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Yang R, Wu Z, Sun Y, Liu Y, Hang Y, Liu M, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu W, Fu C. miR156-PvSPL2 controls culm development by transcriptional repression of switchgrass CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE4. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:2055-2067. [PMID: 38507513 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Culm development in grasses can be controlled by both miR156 and cytokinin. However, the crosstalk between the miR156-SPL module and the cytokinin metabolic pathway remains largely unknown. Here, we found CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE4 (PvCKX4) plays a negative regulatory role in culm development of the bioenergy grass Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). Overexpression of PvCKX4 in switchgrass reduced the internode diameter and length without affecting tiller number. Interestingly, we also found that PvCKX4 was always upregulated in miR156 overexpressing (miR156OE) transgenic switchgrass lines. Additionally, upregulation of either miR156 or PvCKX4 in switchgrass reduced the content of isopentenyl adenine (iP) without affecting trans-zeatin (tZ) accumulation. It is consistent with the evidence that the recombinant PvCKX4 protein exhibited much higher catalytic activity against iP than tZ in vitro. Furthermore, our results showed that miR156-targeted SPL2 bound directly to the promoter of PvCKX4 to repress its expression. Thus, alleviating the SPL2-mediated transcriptional repression of PvCKX4 through miR156 overexpression resulted in a significant increase in cytokinin degradation and impaired culm development in switchgrass. On the contrary, suppressing PvCKX4 in miR156OE transgenic plants restored iP content, internode diameter, and length to wild-type levels. Most strikingly, the double transgenic lines retained the same increased tiller numbers as the miR156OE transgenic line, which yielded more biomass than the wild type. These findings indicate that the miR156-SPL module can control culm development through transcriptional repression of PvCKX4 in switchgrass, which provides a promising target for precise design of shoot architecture to yield more biomass from grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuqing Hang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Min Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Wenwen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Gao H, Wu G, Wu F, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Xu K, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao K, Jing Y, Feng C, Wang N, Li H. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Yield-Related Traits and Candidate Genes in Vegetable Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1442. [PMID: 38891251 PMCID: PMC11174663 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the rising demand for vegetable soybean products, there is an increasing need for high-yield soybean varieties. However, the complex correlation patterns among quantitative traits with genetic architecture pose a challenge for improving vegetable soybean through breeding. Herein, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was applied to 6 yield-related traits in 188 vegetable soybean accessions. Using a BLINK model, a total of 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for plant height, pod length, pod number, pod thickness, pod width, and fresh pod weight. Furthermore, a total of 220 genes were found in the 200 kb upstream and downstream regions of significant SNPs, including 11 genes encoding functional proteins. Among them, four candidate genes, Glyma.13G109100, Glyma.03G183200, Glyma.09G102200, and Glyma.09G102300 were analyzed for significant haplotype variations and to be in LD block, which encode MYB-related transcription factor, auxin-responsive protein, F-box protein, and CYP450, respectively. The relative expression of candidate genes in V030 and V071 vegetable soybean (for the plant height, pod number, and fresh pod weight of V030 were lower than those of the V071 strains) was significantly different, and these genes could be involved in plant growth and development via various pathways. Altogether, we identified four candidate genes for pod yield and plant height from vegetable soybean germplasm. This study provides insights into the genomic basis for improving soybean and crucial genomic resources that can facilitate genome-assisted high-yielding vegetable soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Gao
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guanji Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Feifei Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xunjun Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Keheng Xu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaxin Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenping Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kuan Zhao
- Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Jing
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chen Feng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; (H.G.); (G.W.); (F.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (Y.L.)
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Chun Y, Fang J, Savelieva EM, Lomin SN, Shang J, Sun Y, Zhao J, Kumar A, Yuan S, Yao X, Liu CM, Arkhipov DV, Romanov GA, Li X. The cytokinin receptor OHK4/OsHK4 regulates inflorescence architecture in rice via an IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1/WEALTHY FARMER'S PANICLE-mediated positive feedback circuit. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 36:40-64. [PMID: 37811656 PMCID: PMC10734611 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflorescence architecture is important for rice (Oryza sativa) grain yield. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has been shown to regulate rice inflorescence development; however, the underlying mechanism mediated by CK perception is still unclear. Employing a forward genetic approach, we isolated an inactive variant of the CK receptor OHK4/OsHK4 gene named panicle length1, which shows decreased panicle size due to reduced inflorescence meristem (IM) activity. A 2-amino acid deletion in the long α-helix stalk of the sensory module of OHK4 impairs the homodimerization and ligand-binding capacity of the receptor, even though the residues do not touch the ligand-binding domain or the dimerization interface. This deletion impairs CK signaling that occurs through the type-B response regulator OsRR21, which acts downstream of OHK4 in controlling inflorescence size. Meanwhile, we found that IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(IPA1)/WEALTHY FARMER'S PANICLE (WFP), encoding a positive regulator of IM development, acts downstream of CK signaling and is directly activated by OsRR21. Additionally, we revealed that IPA1/WFP directly binds to the OHK4 promoter and upregulates its expression through interactions with 2 TCP transcription factors, forming a positive feedback circuit. Altogether, we identified the OHK4-OsRR21-IPA1 regulatory module, providing important insights into the role of CK signaling in regulating rice inflorescence architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueyong Li
- Author for correspondence: (X.L.), (G.A.R.)
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Franco-Echevarría E, Nielsen M, Schulten A, Cheema J, Morgan TE, Bienz M, Dean C. Distinct accessory roles of Arabidopsis VEL proteins in Polycomb silencing. Genes Dev 2023; 37:801-817. [PMID: 37734835 PMCID: PMC7615239 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350814.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediates epigenetic silencing of target genes in animals and plants. In Arabidopsis, PRC2 is required for the cold-induced epigenetic silencing of the FLC floral repressor locus to align flowering with spring. During this process, PRC2 relies on VEL accessory factors, including the constitutively expressed VRN5 and the cold-induced VIN3. The VEL proteins are physically associated with PRC2, but their individual functions remain unclear. Here, we show an intimate association between recombinant VRN5 and multiple components within a reconstituted PRC2, dependent on a compact conformation of VRN5 central domains. Key residues mediating this compact conformation are conserved among VRN5 orthologs across the plant kingdom. In contrast, VIN3 interacts with VAL1, a transcriptional repressor that binds directly to FLC These associations differentially affect their role in H3K27me deposition: Both proteins are required for H3K27me3, but only VRN5 is necessary for H3K27me2. Although originally defined as vernalization regulators, VIN3 and VRN5 coassociate with many targets in the Arabidopsis genome that are modified with H3K27me3. Our work therefore reveals the distinct accessory roles for VEL proteins in conferring cold-induced silencing on FLC, with broad relevance for PRC2 targets generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Franco-Echevarría
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Nielsen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Schulten
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jitender Cheema
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Tomos E Morgan
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mariann Bienz
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
| | - Caroline Dean
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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5
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Fang W, Fasano C, Perrella G. Unlocking the Secret to Higher Crop Yield: The Potential for Histone Modifications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37111933 PMCID: PMC10144255 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications are epigenetic mechanisms, termed relative to genetics, and they refer to the induction of heritable changes without altering the DNA sequence. It is widely known that DNA sequences precisely modulate plant phenotypes to adapt them to the changing environment; however, epigenetic mechanisms also greatly contribute to plant growth and development by altering chromatin status. An increasing number of recent studies have elucidated epigenetic regulations on improving plant growth and adaptation, thus making contributions to the final yield. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying crop flowering efficiency, fruit quality, and adaptation to environmental stimuli, especially to abiotic stress, to ensure crop improvement. In particular, we highlight the major discoveries in rice and tomato, which are two of the most globally consumed crops. We also describe and discuss the applications of epigenetic approaches in crop breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fang
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
| | - Carlo Fasano
- Trisaia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Develoment, (ENEA), 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Perrella
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
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Gupta A, Bhardwaj M, Tran LSP. Integration of Auxin, Brassinosteroid and Cytokinin in the Regulation of Rice Yield. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1848-1856. [PMID: 36255097 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop varieties with a high yield are most desirable in the present context of the ever-growing human population. Mostly, the yield traits are governed by a complex of numerous molecular and genetic facets modulated by various quantitative trait loci (QTLs). With the identification and molecular characterizations of yield-associated QTLs over recent years, the central role of phytohormones in regulating plant yield is becoming more apparent. Most often, different groups of phytohormones work in close association to orchestrate yield attributes. Understanding this cross talk would thus provide new venues for phytohormone pyramiding by editing a single gene or QTL(s) for yield improvement. Here, we review a few important findings to integrate the knowledge on the roles of auxin, brassinosteroid and cytokinin and how a single gene or a QTL could govern cross talk among multiple phytohormones to determine the yield traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Namgu, Pohang-si 37673, South Korea
| | - Mamta Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Hindu Girls College, Maharshi Dayanand University, Sonipat 131001, India
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, TX 79409, Vietnam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Chun Y, Kumar A, Li X. Genetic and molecular pathways controlling rice inflorescence architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010138. [PMID: 36247571 PMCID: PMC9554555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice inflorescence is one of the major organs in determining grain yield. The genetic and molecular regulation on rice inflorescence architecture has been well investigated over the past years. In the present review, we described genes regulating rice inflorescence architecture based on their roles in meristem activity maintenance, meristem identity conversion and branch elongation. We also introduced the emerging regulatory pathways of phytohormones involved in rice inflorescence development. These studies show the intricacies and challenges of manipulating inflorescence architecture for rice yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ashmit Kumar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Nausori, Fiji
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu Y, Wang L, Ansah EO, Peng W, Zhang W, Li P, An G, Xiong F. The sucrose transport regulator OsDOF11 mediates cytokinin degradation during rice development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1083-1094. [PMID: 35294037 PMCID: PMC9157086 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic tissues are dynamic structures whose homeostasis depends on the coordination of two antagonistic processes: self-maintenance and supporting sink tissues. The balance of these processes determines plant development, which might be mediated by cytokinin. However, little is known about the link between sucrose transport signaling and cytokinin. Rice (Oryza sativa) DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER11 (OsDOF11) is a transcription factor that mediates sucrose transport by inducing the expression of sucrose transporter genes. Here, we found that OsDOF11 loss-of-function mutants showed a semi-dwarf phenotype with a smaller cell length due to increased cytokinin content in source tissues. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR analyses revealed that genes involved in cytokinin signaling and metabolism were affected in osdof11 mutants. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that OsDOF11 directly binds to the promoter regions of O. sativa CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE4 (OsCKX4). Moreover, mutation of osckx4 in the osdof11 osckx4 double mutant rescued the semi-dwarf phenotype of the osdof11 mutant. Interestingly, exogenous application of kinetin promoted OsDOF11 expression earlier than OsCKX4, and overexpression of O. sativa VIN3-LIKE 2 caused an increase in active cytokinin levels and induced OsDOF11 transcript levels. Taken together, our results suggest a model in which both a sucrose transport regulator (OsDOF11) and cytokinin via OsCKX4 establish a feedback loop to maintain dynamic tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ebenezer Ottopah Ansah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wangmenghan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Shwartz I, Yahav C, Kovetz N, Levy M, Israeli A, Bar M, Duval KL, Krall EG, Teboul N, Jiménez-Gómez JM, Deal RB, Ori N. The VIL gene CRAWLING ELEPHANT controls maturation and differentiation in tomato via polycomb silencing. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009633. [PMID: 35255095 PMCID: PMC8939788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE (VIL) proteins are PHD-finger proteins that recruit the repressor complex Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to the promoters of target genes. Most known VIL targets are flowering repressor genes. Here, we show that the tomato VIL gene CRAWLING ELEPHANT (CREL) promotes differentiation throughout plant development by facilitating the trimethylation of Histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). We identified the crel mutant in a screen for suppressors of the simple-leaf phenotype of entire (e), a mutant in the AUX/IAA gene ENTIRE/SlIAA9, involved in compound-leaf development in tomato. crel mutants have increased leaf complexity, and suppress the ectopic blade growth of e mutants. In addition, crel mutants are late flowering, and have delayed and aberrant stem, root and flower development. Consistent with a role for CREL in recruiting PRC2, crel mutants show drastically reduced H3K27me3 enrichment at approximately half of the 14,789 sites enriched in wild-type plants, along with upregulation of many underlying genes. Interestingly, this reduction in H3K27me3 across the genome in crel is also associated with gains in H3K27me3 at a smaller number of sites that normally have modest levels of the mark in wild-type plants, suggesting that PRC2 activity is no longer limiting in the absence of CREL. Our results uncover a wide role for CREL in plant and organ differentiation in tomato and suggest that CREL is required for targeting PRC2 activity to, and thus silencing, a specific subset of polycomb targets. Plants form organs continuously throughout their lives, and the number and shape of their organs is determined in a flexible manner according to the internal and external circumstances. Alongside this flexibility, plants maintain basic developmental programs to ensure proper functioning. Among the ways by which plants achieve flexible development is by tuning the pace of their maturation and differentiation, at both the plant and organ levels. One of the ways plants regulate the rate of maturation and differentiation is by changing gene expression. Here, we identified a gene that promotes plant and organ maturation and differentiation. This gene, CRAWLING ELEPHANT (CREL) acts by bringing a repressing complex to target genes. We show the importance of CREL in multiple developmental processes and in the expression of multiple genes throughout the tomato genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Shwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Yahav
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Kovetz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matan Levy
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Israeli
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katherine L. Duval
- Department of Biology, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ellen G. Krall
- Department of Biology, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Naama Teboul
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - José M. Jiménez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger B. Deal
- Department of Biology, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (NO)
| | - Naomi Ori
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (RD); (NO)
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10
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Tu B, Tao Z, Wang S, Zhou L, Zheng L, Zhang C, Li X, Zhang X, Yin J, Zhu X, Yuan H, Li T, Chen W, Qin P, Ma B, Wang Y, Li S. Loss of Gn1a/OsCKX2 confers heavy-panicle rice with excellent lodging resistance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:23-38. [PMID: 34783157 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Significant achievements have been made in breeding programs for the heavy-panicle-type (HPT) rice (Oryza sativa) in Southwest China. The HPT varieties now exhibit excellent lodging resistance, allowing them to overcome the greater pressures caused by heavy panicles. However, the genetic mechanism of this lodging resistance remains elusive. Here, we isolated a major quantitative trait locus, Panicle Neck Diameter 1 (PND1), and identified the causal gene as GRAIN NUMBER 1A/CYTOKININ OXIDASE 2 (Gn1A/OsCKX2). The null gn1a allele from rice line R498 (gn1aR498 ) improved lodging resistance through increasing the culm diameter and promoting crown root development. Loss-of-function of Gn1a/OsCKX2 led to cytokinin accumulation in the crown root tip and accelerated the development of adventitious roots. Gene pyramiding between the null gn1aR498 allele with two gain-of-function alleles, STRONG CULM 2 (SCM2) and SCM3, further improved lodging resistance. Moreover, Gn1a/OsCKX2 had minimal influence on overall rice quality. Our research thus highlights the distinct genetic components of lodging resistance of HPT varieties and provides a strategy for tailor-made crop improvement of both yield and lodging resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Tao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiguang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agriculture and Horticulture, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Cuiping District, Yibin Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Xinzi Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weilan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shigui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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11
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Yoon J, Jeong HJ, Baek G, Yang J, Peng X, Tun W, Kim ST, An G, Cho LH. A VIN3-like Protein OsVIL1 Is Involved in Grain Yield and Biomass in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:83. [PMID: 35009085 PMCID: PMC8747509 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In chromatin remodeling, the post-translational modification of histone proteins is mediated by multimeric protein complexes. VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3 (VIN3) forms a complex with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates the trimethylation of H3K27 to repress target gene expression. In rice, four genes (OsVIL1-OsVIL4) encoding the VIN3-like proteins are expressed ubiquitously in various tissues. Null mutants of osvil2 display pleiotropic phenotypes such as altered flowering time, floral organ defects, and reduced tiller size. In contrast, osvil1 mutants did not show significant phenotypes except in fertilization compared with the wild type. However, transgenic plants overexpressing OsVIL1 showed phenotypes of increased biomass and grain yield. Cross-sections of the basal region of elongating stems revealed that the increased biomass was mediated by inducing cell proliferation in the meristem. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that OsVIL1 repressed expression of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene (OsCKX2) by binding to the promoter and genic regions of OsCKX2. We also observed that OsVIL1 modified the levels of H3K27me3 in the OsCKX2 chromatin. Because OsCKX2 encodes an enzyme that degrades active cytokinin, we conclude that OsVIL1 functions in the regulation of endogenous active cytokinin levels, thereby increasing plant height and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (J.Y.); (G.B.); (S.-T.K.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (W.T.)
| | - Hee-Joong Jeong
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (W.T.)
| | - Gibeom Baek
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (J.Y.); (G.B.); (S.-T.K.)
| | - Jungil Yang
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (W.T.)
| | - Xin Peng
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (W.T.)
- Institution of Genomics and Bioinformatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Win Tun
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (W.T.)
| | - Sun-Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (J.Y.); (G.B.); (S.-T.K.)
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (W.T.)
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (J.Y.); (G.B.); (S.-T.K.)
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12
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Yang F, Xiong M, Huang M, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhu H, Chen R, Lu L, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Tang J, Zhuang H, Li Y. Panicle Apical Abortion 3 Controls Panicle Development and Seed Size in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:68. [PMID: 34264425 PMCID: PMC8282854 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rice, panicle apical abortion is a common phenomenon that usually results in a decreased number of branches and grains per panicle, and consequently a reduced grain yield. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of panicle abortion is thus critical for maintaining and increasing rice production. RESULTS We reported a new rice mutant panicle apical abortion 3 (paa3), which exhibited severe abortion of spikelet development on the upper part of the branches as well as decreased grain size over the whole panicle. Using mapping-based clone, the PAA3 was characterized as the LOC_ Os04g56160 gene, encoding an H+-ATPase. The PAA3 was expressed highly in the stem and panicle, and its protein was localized in the plasma membrane. Our data further showed that PAA3 played an important role in maintaining normal panicle development by participating in the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rice. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggested that PAA3 might function to remove ROS, the accumulation of which leads to programmed cell death, and ultimately panicle apical abortion and decreased seed size in the paa3 panicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayu Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mao Xiong
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingjiang Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhongcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinglan Cheng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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13
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Meta-QTL and ortho-MQTL analyses identified genomic regions controlling rice yield, yield-related traits and root architecture under water deficit conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6942. [PMID: 33767323 PMCID: PMC7994909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis is a robust approach for genetic dissection of complex quantitative traits. Rice varieties adapted to non-flooded cultivation are highly desirable in breeding programs due to the water deficit global problem. In order to identify stable QTLs for major agronomic traits under water deficit conditions, we performed a comprehensive MQTL analysis on 563 QTLs from 67 rice populations published from 2001 to 2019. Yield and yield-related traits including grain weight, heading date, plant height, tiller number as well as root architecture-related traits including root dry weight, root length, root number, root thickness, the ratio of deep rooting and plant water content under water deficit condition were investigated. A total of 61 stable MQTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments were identified. The average confidence interval of MQTLs was considerably refined compared to the initial QTLs, resulted in the identification of some well-known functionally characterized genes and several putative novel CGs for investigated traits. Ortho-MQTL mining based on genomic collinearity between rice and maize allowed identification of five ortho-MQTLs between these two cereals. The results can help breeders to improve yield under water deficit conditions.
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14
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Deveshwar P, Prusty A, Sharma S, Tyagi AK. Phytohormone-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms Involving Multiple Genes and QTL Govern Grain Number in Rice. Front Genet 2020; 11:586462. [PMID: 33281879 PMCID: PMC7689023 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.586462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the grain number is the most direct route toward enhancing the grain yield in cereals. In rice, grain number can be amplified through increasing the shoot branching (tillering), panicle branching, panicle length, and seed set percentage. Phytohormones have been conclusively shown to control the above characteristics by regulating molecular factors and their cross-interactions. The dynamic equilibrium of cytokinin levels in both shoot and inflorescence meristems, maintained by the regulation of its biosynthesis, activation, and degradation, determines the tillering and panicle branching, respectively. Auxins and gibberellins are known broadly to repress the axillary meristems, while jasmonic acid is implicated in the determination of reproductive meristem formation. The balance of auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin determines meristematic activities in the inflorescence. Strigolactones have been shown to repress the shoot branching but seem to regulate panicle branching positively. Ethylene, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins regulate spikelet abortion and grain filling. Further studies on the optimization of endogenous hormonal levels can help in the expansion of the grain yield potential of rice. This review focuses on the molecular machinery, involving several genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), operational in the plant that governs hormonal control and, in turn, gets governed by the hormones to regulate grain number and yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Deveshwar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Prusty
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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15
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Yoon J, Cho LH, Lee S, Pasriga R, Tun W, Yang J, Yoon H, Jeong HJ, Jeon JS, An G. Chromatin Interacting Factor OsVIL2 Is Required for Outgrowth of Axillary Buds in Rice. Mol Cells 2019; 42:858-868. [PMID: 31771322 PMCID: PMC6939655 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot branching is an essential agronomic trait that impacts on plant architecture and yield. Shoot branching is determined by two independent steps: axillary meristem formation and axillary bud outgrowth. Although several genes and regulatory mechanism have been studied with respect to shoot branching, the roles of chromatin-remodeling factors in the developmental process have not been reported in rice. We previously identified a chromatin-remodeling factor OsVIL2 that controls the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at target genes. In this study, we report that loss-of-function mutants in OsVIL2 showed a phenotype of reduced tiller number in rice. The reduction was due to a defect in axillary bud (tiller) outgrowth rather than axillary meristem initiation. Analysis of the expression patterns of the tiller-related genes revealed that expression of OsTB1, which is a negative regulator of bud outgrowth, was increased in osvil2 mutants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that OsVIL2 binds to the promoter region of OsTB1 chromatin in wild-type rice, but the binding was not observed in osvil2 mutants. Tiller number of double mutant osvil2 ostb1 was similar to that of ostb1, suggesting that osvil2 is epistatic to ostb1. These observations indicate that OsVIL2 suppresses OsTB1 expression by chromatin modification, thereby inducing bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463,
Korea
| | - Sichul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Richa Pasriga
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Win Tun
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Jungil Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Hyeryung Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Hee Joong Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
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16
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Guo ZH, Haslam RP, Michaelson LV, Yeung EC, Lung SC, Napier JA, Chye ML. The overexpression of rice ACYL-CoA-BINDING PROTEIN2 increases grain size and bran oil content in transgenic rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:1132-1147. [PMID: 31437323 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As Oryza sativa (rice) seeds represent food for over three billion people worldwide, the identification of genes that enhance grain size and composition is much desired. Past reports have indicated that Arabidopsis thaliana acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are important in seed development but did not affect seed size. Herein, rice OsACBP2 was demonstrated not only to play a role in seed development and germination, but also to influence grain size. OsACBP2 mRNA accumulated in embryos and endosperm of germinating seeds in qRT-PCR analysis, while β-glucuronidase (GUS) assays on OsACBP2pro::GUS rice transformants showed GUS expression in embryos, as well as the scutellum and aleurone layer of germinating seeds. Deletion analysis of the OsACBP2 5'-flanking region revealed five copies of the seed cis-element, Skn-I-like motif (-1486/-1482, -956/-952, -939/-935, -826/-822, and -766/-762), and the removal of any adversely affected expression in seeds, thereby providing a molecular basis for OsACBP2 expression in seeds. When OsACBP2 function was investigated using osacbp2 mutants and transgenic rice overexpressing OsACBP2 (OsACBP2-OE), osacbp2 was retarded in germination, while OsACBP2-OEs performed better than the wild-type and vector-transformed controls, in germination, seedling growth, grain size and grain weight. Transmission electron microscopy of OsACBP2-OE mature seeds revealed an accumulation of oil bodies in the scutellum cells, while confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated oil accumulation in OsACBP2-OE aleurone tissues. Correspondingly, OsACBP2-OE seeds showed gain in triacylglycerols and long-chain fatty acids over the vector-transformed control. As dietary rice bran contains beneficial bioactive components, OsACBP2 appears to be a promising candidate for enriching seed nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Louise V Michaelson
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Edward C Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4,, Canada
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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