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Silva LEV, Moreira HT, de Oliveira MM, Cintra LSS, Salgado HC, Fazan R, Tinós R, Rassi A, Schmidt A, Marin-Neto JA. Heart rate variability as a biomarker in patients with Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy with or without concomitant digestive involvement and its relationship with the Rassi score. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:44. [PMID: 35765063 PMCID: PMC9241264 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysautonomia plays an ancillary role in the pathogenesis of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC), but is the key factor causing digestive organic involvement. We investigated the ability of heart rate variability (HRV) for death risk stratification in CCC and compared alterations of HRV in patients with isolated CCC and in those with the mixed form (CCC + digestive involvement). Thirty-one patients with CCC were classified into three risk groups (low, intermediate and high) according to their Rassi score. A single-lead ECG was recorded for a period of 10–20 min, RR series were generated and 31 HRV indices were calculated. The HRV was compared among the three risk groups and regarding the associated digestive involvement. Four machine learning models were created to predict the risk class of patients. Results Phase entropy is decreased and the percentage of inflection points is increased in patients from the high-, compared to the low-risk group. Fourteen patients had the mixed form, showing decreased triangular interpolation of the RR histogram and absolute power at the low-frequency band. The best predictive risk model was obtained by the support vector machine algorithm (overall F1-score of 0.61). Conclusions The mixed form of Chagas' disease showed a decrease in the slow HRV components. The worst prognosis in CCC is associated with increased heart rate fragmentation. The combination of HRV indices enhanced the accuracy of risk stratification. In patients with the mixed form of Chagas disease, a higher degree of sympathetic autonomic denervation may be associated with parasympathetic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Eduardo Virgilio Silva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Turin Moreira
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Madureira de Oliveira
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Lorena Sayore Suzumura Cintra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Tinós
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - André Schmidt
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - J Antônio Marin-Neto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil.
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Gonçalves AJ, Braga MVA, Santana PH, Resende LAPR, da Silva VJD, Correia D. Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-positive patients on two different antiretroviral therapy regimens. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1022. [PMID: 34587909 PMCID: PMC8482565 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in HIV+ patients on different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens has been described. We aimed to characterize parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and correlate with different classes of ART in HIV+ patients in three experimental conditions: rest, cold face, and tilt tests. Methods Cross-sectional study with three groups of age- and gender-matched individuals: group 1, 44 HIV+ patients undergoing combination therapy, with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI); group 2, 42 HIV+ patients using two NRTI and protease inhibitors (PI’s); and group 3, 35 healthy volunteers with negative HIV serology (control group). Autonomic function at rest and during cold face- and tilt-tests was assessed through computerized analysis of HRV, via quantification of time- and frequency domains by linear and non-linear parameters in the three groups. Results Anthropometric and clinical parameters were similar between both HIV groups, except CD4+ T lymphocytes, which were significantly lower in group 2 (p = 0.039). At baseline, time-domain linear HRV parameters, RMSSD and pNN50, and the correlation dimension, a non-linear HRV parameter (p < 0.001; p = 0.018; p = 0.019, respectively), as well as response of RMSSD to cold face test were also lower in the HIV+ group than in the control individuals (p < 0.001), while no differences among groups were detected in HRV parameters during the tilt test. Conclusions Despite ART regimens, HIV+ patients presented lower cardiac vagal modulation than controls, whereas no difference was observed among the HIV groups, suggesting that higher cardiovascular risk linked to PIs may be associated with factors other than autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson José Gonçalves
- Infectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Getúlio Guaritá, 430, Bairro Nossa Senhora da Abadia, PO Box: 118, Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, CEP: 38025-350, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Physiology Division, Biological Science Department, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Dalmo Correia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Getúlio Guaritá, 430, Bairro Nossa Senhora da Abadia, PO Box: 118, Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, CEP: 38025-350, Brazil.
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Silva LEV, Moreira HT, Bernardo MMM, Schmidt A, Romano MMD, Salgado HC, Fazan R, Tinós R, Marin-Neto JA. Prediction of echocardiographic parameters in Chagas disease using heart rate variability and machine learning. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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