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Watts A, Sankaranarayanan S, Watts A, Raipuria RK. Optimizing protein expression in heterologous system: Strategies and tools. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Rottet S, Förster B, Hee WY, Rourke LM, Price GD, Long BM. Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727118. [PMID: 34531888 PMCID: PMC8438413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous synthesis of a biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in plant chloroplasts offers significant potential to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants and could translate into substantial increases in crop yield. In organisms utilizing a biophysical CCM, this mechanism efficiently surrounds a high turnover rate Rubisco with elevated CO2 concentrations to maximize carboxylation rates. A critical feature of both native biophysical CCMs and one engineered into a C3 plant chloroplast is functional bicarbonate (HCO3 -) transporters and vectorial CO2-to-HCO3 - converters. Engineering strategies aim to locate these transporters and conversion systems to the C3 chloroplast, enabling elevation of HCO3 - concentrations within the chloroplast stroma. Several CCM components have been identified in proteobacteria, cyanobacteria, and microalgae as likely candidates for this approach, yet their successful functional expression in C3 plant chloroplasts remains elusive. Here, we discuss the challenges in expressing and regulating functional HCO3 - transporter, and CO2-to-HCO3 - converter candidates in chloroplast membranes as an essential step in engineering a biophysical CCM within plant chloroplasts. We highlight the broad technical and physiological concerns which must be considered in proposed engineering strategies, and present our current status of both knowledge and knowledge-gaps which will affect successful engineering outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rottet
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Britta Förster
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Wei Yih Hee
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Loraine M. Rourke
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - G. Dean Price
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Benedict M. Long
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Budeguer F, Enrique R, Perera MF, Racedo J, Castagnaro AP, Noguera AS, Welin B. Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:768609. [PMID: 34858464 PMCID: PMC8632530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a tropical and sub-tropical, vegetative-propagated crop that contributes to approximately 80% of the sugar and 40% of the world's biofuel production. Modern sugarcane cultivars are highly polyploid and aneuploid hybrids with extremely large genomes (>10 Gigabases), that have originated from artificial crosses between the two species, Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum. The genetic complexity and low fertility of sugarcane under natural growing conditions make traditional breeding improvement extremely laborious, costly and time-consuming. This, together with its vegetative propagation, which allows for stable transfer and multiplication of transgenes, make sugarcane a good candidate for crop improvement through genetic engineering. Genetic transformation has the potential to improve economically important properties in sugarcane as well as diversify sugarcane beyond traditional applications, such as sucrose production. Traits such as herbicide, disease and insect resistance, improved tolerance to cold, salt and drought and accumulation of sugar and biomass have been some of the areas of interest as far as the application of transgenic sugarcane is concerned. Although there have been much interest in developing transgenic sugarcane there are only three officially approved varieties for commercialization, all of them expressing insect-resistance and recently released in Brazil. Since the early 1990's, different genetic transformation systems have been successfully developed in sugarcane, including electroporation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biobalistics. However, genetic transformation of sugarcane is a very laborious process, which relies heavily on intensive and sophisticated tissue culture and plant generation procedures that must be optimized for each new genotype to be transformed. Therefore, it remains a great technical challenge to develop an efficient transformation protocol for any sugarcane variety that has not been previously transformed. Additionally, once a transgenic event is obtained, molecular studies required for a commercial release by regulatory authorities, which include transgene insertion site, number of transgenes and gene expression levels, are all hindered by the genomic complexity and the lack of a complete sequenced reference genome for this crop. The objective of this review is to summarize current techniques and state of the art in sugarcane transformation and provide information on existing and future sugarcane improvement by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Budeguer
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Ramón Enrique
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - María Francisca Perera
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Josefina Racedo
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Atilio Pedro Castagnaro
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
- Centro Cientifico Tecnológico (CCT) CONICET NOA Sur, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Aldo Sergio Noguera
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Bjorn Welin
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Bjorn Welin,
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Thagun C, Motoda Y, Kigawa T, Kodama Y, Numata K. Simultaneous introduction of multiple biomacromolecules into plant cells using a cell-penetrating peptide nanocarrier. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18844-18856. [PMID: 32896843 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04718j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells contain groups of biomolecules that participate together in a particular biological process. Exogenous codelivery of multiple biomolecules is an essential step for elucidation of the biological significance of these molecules and enables various biotechnological applications in plants. However, the currently existing biomolecule delivery methods face difficulties in delivering multiple components into plant cells, mediating transgene expression, and maintaining the stability of the numerous components and lead to delays in biomolecular function. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities to introduce diverse biomolecules into various plant species. Here, we employed the engineered CPP KH9-BP100 as a carrier to deliver multiple biomolecules into plant cells and performed a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to assess the simultaneous introduction of multiple biomolecules. We demonstrate that multiple biomolecule/CPP cargos can be simultaneously internalized by a particular plant cell, albeit with different efficiencies. We present a cutting-edge technique for codelivery of multiple biomolecules into plant cells that can be used for elucidation of functional correlations and for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonprakun Thagun
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Eseverri Á, López‐Torrejón G, Jiang X, Burén S, Rubio LM, Caro E. Use of synthetic biology tools to optimize the production of active nitrogenase Fe protein in chloroplasts of tobacco leaf cells. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1882-1896. [PMID: 31985876 PMCID: PMC7415783 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The generation of nitrogen fixing crops is considered a challenge that could lead to a new agricultural 'green' revolution. Here, we report the use of synthetic biology tools to achieve and optimize the production of active nitrogenase Fe protein (NifH) in the chloroplasts of tobacco plants. Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogen fixation genes, nifH, M, U and S, were re-designed for protein accumulation in tobacco cells. Targeting to the chloroplast was optimized by screening and identifying minimal length transit peptides performing properly for each specific Nif protein. Putative peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NifM proved necessary for NifH solubility in the stroma. Purified NifU, a protein involved in the biogenesis of NifH [4Fe-4S] cluster, was found functional in NifH reconstitution assays. Importantly, NifH purified from tobacco chloroplasts was active in the reduction of acetylene to ethylene, with the requirement of nifU and nifS co-expression. These results support the suitability of chloroplasts to host functional nitrogenase proteins, paving the way for future studies in the engineering of nitrogen fixation in higher plant plastids and describing an optimization pipeline that could also be used in other organisms and in the engineering of new metabolic pathways in plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Eseverri
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and GenomicsInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Gema López‐Torrejón
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and GenomicsInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Ve ge talEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaría y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Xi Jiang
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and GenomicsInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Stefan Burén
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and GenomicsInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Luis M. Rubio
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and GenomicsInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Ve ge talEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaría y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Elena Caro
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and GenomicsInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Ve ge talEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaría y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
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Naini R, Pavankumar P, Prabhakar S, Kancha RK, Rao KV, Reddy VD. Evolvement of nutraceutical onion plants engineered for resveratrol biosynthetic pathway. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1127-1137. [PMID: 31154513 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered onion expressing codon-optimized VvSTS1 gene accumulated stilbenes and extended life span in yeast and can serve as potential nutraceutical. Resveratrol (RV) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in certain plant species including grapes. RV is well known for its nutraceutical properties and to assuage several disease conditions. Onion is the second most consumed vegetable worldwide and contains large quantities of precursor molecules, malonyl-CoA and para-coumaroyl-CoA that are needed for RV biosynthesis. The present study reports the development of nutraceutical onion by engineering RV biosynthetic pathway. A codon-optimized grapevine synthetic stilbene synthase gene (VvSTS1) was synthesized using native grapevine sequence. Six-week-old healthy yellowish compact nodular calli were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring pCAMBIA1300-hpt II-CaMV35S-VvSTS1-nos. PCR analysis revealed the presence of VvSTS1 and hpt II genes in putative transgenics. Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of VvSTS1 gene and independent nature of transformants. LC-ESI-HRMS analysis revealed the accumulation of variable quantities of RV (24.98-50.18 µg/g FW) and its glycosylated form polydatin (33.6-67.15 µg/g FW) in both leaves and bulbs, respectively, indicating the successful engineering of RV biosynthetic pathway into onion. The transgenic onion bulb extracts extended the life span in haploid yeast. The transgenic onion accumulating RV and polydatin, developed for the first of its kind, may serve as a potential nutraceutical resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Naini
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - P Pavankumar
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Acadamy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Prabhakar
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Acadamy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rama Krishna Kancha
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | | | - Vudem Dashavantha Reddy
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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Hitzeroth II, Chabeda A, Whitehead MP, Graf M, Rybicki EP. Optimizing a Human Papillomavirus Type 16 L1-Based Chimaeric Gene for Expression in Plants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:101. [PMID: 30062095 PMCID: PMC6054922 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of cervical cancer, the fourth most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. The major capsid protein L1 self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs), even in the absence of the minor L2 protein: such VLPs have successfully been used as prophylactic vaccines. There remains a need, however, to develop cheaper vaccines that protect against a wider range of HPV types. The use of all or parts of the L2 minor capsid protein can potentially address this issue, as it has sequence regions conserved across several HPV types, which can elicit a wider spectrum of cross-neutralizing antibodies. Production of HPV VLPs in plants is a viable option to reduce costs; the use of a L1/L2 chimera which has previously elicited a cross-protective immune response is an option to broaden cross-protection. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of codon optimization and of increasing the G+C content of synthetic L1/L2 genes on protein expression in plants. Additionally, we replaced varying portions of the 5' region of the L1 gene with the wild type (wt) viral sequence to determine the effect of several negative regulatory elements on expression. We showed that GC-rich genes resulted in a 10-fold increase of mRNA levels and 3-fold higher accumulation of proteins. However, the highest increase of expression was achieved with a high GC-content human codon-optimized gene, which resulted in a 100-fold increase in mRNA levels and 8- to 9-fold increase in protein levels. Changing the 5' end of the L1 gene back to its wt sequence decreased mRNA and protein expression. Our results suggest that the negative elements in the 5' end of L1 are inadvertently destroyed by changing the codon usage, which enhances protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga I Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Aleyo Chabeda
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Mark P Whitehead
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Marcus Graf
- Thermo Fisher Scientific GENEART GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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Lechner A, Brunk E, Keasling JD. The Need for Integrated Approaches in Metabolic Engineering. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a023903. [PMID: 27527588 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights state-of-the-art procedures for heterologous small-molecule biosynthesis, the associated bottlenecks, and new strategies that have the potential to accelerate future accomplishments in metabolic engineering. We emphasize that a combination of different approaches over multiple time and size scales must be considered for successful pathway engineering in a heterologous host. We have classified these optimization procedures based on the "system" that is being manipulated: transcriptome, translatome, proteome, or reactome. By bridging multiple disciplines, including molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, and computational sciences, we can create an integral framework for the discovery and implementation of novel biosynthetic production routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lechner
- Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, California 94608.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Elizabeth Brunk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, California 94608.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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da Silva JAT, Dobránszki J, Cardoso JC, Chandler SF, Zeng S. Methods for genetic transformation in Dendrobium. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:483-504. [PMID: 26724929 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The genetic transformation of Dendrobium orchids will allow for the introduction of novel colours, altered architecture and valuable traits such as abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. The orchid genus Dendrobium contains species that have both ornamental value and medicinal importance. There is thus interest in producing cultivars that have increased resistance to pests, novel horticultural characteristics such as novel flower colours, improved productivity, longer flower spikes, or longer post-harvest shelf-life. Tissue culture is used to establish clonal plants while in vitro flowering allows for the production of flowers or floral parts within a sterile environment, expanding the selection of explants that can be used for tissue culture or genetic transformation. The latter is potentially the most effective, rapid and practical way to introduce new agronomic traits into Dendrobium. Most (69.4 %) Dendrobium genetic transformation studies have used particle bombardment (biolistics) while 64 % have employed some form of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A singe study has explored ovary injection, but no studies exist on floral dip transformation. While most of these studies have involved the use of selector or reporter genes, there are now a handful of studies that have introduced genes for horticulturally important traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- , P. O. Box 7, Miki-cho Post Office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan.
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Jean Carlos Cardoso
- Department of Rural Development, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSCar, Via Anhanguera, Km 174, CP 153, Araras City, CEP 13.600-970, Brazil.
| | - Stephen F Chandler
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Strategies and Methodologies for the Co-expression of Multiple Proteins in Plants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:263-85. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Patel J, Kowalczuk M. Expression of concern: Synthetic versions of firefly luciferase and Renilla luciferase reporter genes that resist transgene silencing in sugarcane. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:293. [PMID: 26715544 PMCID: PMC4696134 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jigisha Patel
- The authors of this Expression of Concern are members of The Research Integrity Group at BioMed Central. BioMed Central, 236 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8HB, UK
| | - Maria Kowalczuk
- The authors of this Expression of Concern are members of The Research Integrity Group at BioMed Central. BioMed Central, 236 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8HB, UK.
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Takeyama N, Kiyono H, Yuki Y. Plant-based vaccines for animals and humans: recent advances in technology and clinical trials. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2015; 3:139-54. [PMID: 26668752 DOI: 10.1177/2051013615613272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been about 30 years since the first plant engineering technology was established. Although the concept of plant-based pharmaceuticals or vaccines motivates us to develop practicable commercial products using plant engineering, there are some difficulties in reaching the final goal: to manufacture an approved product. At present, the only plant-made vaccine approved by the United States Department of Agriculture is a Newcastle disease vaccine for poultry that is produced in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. The progress toward commercialization of plant-based vaccines takes much effort and time, but several candidate vaccines for use in humans and animals are in clinical trials. This review discusses plant engineering technologies and regulations relevant to the development of plant-based vaccines and provides an overview of human and animal vaccines currently under clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Takeyama
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Ullrich KK, Hiss M, Rensing SA. Means to optimize protein expression in transgenic plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 32:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Metabolic engineering of higher plants and algae for isoprenoid production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 148:161-99. [PMID: 25636485 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are a class of compounds derived from the five carbon precursors, dimethylallyl diphosphate, and isopentenyl diphosphate. These molecules present incredible natural chemical diversity, which can be valuable for humans in many aspects such as cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine. However, many terpenoids are only produced in small quantities by their natural hosts and can be difficult to generate synthetically. Therefore, much interest and effort has been directed toward capturing the genetic blueprint for their biochemistry and engineering it into alternative hosts such as plants and algae. These autotrophic organisms are attractive when compared to traditional microbial platforms because of their ability to utilize atmospheric CO2 as a carbon substrate instead of supplied carbon sources like glucose. This chapter will summarize important techniques and strategies for engineering the accumulation of isoprenoid metabolites into higher plants and algae by choosing the correct host, avoiding endogenous regulatory mechanisms, and optimizing potential flux into the target compound. Future endeavors will build on these efforts by fine-tuning product accumulation levels via the vast amount of available "-omic" data and devising metabolic engineering schemes that integrate this into a whole-organism approach. With the development of high-throughput transformation protocols and synthetic biology molecular tools, we have only begun to harness the power and utility of plant and algae metabolic engineering.
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