1
|
Sane M, Annukka M, Toni J, Elina P, Charlotte A, Eeva T, Leena K, Pekka R, Jarkko K. Real-life data on the workload of cardiac implantable electronic device remote monitoring in a large tertiary center. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1109-1115. [PMID: 37486912 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and implantable loop recorders (ILR) are increasingly monitored by systems allowing remote transmission of data from the patient to the hospital. Remote monitoring (RM) has been shown to increase patient satisfaction and safety. However, real-life data on the number and causes of the RM transmissions, and actions initiated by them are scarce. METHODS A total of 3446 patients with CIED and 92 patients with ILR were included in the study. Data on the number of alerts, scheduled and patient-initiated transmissions as well as the causes and actions initiated by the transmissions were systematically collected from March 1 to December 30, 2022. The data was subdivided by the device type. RESULTS During the study period 7087 remote CIED and 1212 ILR transmissions were generated, (0.2 and 1.3 per patient per month), respectively. Of these transmissions 49% (4084) were automatic alerts, and 29% (2434) and 22% (1781) were scheduled and patient initiated, respectively. Most of the CIED alerts (73%) and the scheduled transmissions (90%) were nonactionable, and only 7% and 5% led to in-office follow-up, respectively. Off all ILR alerts (1011) PM implantation was scheduled to 11 patients. CONCLUSIONS RM transmissions were common, but most of them were nonactionable. These real-life findings indicate that detailed analysis of the causes of the RM transmissions is important for optimization of the remote follow-up workload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sane
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjamaa Annukka
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jäntti Toni
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pennanen Elina
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aura Charlotte
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torvinen Eeva
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karjalainen Leena
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raatikainen Pekka
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karvonen Jarkko
- Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shirwaiker A, William J, Mariani JA, Kistler PM, Patel HC, Voskoboinik A. Long-Term Implications of Pacemaker Insertion in Younger Adults: A Single Centre Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:993-998. [PMID: 35219598 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term implications of pacemaker insertion in younger adults are poorly described in the literature. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive younger adult patients (18-50 yrs) undergoing pacemaker implantation at a quaternary hospital between 1986-2020. Defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation therapy devices were excluded. All clinical records, pacemaker checks and echocardiograms were reviewed. RESULTS Eighty-one (81) patients (median age 41.0 yrs IQR=35-47.0, 53% male) underwent pacemaker implantation. Indications were complete heart block (41%), sinus node dysfunction (33%), high grade AV block (11%) and tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome (7%). During a median 7.9 (IQR=1.1-14.9) years follow-up, nine patients (11%) developed 13 late device-related complications (generator or lead malfunction requiring reoperation [n=11], device infection [n=1] and pocket revision [n=1]). Five (5) of these patients were <40 years old at time of pacemaker insertion. At long-term follow-up, a further nine patients (11%) experienced pacemaker-related morbidity from inadequate lead performance managed with device reprogramming. Sustained ventricular tachycardia was detected in two patients (2%). Deterioration in ventricular function (LVEF decline >10%) was observed in 14 patients (17%) and seven of these patients required subsequent biventricular upgrade. Furthermore, four patients (5%) developed new tricuspid regurgitation (>moderate-severe). Of 69 patients with available long-term pacing data, minimal pacemaker utilisation (pacing <5% at all checks) was observed in 13 (19%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Pacemaker insertion in younger adults has significant long-term implications. Clinicians should carefully consider pacemaker insertion in this cohort given risk of device-related complications, potential for device under-utilisation and issues related to lead longevity. In addition, patients require close follow-up for development of structural abnormalities and arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin A Mariani
- Heart Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Peter M Kistler
- Heart Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Hitesh C Patel
- Heart Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Aleksandr Voskoboinik
- Heart Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Outcomes of Patients Who Have Incidental Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Identified on Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Interrogation. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is an arrhythmia prevalent in both structurally normal and abnormal hearts. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective clinical audit of patients followed-up in a device clinic with one or more incidental NSVT episodes recorded on their device between November 2017 and August 2018 and followed up patients for outcomes until January 2019. Results: A total of 83 patients were included in the analysis with one or more episodes of NSVT on device interrogation. Those identified to have NSVT were more likely to be male (74.7%) and there was a mean of 14.2 beats per episode and a mean of 3.7 episodes for each patient. Only 24.7% of patients had electrolytes checked within 4 weeks of episode detection and 18.3% had an echocardiogram post-episode. The majority of patients (73.5%) were followed up again in the pacing clinic but had no changes in medication, or other management implemented. In terms of outcomes, 81.7% of patients had no admission to hospital, mortality, or shock during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Most patients who developed NSVT did not have an extra follow-up, medication review, or investigation. Despite this, outcomes such as admission, shock, or death were uncommon.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosoda J, Ishikawa T, Matsumoto K, Kiyokuni M, Taguchi Y, Narikawa M, Hibi K, Sugano T, Ishigami T, Tamura K, Kimura K. Significance of Ventricular Arrhythmia Based on Stored Electrogram Analysis in a Pacemaker Population. Int Heart J 2020; 61:922-926. [PMID: 32921670 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with an implanted pacemaker is not yet known. The aim of this study was to analyze non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) episodes based on stored electrograms (EGM) and determine the occurrence rate and risk factors for NSVT in a pacemaker population.This study included 302 consecutive patients with a dual-chamber pacemaker. A total of 1024 EGMs stored in pacemakers as ventricular high-rate episodes were analyzed. The definition of NSVT was ≥ 5 consecutive ventricular beats at ≥ 150 bpm lasting < 30 seconds.In baseline, most patients (94.8%) had ≥ 60% left ventricular ejection fraction. Of 1024 EGMs, 420 (41.0%) showed appropriate NSVT episodes, as well as premature atrial contractions, atrial tachyarrhythmia, or atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response, whereas other EGMs did not show an actual ventricular arrhythmia. On EGM analysis, during a mean follow-up period of 46.1 months, NSVT occurred one or more times in 82 patients (33.1%). On multivariate analysis, ≥ 50% right ventricular pacing was an independent risk factor for NSVT (odds ratios, 4.519; P < 0.001), but NSVT was not associated with increased all-cause mortality.Moreover, in the pacemaker population, ≥ 50% right ventricular pacing is an independent risk factor for NSVT; however, NSVT was not associated with increased all-cause mortality because of the preserved left ventricular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hosoda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Katsumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masayoshi Kiyokuni
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuka Taguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masatoshi Narikawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Teruyasu Sugano
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuo Kimura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bencardino G, Spera FR, Pinnacchio G, Perna F, Narducci ML, Comerci G, Pelargonio G, Gabrielli FA, La Rosa G, Lanza GA, Crea F. Prognostic significance of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on stored electrograms in pacemaker recipients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225059. [PMID: 31730671 PMCID: PMC6857919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the prognostic significance of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NS-VT) in outpatients scheduled for routine pacemaker controls. We therefore sought to investigate the prognostic significance of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on stored electrograms in pacemaker recipients. Methods We enrolled patients implanted with dual chamber pacemaker for atrioventricular block or sinus node dysfunction from 2010 to 2016, with LVEF> 45%, older than 18 years, with at least 3 device interrogations at follow-up. Data were collected about medical history, pharmacological therapy at implantation, pacemaker programming, NS-VT occurrence, long-term survival. Results A total of 308 patients were included in the final analysis, with median follow-up time of 56 months. No ventricular arrhythmic episodes were documented in 221 patients (Group 1), whereas 87 had at least 1 episode of NS-VT during follow-up (Group 2). As a whole, 282 episodes of NS-VT were documented. There was a higher prevalence of previous myocardial infarction and slightly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in Group 2. The primary endpoint (all-cause mortality) occurred in 50 patients (22%) of Group 1 and 12 (14%) patients of Group 2 (p = 0.07). Clinical predictors of all-cause mortality at univariate analysis included age, LVEF and coronary artery disease (CAD). Only age and CAD, however, remained as predictors of mortality at multivariable analysis. A sizeable, but not statistically significant, portion of patients who died had a de novo occurrence of NS-VT at the last pacemaker check. Conclusion Our data do not support a prognostic role for the detection of NS-VT during pacemaker controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Bencardino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesco Raffaele Spera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pinnacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Perna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Narducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Comerci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gemma Pelargonio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Augusta Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Antonio Lanza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deshpande SA, Udyavar A. High-rate episodes with simultaneous atrial and ventricular activation in a patient with permanent pacemaker implantation for complete heart block. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2019; 6:67-71. [PMID: 32099792 PMCID: PMC7026541 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Ajit Deshpande
- Department of Cardiology, Jag Jivan Ram Western Railway Hospital, Mumbai, India,Address reprint request and correspondence: Dr Saurabh Ajit Deshpande, Department of CTVS (medicine), Jag Jivan Ram Western Railway Hospital, M Marg, RBI Staff Colony, Mumbai Central, Mumbai – 400008, Maharashtra state, India.
| | - Ameya Udyavar
- Department of Cardiology, P D Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poli S, Facchin D, Rizzetto F, Rebellato L, Daleffe E, Toniolo M, Miconi A, Altinier A, Lanera C, Indrigo S, Comisso J, Proclemer A. Prognostic role of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia detected with remote interrogation in a pacemaker population. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 22:92-95. [PMID: 30671534 PMCID: PMC6327066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) can occur asymptomatically and can be incidentally detected in the internal records of pacemakers (PM). The clinical value of NSVT in the population of PM patients is still uncertain. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of NSVT detected by remote PM control, to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with NSVT, and to assess the prognostic significance of NSVT in terms of both overall and cardiovascular mortality. Methods Consecutive patients followed with PM remote interrogations from September 2010 to December 2015 were included. The transmissions pertaining to the first 12 months of remote control were analysed and the patients were divided by those presenting NSVT and those without NSVT. The two groups were compared in terms of total mortality and cardiovascular mortality based on the administrative data provided by the regional administration of the Italian National Health System. Results The prevalence of NSVT in 408 patients (62% males, mean age 75.6; SD 10.6 years old) was 21% in a year. During a mean follow-up duration of 44 months, NSVT did not emerge as independently associated with overall mortality, but was associated with cardiovascular mortality in a competing risk regression model with older age, male gender, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, ischemic cardiomyopathy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions We show that NSVT episodes recorded by remote control in a PM population are independently associated with cardiovascular mortality with possible implications for risk stratification and therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jamil HA, Mohammed SA, Gierula J, Paton MF, Lowry JE, Cubbon RM, Kearney MT, Witte KK. Prognostic Significance of Incidental Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia Detected on Pacemaker Interrogation. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:409-413. [PMID: 30473328 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardia is a life threatening arrhythmia requiring prompt treatment. However, the risk associated with asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) detected on routine permanent pacemaker (PPM) interrogation in patients with known cardiac conduction disease is unknown. Our aim is to determine if asymptomatic NSVT detected on PPM interrogation is associated with increased mortality. As part of a prospective observational cohort study, 582 patients with long-term pacemakers were recruited at a tertiary cardiac centre, and followed for 4 ± 1.96 years (mean ± standard deviation). At each subsequent pacemaker check, any symptoms and ventricular high-rate episodes were recorded. We excluded 17 patients due to incomplete data. In the remaining 565 patients (57% male, age 74.5 ± 19.2 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 50.0 ± 11.3%), NSVT was found in 125 (22.1%) patients with a higher prevalence in males (65% vs 54%; p = 0.033). Those with NSVT were more likely to have had coronary artery disease (p = 0) or previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.015). After correction for baseline variables, NSVT had no impact on survival (n = 52 [42%] vs n = 162 [37%]; log-rank p = 0.331, hazard ratio: 0.927, 95% confidence interval: 0.678 to 1.268, p = 0.697). In conclusion, asymptomatic NSVT identified on PPM interrogation does not appear to be associated with increased mortality, thus whether treatment to suppress this arrhythmia is of benefit remains unproven.
Collapse
|
9
|
Long term follow-up of patients with ventricular high rate events detected on remote monitoring of pacemakers. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2018; 19:92-97. [PMID: 30576744 PMCID: PMC6531667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Previous data suggest ventricular high rate episodes (VHREs) on pacemakers are frequent and not associated with overall mortality on short term follow up. We sought to determine whether VHREs are associated with mortality, device upgrade, or change in ejection fraction on long term follow up. Methods A single center, retrospective study was performed on 542 patients with permanent pacemakers followed between 2011 and 2013. Follow-up was extended to 2017 for determination of long term outcomes. “True” VHREs were defined as episodes adjudicated to be due to non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on review of electrograms and “false” VHREs were defined as supraventricular arrhythmias or noise. Results VHRE occurred in 202(37.2%)/542 included patients. True VHRE was detected in 148(27.3%) while 54(10%) had false VHRE. The mean age of the population was 72 ± 15 years and 46% were women. Mean follow-up was 3.3 ± 1.4 years. The baseline characteristics of the true, false and no VHRE patients were similar. There was no difference in all-cause mortality between groups (27% mortality in true VHRE, 33% in false VHRE and 29% in no VHRE). Furthermore, there was no difference between groups with regards to any device upgrade (5% any upgrades in the VHRE, 9% in false VHRE and 5% in no VHRE.) On follow up, EF declined in all groups: −4% vs −2.4% vs −3.5% for true, false and no VHRE. Conclusion VHRE are frequently encountered on remote monitoring of pacemakers and not associated with increased risk of mortality or need for downstream device upgrade.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamihara T, Yasuma F, Murohara T. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia does not affect the prognosis of neuromuscular diseases: A preliminary and retrospective study. J Arrhythm 2018; 34:254-260. [PMID: 29951140 PMCID: PMC6009987 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is sometimes observed in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). The aim of this study was to assess the role of NSVT in the survival prognosis of NMD patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the patients with NMDs who had undergone Holter ECG recordings at a single center between February and August 2012. Sixty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. The 5 year follow-up was assessed according to the cumulative event-free rate. RESULTS Twenty-one patients died during the follow-up, seven of whom died by cardiac death. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve that compared the patients with NSVT and those without NSVT indicated the NSVT was not related to the rate of all causes of death or cardiac death in those patients with NMDs. The survival curve was not significantly changed after the adjustment by age and ejection fraction. CONCLUSION No significant correlations between NSVT and the prognosis in patients with NMDs were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|