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Kewcharoen J, Shah K, Bhardwaj R, Contractor T, Turagam MK, Mandapati R, Lakkireddy D, Garg J. New-generation electronic appliances and cardiac implantable electronic devices: a systematic literature review of mechanisms and in vivo studies. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01777-z. [PMID: 38443707 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) functions are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) from electromagnetic fields (EMF). Data on EMI risks from new-generation electronic appliances (EA) are limited. OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic literature review on the mechanisms of EMI, current evidence, and recently published trials evaluating the effect of EMF on CIEDs from electric vehicles (EV), smartphone, and smartwatch technology and summarize its safety data. METHODS Electronic databases, including PubMed and EMBASE, were searched for in vivo studies evaluating EMF strength and incidence between CIEDs and commercial EVs, new-generation smartphones, and new-generation smartwatches. RESULTS A total of ten studies (three on EVs, five on smartphones, one on smartphones, one on smartphones and smartwatches) were included in our systematic review. There was no report of EMI incidence associated with EVs or smartwatches. Magnet-containing smartphones (iPhone 12) can cause EMI when placed directly over CIEDs - thereby triggering the magnet mode; otherwise, no report of EMI was observed with other positions or smartphone models. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests CIED recipients are safe from general interaction with EVs/HEVs, smartphones, and smartwatches. Strictly, results may only be applied to commercial brands or models tested in the published studies. There is limited data on EMI risk from EVs wireless charging and smartphones with MagSafe technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakrin Kewcharoen
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Kuldeep Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, MercyOne Siouxland Heart and Vascular Center, Sioux City, IA, USA
| | - Rahul Bhardwaj
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Tahmeed Contractor
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Mohit K Turagam
- Helmsley Electrophysiology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravi Mandapati
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | | | - Jalaj Garg
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Stühlinger M, Burri H, Vernooy K, Garcia R, Lenarczyk R, Sultan A, Brunner M, Sabbag A, Özcan EE, Ramos JT, Di Stolfo G, Suleiman M, Tinhofer F, Aristizabal JM, Cakulev I, Eidelman G, Yeo WT, Lau DH, Mulpuru SK, Nielsen JC, Heinzel F, Prabhu M, Rinaldi CA, Sacher F, Guillen R, de Pooter J, Gandjbakhch E, Sheldon S, Prenner G, Mason PK, Fichtner S, Nitta T. EHRA consensus on prevention and management of interference due to medical procedures in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Europace 2022; 24:1512-1537. [PMID: 36228183 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Stühlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Haran Burri
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigue Garcia
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Radoslaw Lenarczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Disease and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center of Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
- Medical University of Silesia, Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Arian Sultan
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center at University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Brunner
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, St Josefskrankenhaus, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Avi Sabbag
- The Davidai Center for Rhythm Disturbances and Pacing, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Emin Evren Özcan
- Heart Rhythm Management Center, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Jorge Toquero Ramos
- Cardiac Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Cardiac Intensive Care and Arrhythmology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Suleiman
- Cardiology/Electrophysiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Ivan Cakulev
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gabriel Eidelman
- San Isidro's Central Hospital, Diagnóstico Maipú, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | - Wee Tiong Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Jens Cosedis Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mukundaprabhu Prabhu
- Associate Professor in Cardiology, In charge of EP Division, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Frederic Sacher
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raul Guillen
- Sanatorio Adventista del Plata, Del Plata Adventist University Entre Rios Argentina, Entre Rios, Argentina
| | - Jan de Pooter
- Professor of Cardiology, Ghent University, Deputy Head of Clinic, Heart Center UZ Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Estelle Gandjbakhch
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut de Cardiologie, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Seth Sheldon
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | - Pamela K Mason
- Director, Electrophysiology Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie Fichtner
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Campus Großhadern, München, Germany
| | - Takashi Nitta
- Emeritus Professor, Nippon Medical School, Presiding Consultant of Cardiology, Hanyu General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Babic MD, Tomovic M, Milosevic M, Djurdjevic B, Zugic V, Nikolic A. Inappropriate shock delivery as a result of electromagnetic interference originating from the faulty electrical installation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2022; 27:e12952. [PMID: 35467789 PMCID: PMC9484028 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case report of a 74‐year‐old male patient with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator who suffered an inappropriate defibrillation shock while bathing in the tub. Insight in the ICD stored electrogram episodes revealed electromagnetic interferences, with a typical 50 Hz electrical artifact mimicking fast ventricular tachycardia as a device misinterpreted. After this event, the maintenance workers investigated the electrical installation in the bathroom and revealed that there was voltage leaking between electrical installation and metal pipes. After the repair was completed without any additional programming, the patient has had no subsequent shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos D Babic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milosav Tomovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milosevic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vasko Zugic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia.,School Of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Gwag HB, Joh HS, Kim JS, Park KM, On YK, Park SJ. Safety of mechanical lung vibrator and high-frequency chest wall oscillation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic device. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:531-536. [PMID: 33590902 PMCID: PMC8027569 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a non-pharmacological therapy to facilitate airway secretion removal. There have been concerns about potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) and lead integrity problems during the use of vibrating CPT devices in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). HYPOTHESIS Two CPT devices can be used safely in patients with CIED. METHODS Volunteer patients with CIED underwent device interrogation to check lead integrity and device function before and after application of CPT devices. Mechanical lung vibrator and high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) vests were used while monitoring surface electrocardiograms and intra-cardiac electrograms. RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 46 patients with CIEDs (25 pacemakers, 15 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and six cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators). There was no noise detection or EMI during CPT in any patient. None of the patients showed clinically significant changes in lead integrity parameters. HFCWO inappropriately accelerated the pacing rate up to the maximal programmed value in five patients with pacemakers and two with cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators. CONCLUSION CPT may be safely applied to patients with CIED without compromising lead integrity or device function, except for unwanted increase in pacing rate caused by misdetection of chest wall vibration as patients' activity while using HFCWO. Deactivation of the accelerometer-based activity sensor may be needed when HFCWO is planned for CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Bin Gwag
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Joh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun On
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Driessen S, Napp A, Schmiedchen K, Kraus T, Stunder D. Electromagnetic interference in cardiac electronic implants caused by novel electrical appliances emitting electromagnetic fields in the intermediate frequency range: a systematic review. Europace 2020; 21:219-229. [PMID: 29992289 PMCID: PMC6365808 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the intermediate frequency (IF) range are generated by many novel electrical appliances, including electric vehicles, radiofrequency identification systems, induction hobs, or energy supply systems, such as wireless charging systems. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the IF range (1 kHz-1 MHz). Additionally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of studies used to investigate EMI. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement, we collected and evaluated studies examining EMI in in vivo studies, in vitro studies (phantom studies, benchmark tests), and simulation studies. Our analysis revealed that cardiac implants are susceptible to malfunction induced by EMF in the IF range. Electromagnetic interference may in particular be provoked by security systems and induction hobs. The results of the studies evaluated in this systematic review further indicate that the likelihood for EMI is dependent on exposure-related parameters (field strength, frequency, and modulation) and on implant- as well as on lead-related parameters (model, type of implant, implant sensitivity setting, lead configuration, and implantation site). The review shows that the factors influencing EMI are not sufficiently characterized and EMF limit values for CIED patients cannot be derived yet. Future studies should therefore, consider exposure-related parameters as well as implant- and lead-related parameters systematically. Additionally, worst-case scenarios should be considered in all study types where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Driessen
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu), Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Napp
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Schmiedchen
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu), Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu), Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Stunder
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu), Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
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Napp A, Kolb C, Lennerz C, Bauer W, Schulz-Menger J, Kraus T, Marx N, Stunder D. Elektromagnetische Interferenz von aktiven Herzrhythmusimplantaten im Alltag und im beruflichen Umfeld. DER KARDIOLOGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12181-019-0335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Stadtmüller K. [Not Available]. PRAXIS 2017; 106:883-886. [PMID: 28795632 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Aktive medizinische Implantate werden immer weniger störanfällig gegenüber elektromagnetischen Feldern in der üblichen Lebensumwelt. In der Arbeitswelt gibt es jedoch kritische Bereiche. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass betreuende Kardiologen und Grundversorger aufgrund der konservativen Warnhinweise der Hersteller Implantateträgern von einer Erwerbstätigkeit abraten, die bei genauer individueller Prüfung durchaus kompatibel wäre. Dieser Beitrag versucht einfache Hinweise zu geben, damit Träger von Implantaten bei Unsicherheiten bei diesem durchaus komplexen Sachverhalt einer korrekten Abklärung zugeführt werden können. Arbeitnehmer, Arbeitgeber und versorgende Medizinalpersonen können mehr Sicherheit gewinnen.
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Guag J, Addissie B, Witters D. Personal medical electronic devices and walk-through metal detector security systems: assessing electromagnetic interference effects. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:33. [PMID: 28320451 PMCID: PMC5359895 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been concerns that Electromagnetic security systems such as walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs) can potentially cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) in certain active medical devices including implantable cardiac pacemakers and implantable neurostimulators. Incidents of EMI between WTMDs and active medical devices also known as personal medical electronic devices (PMED) continue to be reported. This paper reports on emission measurements of sample WTMDs and testing of 20 PMEDs in a WTMD simulation system. Methods Magnetic fields from sample WTMD systems were characterized for emissions and exposure of certain PMEDs. A WTMD simulator system designed and evaluated by FDA in previous studies was used to mimic the PMED exposures to the waveform from sample WTMDs. The simulation system allows for controlled PMED exposure enabling careful study with adjustable magnetic field strengths and exposure duration, and provides flexibility for PMED exposure at elevated levels in order to study EMI effects on the PMED. The PMED samples consisted of six implantable cardiac pacemakers, six implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), five implantable neurostimulators, and three insulin pumps. Each PMED was exposed in the simulator to the sample WTMD waveforms using methods based on appropriate consensus test standards for each of the device type. Results Testing the sample PMEDs using the WTMD simulator revealed EMI effects on two implantable pacemakers and one implantable neurostimulator for exposure field strength comparable to actual WTMD field strength. The observed effects were transient and the PMEDs returned to pre-exposure operation within a few seconds after removal from the simulated WTMD exposure fields. No EMI was observed for the sample ICDs or insulin pumps. Conclusion The findings are consistent with earlier studies where certain sample PMEDs exhibited EMI effects. Clinical implications were not addressed in this study. Additional studies are needed to evaluate potential PMED EMI susceptibilities over a broader range of security systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Guag
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, White Oak Building 62 Room 1131, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Bisrat Addissie
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, White Oak Building 62 Room 1131, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Donald Witters
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, White Oak Building 62 Room 1131, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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Seckler T, Stunder D, Schikowsky C, Joosten S, Zink MD, Kraus T, Marx N, Napp A. Effect of lead position and orientation on electromagnetic interference in patients with bipolar cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Europace 2017; 19:319-328. [PMID: 28173083 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Electromagnetic interferences (EMIs) with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are associated with potential risk for patients. Studies imply that CIED sensitivity setting and lead's tip-to-ring spacing determine the susceptibility of CIEDs with bipolar leads to electric and magnetic fields (EMFs); however, little is known about additional decisive parameters affecting EMI of CIEDs. We therefore investigated the influence of different patient-, device-, and lead-depending variables on EMIs in 160 patients. Methods and Results We ran numerical simulations with human models to determine lead-depending variables on the risk of EMI by calculating the voltage induced in bipolar leads from 50/60 Hz EMF. We then used the simulation results and analysed 26 different patient-, device-, and lead-depending variables with respect to the EMI threshold of 160 CIED patients. Our analyses revealed that a horizontal orientation and a medial position of the bipolar lead's distal end (lead-tip) are most beneficial for CIED patients to reduce the risk of EMI. In addition, the effect of CIED sensitivity setting and lead's tip-to-ring spacing was confirmed. Conclusion Our data suggest that in addition to the established influencing factors, a medial position of the lead-tip for the right ventricular lead as achievable at the interventricular septum and a horizontal orientation of the lead-tip can reduce the risk of EMI. In the right atrium, a horizontal orientation of the lead-tip should generally be striven independent of the chosen position. Still important to consider remains a good intrinsic sensing amplitude during implant procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Seckler
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Stunder
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Schikowsky
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Joosten
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,German Social Accident Insurance Institution for Energy, Textile, Electrical and Media Products Sector (BG ETEM), Köln, Germany
| | - Matthias Daniel Zink
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Napp
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Parthaje PM, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Kumar N, Panikulam EJ, Geroge E, Pai P, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Darshan BB, Kumar A, Mehta R, Jay R. Perceptions and knowledge toward mobile-health among the college going students in Coastal South India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2016; 7:75-9. [PMID: 27003975 PMCID: PMC4780173 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.175078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Among the manifold uses of mobile phones, mobile-health (mHealth) has been an important one, which is the practice of public health initiatives by awareness raising and communication campaigns. Optimum utilization of mHealth is possible only through adequate awareness. Hence, we aimed to study the perceptions and knowledge about mHealth among college going students in Mangalore, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2014 among 627 students in selected engineering (302 students) and medical colleges (325 students) in Mangalore, India. Colleges were selected using convenience sampling (nonrandom) method. Data were collected using semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed. Results: Overall, 48.9% were males, 61.4% belonged to 18-20 years age group. The awareness about mobile phone health utilities among medical and engineering students was found to be similar. Among those who were aware of the concept of mHealth (74 [11.2%]), 40 (54.1%) were medical students. Marginally higher proportion of medical students felt mHealth could be helpful in protecting the patients’ confidentiality and would help in better communication with the patients. Conclusion: There was high level of general awareness about mHealth among the subjects. However, many specific areas had limited knowledge among both the streams of students, hence highlighting the need for increasing awareness and sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Mithra Parthaje
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Elizabeth Josy Panikulam
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Elina Geroge
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prajwal Pai
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhagwan Bhagyamma Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohil Mehta
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ratna Jay
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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11
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Electromagnetic interference in implantable cardioverter defibrillators: present but rare. Clin Res Cardiol 2016; 105:657-665. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-016-0965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Korpinen L, Kuisti H, Tarao H, Virtanen V, Pääkkönen R, Dovan T, Kavet R. Possible Influences of Spark Discharges on Cardiac Pacemakers. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 110:1-10. [PMID: 26606060 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to spark discharges may occur beneath high voltage transmission lines when contact is initiated with a conductive object (such as a motor vehicle) with the spark discharge mediated by the ambient electric field from the line. The objective of this study was to assess whether such exposures could interfere with the normal functioning of implanted cardiac pacemakers (PMs). The experiment consisted of PMs implanted in a human-sized phantom and then exposed to spark discharge through an upper extremity. A circuit was designed that produced spark discharges between two spherical electrodes fed to the phantom's left hand. The circuit was set to deliver a single discharge per half cycle (every 10 ms) about 10 μs in duration with a peak current of 1.2-1.3 A, thus simulating conditions under a 400-kV power line operating at 50 Hz. Of 29 PMs acquired, all were tested in unipolar configuration and 20 in bipolar configuration with exposure consisting of 2 min of continuous exposure (one unit was exposed for 1 min). No interference was observed in bipolar configuration. One unit in unipolar configuration incorrectly identified ventricular extra systoles (more than 400 beats min(-1)) for 2 s. The use of unipolar configuration in new implants is extremely rare, thus further minimizing the risk of interference with the passage of time. Replication of this study and, if safety for human subjects can be assured, future testing of human subjects is also advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Korpinen
- *Environmental Health, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; †Fingrid Oyj, Helsinki, Finland; ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan; §The Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; **Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland; ††SP AusNet, Australia; ‡‡Electric Power Research Institute, United States
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Napp A, Stunder D, Maytin M, Kraus T, Marx N, Driessen S. Are patients with cardiac implants protected against electromagnetic interference in daily life and occupational environment? Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1798-804. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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