degree of malalignment and time with deformity. DESIGN After screening 1160 X-rays, 60 patients were identified with long-leg radiographs > 2 years after fracture. Measurement of mechanical axis deviation (MAD) divided into groups of varus malalignment (n = 16, >16 mm), valgus (n = 25, <0 mm), and normal alignment (n = 19). Alignment and bilateral knee compartmental arthritis scores were recorded by three clinicians, compared via analysis of variance and assessed with linear regression against time since injury using MAD as a covariate. RESULTS In varus and valgus malalignment, there was a greater mean arthritis score in the "overloaded" compartment compared to the contralateral side, with varus medial Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores 5.17 ± 2.91 vs 3.50 ± 2.72 (P = 0.006) and Kellegren-Lawrence scores 2.65 ± 1.19 vs 1.79 ± 1.24 (P ≤ 0.001). In a linear regression model, OARSI arthritis score was significantly associated with absolute MAD (0.6/10 mm MAD, P < 0.001) and time (0.7/decade, P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Malalignment consistently results in more advanced arthritis scores in the overloaded compartment, most likely related to abnormal loading across the knee. Severity of arthritis using OARSI grading continuously correlates with degree of malalignment and time with deformity after post-traumatic malunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke E. Visscher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jordy White
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin Tetsworth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Orthopaedic Research Centre of Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Shimizu K, Takegami Y, Tokutake K, Naruse K, Sudo Y, Matsubara Y, Imagama S. What factors are associated with loss of alignment after open reduction and internal fixation for tibial plateau fractures? A retrospective multicenter (TRON group) study. J Orthop Sci 2024; 29:286-291. [PMID: 36575098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) are one of the most challenging intra-articular fractures to treat. Along with reconstruction of the articular surfaces, appropriate alignment of the knee joints must be obtained and maintained after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for TPFs because loss of alignment (LA) is associated with worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to investigate and clarify the risk factors related to LA after ORIF for TPFs. METHODS This multicenter, retrospective cohort study used data of hospitals of the Trauma Research Group (TRON group) from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020. Among 293 TPFs extracted from the database, we evaluated the alignment of the articular surface to the anatomical axis of the tibia in the immediate postoperative and last follow-up radiographs. We defined a change of alignment from the immediate postoperative radiograph as LA. We evaluated the risk factors of LA using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS LA was observed in 27 fractures (9.2%). In multiple logistic regression analyses, preoperative articular step-off and postoperative condylar widening were statistically associated with LA (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.02-1.19 and P = 0.012; OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.08, P = 0.045, respectively). We calculated the threshold by drawing a receiver operating characteristic curve using the final regression model. The threshold of postoperative widening was 8.2 mm. We divided the 293 TPFs into two groups according to this threshold and determined differences between the two groups using Fisher's exact test. The two groups were statistically significantly different (P = 0.00502). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative articular step-off and postoperative condylar widening could be associated with LA after ORIF for TPFs. We suggest that intraoperative restoration of condylar widening is important for the prevention of malalignment following ORIF for TPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Takegami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Tokutake
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Naruse
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshito Sudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsubara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kariya TOYOTA General Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ding K, Yang W, Wang H, Zhan S, Hu P, Bai J, Ren C, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Chen W. Finite element analysis of biomechanical effects of residual varus/valgus malunion after femoral fracture on knee joint. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2021; 45:1827-1835. [PMID: 33876255 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-021-05039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-operative femoral shaft fractures are often accompanied by a residual varus/valgus deformity, which can result in osteoarthritis in severe cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects of residual varus/valgus deformities after middle and lower femoral fracture on the stress distribution and contact area of knee joint. METHODS Thin-slice CT scanning of lower extremities and MRI imaging of knee joints were obtained from a healthy adult male to establish normal lower limb model (neutral position). Then, the models of 3°, 5°, and 10° of varus/valgus were established respectively by modifying middle and lower femur of normal model. To validate the modifying, a patient-specific model, whose BMI was same to former and had 10° of varus deformity of tibia, was built and simulated under the same boundary conditions. RESULT The contact area and maximum stress of modified models were similar to those of patient-specific model. The contact area and maximum stress of medial tibial cartilage in normal neutral position were 244.36 mm2 and 0.64 MPa, while those of lateral were 196.25 mm2 and 0.76 MPa. From 10° of valgus neutral position to 10° of varus, the contact area and maximum stress of medial tibial cartilage increased, and the lateral gradually decreased. The contact area and maximum stress of medial meniscus in normal neutral position were 110.91 mm2 and 3.24 MPa, while those of lateral were 135.83 mm2 and 3.45 MPa. The maximum stress of medial tibia subchondral bone in normal neutral position was 1.47 MPa, while that of lateral was 0.65 MPa. The variation trend of medial/lateral meniscus and subchondral bone was consistent with that of tibial plateau cartilage in the contact area and maximum stress. CONCLUSION This study suggested that varus/valgus deformity of femur had an obvious effect on the contact area and stress distribution of knee joint, providing biomechanical evidence and deepening understanding when performing orthopedic trauma surgery or surgical correction of the already existing varus/valgus deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haicheng Wang
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Zhan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Hu
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Bai
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Ren
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopeadic Equipment (The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University), Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
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