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Wang X, Qian L, Qian Z, Wu Q, Cheng D, Wei J, Song L, Huang S, Chen X, Wang P, Weng G. Therapeutic options for different metastatic sites arising from renal cell carcinoma: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38268. [PMID: 38788027 PMCID: PMC11124732 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stands among the top 10 malignant neoplasms with the highest fatality rates. It exhibits pronounced heterogeneity and robust metastatic behavior. Patients with RCC may present with solitary or multiple metastatic lesions at various anatomical sites, and their prognoses are contingent upon the site of metastasis. When deliberating the optimal therapeutic approach for a patient, thorough evaluation of significant risk factors such as the feasibility of complete resection, the presence of oligometastases, and the patient's functional and physical condition is imperative. Recognizing the nuanced differences in RCC metastasis to distinct organs proves advantageous in contemplating potential treatment modalities aimed at optimizing survival outcomes. Moreover, discerning the metastatic site holds promise for enhancing risk stratification in individuals with metastatic RCC. This review summarizes the recent data pertaining to the current status of different RCC metastatic sites and elucidates their role in informing clinical management strategies across diverse metastatic locales of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zengxing Qian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongying Cheng
- Department of community, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 3 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingmin Song
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuaihuai Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Guobin Weng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wang Z, Zuo T, Lin W, Du Z, Zhang X, Liang Y. Clinical efficacy and safety of microwave ablation combined with percutaneous osteoplasty for palliative treatment in pelvic osteolytic metastases. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:553-559. [PMID: 38265293 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of microwave ablation (MWA) on pain relief, quality of life, mobility, and local tumour progression in adult patients with pelvic osteolytic bone metastasis and to test the safety of MWA. METHODS This study retrospectively analysed the data from 20 patients with pelvic osteolytic metastases who received MWA combined with percutaneous osteoplasty (POP). The visual analogue scale (VAS), musculoskeletal tumour society system (MSTS), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Bone Metastases 22 (QLQ-BM22) were used to evaluate the pain, limb function, and quality of life. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The tumour recurrence and survival time were analysed during the follow-up period (range 3-26 months). RESULTS All (n = 20) MWA and POP operations were completed successfully. Four patients (20%; 95% CI, 6%-44%) had mild bone cement leakage from surrounding tissues, and there were no obvious symptoms or serious complications. There were significant differences in VAS, MSTS, and QLQ-BM22 scores before and after the operation (P < .001). During the postoperative follow-up period, 9 patients died. The median survival time was 8 months (range 3-26 months; IQR: 4.5-13; 95% CI, 4.2-15.3 months), and the 1-year survival rate was 65% (13/20; 95% CI, 41%-85%). Tumour recurrence occurred in 4 cases (20%; 95% CI, 6%-44%) after the operation, and the median time of recurrence was 12 months (range 8-16 months; IQR: 8.25-12.75; 95% CI, 5.5-18.5 months). CONCLUSIONS MWA combined with POP is an effective and safe treatment for pelvic osteolytic metastases. It can significantly relieve local pain, reconstruct limb function, improve patients' quality of life, and effectively control local tumour progression. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE So far, the experience of using microwave in the treatment of pelvic metastases is still limited. MWA combined with POP in the treatment of pelvic osteolytic metastases can provide significant clinical benefits in acceptable low-risk minimally invasive situations and should be provided to patients with appropriate pelvic metastases in a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- Department of Oncology Intervention, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250013, China
| | - Taiyang Zuo
- Department of Oncology Intervention, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250013, China
| | - Wenli Lin
- Department of Oncology Intervention, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250013, China
| | - Zhenhua Du
- Department of Oncology Intervention, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250013, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Oncology Intervention, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250013, China
| | - Yining Liang
- Department of Oncology Intervention, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shangdong Province 250013, China
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Fan J, Zhang X, Li P, Wu L, Yuan Q, Bai Y, Yang S, Qiu Y, Zhang K. Microwave ablation combined with vertebral augmentation under real-time temperature monitoring for the treatment of painful spinal osteogenic metastases. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:219. [PMID: 37291501 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation combined with vertebral augmentation under real-time temperature monitoring in the treatment of painful osteogenic spinal metastases. METHODS This retrospective study included 38 patients with 63 osteogenic metastatic spinal lesions treated using CT-guided microwave ablation and vertebral augmentation under real-time temperature monitoring. Visual analog scale scores, daily morphine consumption, and Oswestry Disability Index scores were used to evaluate efficacy of the treatment. RESULTS Microwave ablation combined with vertebral augmentation reduced the mean visual analog scale scores from 6.40 ± 1.90 preoperatively to 3.32 ± 0.96 at 24 h, 2.24 ± 0.91 at 1 week, 1.92 ± 1.32 at 4 weeks, 1.79 ± 1.45 at 12 weeks, and 1.39 ± 1.12 at 24 weeks postoperatively (all p < 0.001). The mean preoperative daily morphine consumption was 108.95 ± 56.41 mg, which decreased to 50.13 ± 25.46 mg at 24 h, 31.18 ± 18.58 mg at 1 week, 22.50 ± 16.63 mg at 4 weeks, 21.71 ± 17.68 mg at 12 weeks, and 17.27 ± 16.82 mg at 24 weeks postoperatively (all p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, the Oswestry Disability Index scores significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Bone cement leakage occurred in 25 vertebral bodies, with an incidence of 39.7% (25/63). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that microwave ablation combined with vertebral augmentation under real-time temperature monitoring is a feasible, effective, and safe treatment for painful osteoblast spinal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Peishun Li
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Yunling Bai
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China
| | - Kaixian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou, China.
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Yang T, Ke J, Cheng S, He Y, Huang W, Yao M, Zhou J, Zhong G, Hu Y, Zhang Y. Clinical guidelines for microwave ablation of spinal metastases. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:1845-1854. [PMID: 36647941 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_655_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinal metastases are the most common source of morbidity in patients with cancer. Recently, microwave ablation has produced satisfactory results in the management of spinal metastases. However, there is still controversy in terms of clinical treatment, such as indication, power, time, and temperature. To standardize the application of microwave ablation technology and reduce the risk of surgical-related complications in spinal metastases, in this report, we aimed to summarize the current evidence and clinical experience of microwave ablation and developed a clinical guideline, initiated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Group of the Committee for Minimally Invasive Therapy in Oncology of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used in to rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations, and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) checklist was strictly followed to report the guideline. Finally, 15 evidence-based recommendations were formulated based on the 15 most concerned clinical questions among orthopedic surgeons, oncologists, and interventional radiologists in China. This guideline aims to promote the science-based normalization of microwave ablation for the treatment of spinal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Jielong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Bone Tumor, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
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Zhong G, Zeng L, He Y, Zeng X, Huang W, Yang T, Chu X, Xiao J, Yin D, Chang Y, Cheng S, Zhang Y. The effects of combined microwave ablation and open surgery for the treatment of lung cancer-derived thoracolumbar metastases. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1300-1308. [PMID: 35603553 PMCID: PMC9251282 DOI: 10.1111/os.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effects of microwave ablation (MWA) in addition to open surgery for the treatment of lung cancer-derived thoracolumbar metastases. METHODS This was a single-institution, retrospective, cohort study. From January 2019 to December 2020, a total of 47 patients with lung cancer-derived thoracolumbar metastases underwent posterior spinal canal decompression and fixation surgery in our hospital. Two independent surgical teams treated these patients. One group underwent open surgery combined with MWA therapy, while the other had open surgery only (control). The pre- and post-operative visual analog scale (VAS) scores and the overall survival (OS) were compared between the MWA and control groups. The Frankel Grade classification was applied for the evaluation of the post-surgical spinal cord function. Improvement was defined as an increase of at least one rank from the pre-operative scores. Each patient was evaluated pre- and post-operatively at 48 h, 1 month, and 3-month intervals. Data on surgical-related complications were recorded. RESULTS Thirty men and 17 women were included, with an average age of 57.9 ± 11.4 years (range, 26-81 years). Twenty-eight patients underwent MWA and were in the MWA group, and 19 patients were included in the control group. Post-operatively all patients were followed up regularly; the median follow-up time was 12 months (range, 3-24 months), and their median OS was 14 months. Patients in the MWA group had a lower VAS score than those in the control group at the 48-h (1.75 ± 1.01 vs 2.47 ± 0.96, P = 0.01) and 1-month (1.79 ± 0.92 vs 2.53 ± 1.35, P = 0.048) check-ups. At the 3-month evaluation, the VAS score differences between the two groups were not significant (P = 0.133). After surgery, spinal cord function improvement was not significantly different between the MWA and control groups (P = 0.515). MWA therapy combined with open surgery was not associated with increased OS compared with the control group (P = 0.492). CONCLUSION MWA can be an effective and safe pain-relief method but may not extend the OS of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Longhui Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yue He
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenhan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunbing Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
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Soza D, Pujol O, Lara Y, Castellanos S, Hernández A, Barro V. A comparative of a single novice surgeon's direct anterior approach and posterior approach learning curves in total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2022; 32:767-774. [PMID: 34129119 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-03039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to compare a novice surgeon's learning curves with the direct anterior approach and posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty. METHODS A consecutive series of 376 total hip arthroplasties performed from November 2014 to September 2019 in a level-one healthcare center by a single surgeon (V.B) were retrospectively studied. Demographic data, functional outcomes, and complications were collected and compared. RESULTS Within the ranks of the patients studied, we found differences between groups with respect to dislocation rate and length of stay; these were lower in the direct anterior approach (DAA) group. The approach was not associated with an increase in complications, but rather with a decrease in the rate of dislocations and better functional outcomes at 1-year follow-up. Operative time was initially higher with this approach, but equalized during the learning curve. CONCLUSION The DAA can be safe even in the early stages of a novice surgeon's learning curve. It does not present a higher complication rate than the posterior approach, either in infection rate or in periprosthetic fractures. However, the DAA may provide greater functionality, lower dislocation rate and a shorter hospital stay. It can also be concluded that after having performed a certain number of interventions, operative time for the DAA can be comparable to that of other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Soza
- Hip Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Departament de Cirurgia, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oriol Pujol
- Hip Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Departament de Cirurgia, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuri Lara
- Hip Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Departament de Cirurgia, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Castellanos
- Hip Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Departament de Cirurgia, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Hernández
- Hip Surgery Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Av. França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - Víctor Barro
- Hip Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Departament de Cirurgia, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Practice patterns in the United States for ablation of osseous tumors using Medicare claims analysis. Clin Imaging 2022; 83:172-176. [PMID: 35092925 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe national practice trends in bone radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation for osseous lesions by physician specialty and site-of-service from 2015 to 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used data from the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services public use files for 2015-2018. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for bone RFA (20982) and cryoablation (20983) were analyzed. Based on the specialty code, the specialty was sorted into five categories: radiology (diagnostic and interventional), orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, pain management (pain management, anesthesiology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and interventional pain management), and all others. Annual volume of billed services was additionally evaluated by site of service and provider specialty. RESULTS Aggregate claims dramatically increased from 2015 to 2018. The enrollment adjusted overall growth averaged 45.2.% year-over-year, strongly driven by growth in RFA. Annual market share for radiology decreased slightly from 80.6% to 73.3% with neurosurgery making the largest gain, increasing from 4.7% to 11.3% from 2015 to 2018. Clinical site-of-service analysis demonstrated that outpatient is the main site-of-service for ablation (62.7% cumulatively from 2015 to 2018). Growth rates of outpatient and inpatient services are about the same over this time. CONCLUSIONS There has been significant growth in osseous ablation between 2015 and 2018, with the growth dominated by Radiologists, although the overall growth rate and the market share of radiology are declining as the growth is outstripped by neurosurgery and orthopedics. Further consideration of these trends will be important for interventional radiologists to assure their involvement and expertise in ablation procedures.
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De Tommasi F, Massaroni C, Grasso RF, Carassiti M, Schena E. Temperature Monitoring in Hyperthermia Treatments of Bone Tumors: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5470. [PMID: 34450911 PMCID: PMC8400360 DOI: 10.3390/s21165470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases and osteoid osteoma (OO) have a high incidence in patients facing primary lesions in many organs. Radiotherapy has long been the standard choice for these patients, performed as stand-alone or in conjunction with surgery. However, the needs of these patients have never been fully met, especially in the ones with low life expectancy, where treatments devoted to pain reduction are pivotal. New techniques as hyperthermia treatments (HTs) are emerging to reduce the associated pain of bone metastases and OO. Temperature monitoring during HTs may significantly improve the clinical outcomes since the amount of thermal injury depends on the tissue temperature and the exposure time. This is particularly relevant in bone tumors due to the adjacent vulnerable structures (e.g., spinal cord and nerve roots). In this Review, we focus on the potential of temperature monitoring on HT of bone cancer. Preclinical and clinical studies have been proposed and are underway to investigate the use of different thermometric techniques in this scenario. We review these studies, the principle of work of the thermometric techniques used in HTs, their strengths, weaknesses, and pitfalls, as well as the strategies and the potential of improving the HTs outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Tommasi
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentations, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentations, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosario Francesco Grasso
- Unit of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Carassiti
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, School of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentations, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.T.); (C.M.)
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