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Wittmer J, Heidstra R. Appreciating animal induced pluripotent stem cells to shape plant cell reprogramming strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4373-4393. [PMID: 38869461 PMCID: PMC11263491 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Animals and plants have developed resilience mechanisms to effectively endure and overcome physical damage and environmental challenges throughout their life span. To sustain their vitality, both animals and plants employ mechanisms to replenish damaged cells, either directly, involving the activity of adult stem cells, or indirectly, via dedifferentiation of somatic cells that are induced to revert to a stem cell state and subsequently redifferentiate. Stem cell research has been a rapidly advancing field in animal studies for many years, driven by its promising potential in human therapeutics, including tissue regeneration and drug development. A major breakthrough was the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are reprogrammed from somatic cells by expressing a limited set of transcription factors. This discovery enabled the generation of an unlimited supply of cells that can be differentiated into specific cell types and tissues. Equally, a keen interest in the connection between plant stem cells and regeneration has been developed in the last decade, driven by the demand to enhance plant traits such as yield, resistance to pathogens, and the opportunities provided by CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing. Here we discuss how knowledge of stem cell biology benefits regeneration technology, and we speculate on the creation of a universal genotype-independent iPSC system for plants to overcome regenerative recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wittmer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, cluster Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Cell and Developmental Biology, cluster Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Yang Z, Zhao M, Zhang X, Gu L, Li J, Ming F, Wang M, Wang Z. MIR396-GRF/GIF enhances in planta shoot regeneration of Dendrobium catenatum. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:543. [PMID: 38822270 PMCID: PMC11143658 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on co-transformation of the growth regulator, TaGRF4-GIF1 chimera (Growth Regulating Factor 4-GRF Interacting Factor 1), in cultivated wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum), showed improved regeneration efficiency, marking a significant breakthrough. Here, a simple and reproducible protocol using the GRF4-GIF1 chimera was established and tested in the medicinal orchid Dendrobium catenatum, a monocot orchid species. TaGRF4-GIF1 from T. aestivum and DcGRF4-GIF1 from D. catenatum were reconstructed, with the chimeras significantly enhancing the regeneration efficiency of D. catenatum through in planta transformation. Further, mutating the microRNA396 (miR396) target sites in TaGRF4 and DcGRF4 improved regeneration efficiency. The target mimicry version of miR396 (MIM396) not only boosted shoot regeneration but also enhanced plant growth. Our methods revealed a powerful tool for the enhanced regeneration and genetic transformation of D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Meili Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Lili Gu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Meina Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
| | - Zhicai Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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3
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Li J, Pan W, Zhang S, Ma G, Li A, Zhang H, Liu L. A rapid and highly efficient sorghum transformation strategy using GRF4-GIF1/ternary vector system. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1604-1613. [PMID: 38038993 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an important crop for food, forage, wine and biofuel production. To enhance its transformation efficiency without negative developmental by-effects, we investigated the impact of GRF4-GIF1 chimaera and GRF5 on sorghum transformation. Both GRF4-GIF1 and GRF5 effectively improved the transformation efficiency of sorghum and accelerated the transformation process of sorghum to less than 2 months which was not observed when using BBM-WUS. As agrobacterium effectors increase the ability of T-DNA transfer into plant cells, we checked whether ternary vector system can additively enhance sorghum transformation. The combination of GRF4-GIF1 with helper plasmid pVS1-VIR2 achieved the highest transformation efficiency, reaching 38.28%, which is 7.71-fold of the original method. Compared with BBM-WUS, overexpressing GRF4-GIF1 caused no noticeable growth defects in sorghum. We further developed a sorghum CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tool based on this GRF4-GIF1/ternary vector system, which achieved an average gene mutation efficiency of 41.36%, and null mutants were created in the T0 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbo Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Weifang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Ministry of Education & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Guojing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Aixia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Weifang, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
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4
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Yuan HY, Kagale S, Ferrie AMR. Multifaceted roles of transcription factors during plant embryogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1322728. [PMID: 38235196 PMCID: PMC10791896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are diverse groups of regulatory proteins. Through their specific binding domains, TFs bind to their target genes and regulate their expression, therefore TFs play important roles in various growth and developmental processes. Plant embryogenesis is a highly regulated and intricate process during which embryos arise from various sources and undergo development; it can be further divided into zygotic embryogenesis (ZE) and somatic embryogenesis (SE). TFs play a crucial role in the process of plant embryogenesis with a number of them acting as master regulators in both ZE and SE. In this review, we focus on the master TFs involved in embryogenesis such as BABY BOOM (BBM) from the APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) family, WUSCHEL and WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) from the homeobox family, LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2) from the B3 family, AGAMOUS-Like 15 (AGL15) from the MADS family and LEAFY COTYLEDON 1 (LEC1) from the Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) family. We aim to present the recent progress pertaining to the diverse roles these master TFs play in both ZE and SE in Arabidopsis, as well as other plant species including crops. We also discuss future perspectives in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alison M. R. Ferrie
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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5
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Ahmar S, Hensel G, Gruszka D. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques and new breeding strategies in cereals - current status, improvements, and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108248. [PMID: 37666372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops, including triticeae species (barley, wheat, rye), as well as edible cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, rye, sorghum), are significant suppliers for human consumption, livestock feed, and breweries. Over the past half-century, modern varieties of cereal crops with increased yields have contributed to global food security. However, presently cultivated elite crop varieties were developed mainly for optimal environmental conditions. Thus, it has become evident that taking into account the ongoing climate changes, currently a priority should be given to developing new stress-tolerant cereal cultivars. It is necessary to enhance the accuracy of methods and time required to generate new cereal cultivars with the desired features to adapt to climate change and keep up with the world population expansion. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been developed as a powerful and versatile genome editing tool to achieve desirable traits, such as developing high-yielding, stress-tolerant, and disease-resistant transgene-free lines in major cereals. Despite recent advances, the CRISPR/Cas9 application in cereals faces several challenges, including a significant amount of time required to develop transgene-free lines, laboriousness, and a limited number of genotypes that may be used for the transformation and in vitro regeneration. Additionally, developing elite lines through genome editing has been restricted in many countries, especially Europe and New Zealand, due to a lack of flexibility in GMO regulations. This review provides a comprehensive update to researchers interested in improving cereals using gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9. We will review some critical and recent studies on crop improvements and their contributing factors to superior cereals through gene-editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Animasaun DA, Lawrence JA. Antisense RNA (asRNA) technology: the concept and applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9545-9557. [PMID: 37755651 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Antisense RNA (asRNA) technology is a method used to silence genes and inhibit their expression. Gene function relies on expression, which follows the central dogma of molecular biology. The use of asRNA can regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs, which can result in changes in phenotype, disease resistance, and other traits associated with protein expression profiles. This technology uses short, single-stranded oligonucleotide strands that are complementary to the targeted mRNA. Manipulating and regulating protein expression during its translation can either knock out or knock down the expression of a gene of interest. Therefore, functional genomics can benefit from this technology since it allows for the regulation of protein expression. In this review, we discuss the concept, and applications of asRNA technology which include delaying ripening, prolonging shelf life, biofortification, and increasing biotic and abiotic resistance among others in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Adedayo Animasaun
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Central Research Laboratories, University of Ilorin, P.M.B.1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Judith Amaka Lawrence
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
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7
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Yan T, Hou Q, Wei X, Qi Y, Pu A, Wu S, An X, Wan X. Promoting genotype-independent plant transformation by manipulating developmental regulatory genes and/or using nanoparticles. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1395-1417. [PMID: 37311877 PMCID: PMC10447291 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This review summarizes the molecular basis and emerging applications of developmental regulatory genes and nanoparticles in plant transformation and discusses strategies to overcome the obstacles of genotype dependency in plant transformation. Plant transformation is an important tool for plant research and biotechnology-based crop breeding. However, Plant transformation and regeneration are highly dependent on species and genotype. Plant regeneration is a process of generating a complete individual plant from a single somatic cell, which involves somatic embryogenesis, root and shoot organogeneses. Over the past 40 years, significant advances have been made in understanding molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis and organogenesis, revealing many developmental regulatory genes critical for plant regeneration. Recent studies showed that manipulating some developmental regulatory genes promotes the genotype-independent transformation of several plant species. Besides, nanoparticles penetrate plant cell wall without external forces and protect cargoes from degradation, making them promising materials for exogenous biomolecule delivery. In addition, manipulation of developmental regulatory genes or application of nanoparticles could also bypass the tissue culture process, paving the way for efficient plant transformation. Applications of developmental regulatory genes and nanoparticles are emerging in the genetic transformation of different plant species. In this article, we review the molecular basis and applications of developmental regulatory genes and nanoparticles in plant transformation and discuss how to further promote genotype-independent plant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Yan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Quancan Hou
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Qi
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Aqing Pu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suowei Wu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China.
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8
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Adero M, Tripathi JN, Tripathi L. Advances in Somatic Embryogenesis of Banana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10999. [PMID: 37446177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) holds significant global economic importance, but faces numerous challenges, which may include diverse abiotic and biotic factors such as drought and various diseases caused by fungi, viruses, and bacteria. The genetic and asexual nature of cultivated banana cultivars makes them unattractive for improvement via traditional breeding. To overcome these constraints, modern biotechnological approaches like genetic modification and genome editing have become essential for banana improvement. However, these techniques rely on somatic embryogenesis, which has only been successfully achieved in a limited number of banana cultivars. Therefore, developing new strategies for improving somatic embryogenesis in banana is crucial. This review article focuses on advancements in banana somatic embryogenesis, highlighting the progress, the various stages of regeneration, cryopreservation techniques, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the process. Furthermore, this article discusses the factors that could influence somatic embryogenesis and explores the prospects for improving the process, especially in recalcitrant banana cultivars. By addressing these challenges and exploring potential solutions, researchers aim to unlock the full potential of somatic embryogenesis as a tool for banana improvement, ultimately benefiting the global banana industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Adero
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi 30709-00100, Kenya
| | | | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi 30709-00100, Kenya
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9
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Mahmood MA, Naqvi RZ, Rahman SU, Amin I, Mansoor S. Plant Virus-Derived Vectors for Plant Genome Engineering. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020531. [PMID: 36851743 PMCID: PMC9958682 DOI: 10.3390/v15020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome engineering (GE) tools based on sequence-specific programmable nucleases have revolutionized precise genome editing in plants. However, only the traditional approaches are used to deliver these GE reagents, which mostly rely on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or particle bombardment. These techniques have been successfully used for the past decades for the genetic engineering of plants with some limitations relating to lengthy time-taking protocols and transgenes integration-related regulatory concerns. Nevertheless, in the era of climate change, we require certain faster protocols for developing climate-smart resilient crops through GE to deal with global food security. Therefore, some alternative approaches are needed to robustly deliver the GE reagents. In this case, the plant viral vectors could be an excellent option for the delivery of GE reagents because they are efficient, effective, and precise. Additionally, these are autonomously replicating and considered as natural specialists for transient delivery. In the present review, we have discussed the potential use of these plant viral vectors for the efficient delivery of GE reagents. We have further described the different plant viral vectors, such as DNA and RNA viruses, which have been used as efficient gene targeting systems in model plants, and in other important crops including potato, tomato, wheat, and rice. The achievements gained so far in the use of viral vectors as a carrier for GE reagent delivery are depicted along with the benefits and limitations of each viral vector. Moreover, recent advances have been explored in employing viral vectors for GE and adapting this technology for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ur Rahman
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Wang N, Ryan L, Sardesai N, Wu E, Lenderts B, Lowe K, Che P, Anand A, Worden A, van Dyk D, Barone P, Svitashev S, Jones T, Gordon-Kamm W. Leaf transformation for efficient random integration and targeted genome modification in maize and sorghum. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:255-270. [PMID: 36759580 PMCID: PMC9946824 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transformation in grass species has traditionally relied on immature embryos and has therefore been limited to a few major Poaceae crops. Other transformation explants, including leaf tissue, have been explored but with low success rates, which is one of the major factors hindering the broad application of genome editing for crop improvement. Recently, leaf transformation using morphogenic genes Wuschel2 (Wus2) and Babyboom (Bbm) has been successfully used for Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, but complex genome editing applications, requiring large numbers of regenerated plants to be screened, remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that enhanced Wus2/Bbm expression substantially improves leaf transformation in maize and sorghum, allowing the recovery of plants with Cas9-mediated gene dropouts and targeted gene insertion. Moreover, using a maize-optimized Wus2/Bbm construct, embryogenic callus and regenerated plantlets were successfully produced in eight species spanning four grass subfamilies, suggesting that this may lead to a universal family-wide method for transformation and genome editing across the Poaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Wu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Ajith Anand
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
- MyFloraDNA, Woodland, CA, USA
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11
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Lee K, Wang K. Strategies for genotype-flexible plant transformation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102848. [PMID: 36463838 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the genome-editing tools have demonstrated a great potential for accelerating functional genomics and crop trait improvements, but the low efficiency and genotype dependence in plant transformation hinder practical applications of such revolutionary tools. Morphogenic transcription factors (MTFs) such as Baby boom, Wuschel2, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR5, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR4 and its cofactor GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR1, and Wuschel-homeobox 5 related have been shown to greatly enhance plant transformation efficiency and expand the range of amenable species and genotypes. This review will summarize recent advancements in plant transformation technologies with an emphasis on the strategies developed for genotype-flexible transformation methods utilizing MTFs for both monocots and dicot plant species. We highlight several breakthrough studies that demonstrated a wide range of applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunsub Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Crop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Crop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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12
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Zheng H, Gao Y, Sui Y, Dang Y, Wu F, Wang X, Zhang F, Du X, Sui N. R2R3 MYB transcription factor SbMYBHv33 negatively regulates sorghum biomass accumulation and salt tolerance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:5. [PMID: 36656365 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SbMYBHv33 negatively regulated biomass accumulation and salt tolerance in sorghum and Arabidopsis by regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation and ion levels. Salt stress is one of the main types of environmental stress leading to a reduction in crop yield worldwide. Plants have also evolved a variety of corresponding regulatory pathways to resist environmental stress damage. This study aimed to identify a SbMYBHv33 transcription factor that downregulates in salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) in the salt-tolerant inbred line sorghum M-81E. The findings revealed that overexpression of SbMYBHv33 in sorghum significantly reduced sorghum biomass accumulation at the seedling stage and also salinity tolerance. Meanwhile, a heterologous transformation of Arabidopsis with SbMYBHv33 produced a similar phenotype. The loss of function of the Arabidopsis homolog of SbMYBHv33 resulted in longer roots and increased salt tolerance. Under normal conditions, SbMYBHV33 overexpression promoted the expression of ABA pathway genes in sorghum and inhibited growth. Under salt stress conditions, the gene expression of SbMYBHV33 decreased in the overexpressed lines, and the promotion of these genes in the ABA pathway was attenuated. This might be an important reason for the difference in growth and stress resistance between SbMYBHv33-overexpressed sorghum and ectopic expression Arabidopsis. Hence, SbMYBHv33 is an important component of sorghum growth and development and the regulation of salt stress response, and it could negatively regulate salt tolerance and biomass accumulation in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yinping Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingying Dang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fenghui Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fangning Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xihua Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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13
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Bredow M, Natukunda MI, Beernink BM, Chicowski AS, Salas‐Fernandez MG, Whitham SA. Characterization of a foxtail mosaic virus vector for gene silencing and analysis of innate immune responses in Sorghum bicolor. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:71-79. [PMID: 36088637 PMCID: PMC9742499 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is vulnerable to many biotic and abiotic stresses, which cause considerable yield losses globally. Efforts to genetically characterize beneficial sorghum traits, including disease resistance, plant architecture, and tolerance to abiotic stresses, are ongoing. One challenge faced by sorghum researchers is its recalcitrance to transformation, which has slowed gene validation efforts and utilization for cultivar development. Here, we characterize the use of a foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) vector for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) by targeting two previously tested marker genes: phytoene desaturase (PDS) and ubiquitin (Ub). We additionally demonstrate VIGS of a subgroup of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and report the role of these genes as positive regulators of early defence signalling. Silencing of subgroup 8 RLCKs also resulted in higher susceptibility to the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (B728a) and Xanthomonas vasicola pv. holcicola, demonstrating the role of these genes in host defence against bacterial pathogens. Together, this work highlights the utility of FoMV-induced gene silencing in the characterization of genes mediating defence responses in sorghum. Moreover, FoMV was able to systemically infect six diverse sorghum genotypes with high efficiency at optimal temperatures for sorghum growth and therefore could be extrapolated to study additional traits of economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bredow
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Martha Ibore Natukunda
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyAugustana UniversitySioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA.
| | - Bliss M. Beernink
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada.
| | - Aline Sartor Chicowski
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | | - Steven A. Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
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14
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Ul Haq SI, Zheng D, Feng N, Jiang X, Qiao F, He JS, Qiu QS. Progresses of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in forage crops. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153860. [PMID: 36371870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) mediated-genome editing has evolved into a powerful tool that is widely used in plant species to induce editing in the genome for analyzing gene function and crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas9 is an RNA-guided genome editing tool consisting of a Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables more accurate and efficient genome editing in crops. In this review, we summarized the advances of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome editing and its applications in forage crops. We described briefly about the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome editing. We assessed the progress of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted-mutagenesis in various forage crops, including alfalfa, Medicago truncatula, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Setaria italica and Panicum virgatum. The potentials and challenges of CRISPR/Cas9 in forage breeding were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
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15
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Wu H, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Wang J, Jia P, Cong L, Li J, Duan Y, Ke F, Zhang F, Liu Z, Lu F, Wang Y, Li Z, Chang M, Zou J, Zhu K. Cell-penetrating peptide: A powerful delivery tool for DNA-free crop genome editing. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111436. [PMID: 36037982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing system based on the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology is a milestone for biology. However, public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and recalcitrance in the crop of choice for regeneration have limited its application. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are derived from protein transduction domains (PTDs) that can take on various cargoes across the plant wall, and membrane of target cells. Selected CPPs show mild cytotoxicity and are a suitable delivery tool for DNA-free genome editing. Moreover, CPPs may also be applied for the transient delivery of morphogenic transcription factors, also known as developmental regulators (DRs), to overcome the bottleneck of the crop of choice regeneration. In this review, we introduce a brief history of cell-penetrating peptides and discuss the practice of CPP-mediated DNA-free transfection and the prospects of this potential delivery tool for improving crop genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Kuangye Zhang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pengxiang Jia
- Zhejiang Wanli University, 315100 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling Cong
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Youhou Duan
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fulai Ke
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Plant Health, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jianqiu Zou
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Kai Zhu
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China.
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16
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Sun L, Nie T, Chen Y, Yin Z. From Floral Induction to Blooming: The Molecular Mysteries of Flowering in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810959. [PMID: 36142871 PMCID: PMC9500781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a pivotal developmental process in response to the environment and determines the start of a new life cycle in plants. Woody plants usually possess a long juvenile nonflowering phase followed by an adult phase with repeated flowering cycles. The molecular mechanism underlying flowering regulation in woody plants is believed to be much more complex than that in annual herbs. In this review, we briefly describe the successive but distinct flowering processes in perennial trees, namely the vegetative phase change, the floral transition, floral organogenesis, and final blooming, and summarize in detail the most recent advances in understanding how woody plants regulate flowering through dynamic gene expression. Notably, the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT) and its antagonistic gene TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) seem to play a central role in various flowering transition events. Flower development in different taxa requires interactions between floral homeotic genes together with AGL6 conferring floral organ identity. Finally, we illustrate the issues and corresponding measures of flowering regulation investigation. It is of great benefit to the future study of flowering in perennial trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tangjie Nie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zengfang Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-85427316
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17
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Comparing in planta accumulation with microbial routes to set targets for a cost-competitive bioeconomy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122309119. [PMID: 35858445 PMCID: PMC9335188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122309119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a carbon-negative bioeconomy that eliminates the need for crude oil will require a range of bioproducts. Accumulating value-added bioproducts directly in bioenergy crops can be an important strategy for enabling economically competitive biorefineries that produce a range of renewable fuels and replacements for petrochemicals. However, microbial chassis may have advantages over plants for some products. To date, there has been no systematic analysis aimed at comparing microbial production routes with in planta accumulation to establish breakeven targets for yields and accumulation rates. In this study, we provide generalizable insights into these breakeven points by exploring four bioproducts (4-hydroxybenzoic acid [4-HBA], 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid [PDC], muconic acid, and catechol) currently produced both in plants and by microbial hosts. Plants and microbes share common metabolic pathways for producing a range of bioproducts that are potentially foundational to the future bioeconomy. However, in planta accumulation and microbial production of bioproducts have never been systematically compared on an economic basis to identify optimal routes of production. A detailed technoeconomic analysis of four exemplar compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid [4-HBA], catechol, muconic acid, and 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid [PDC]) is conducted with the highest reported yields and accumulation rates to identify economically advantaged platforms and breakeven targets for plants and microbes. The results indicate that in planta mass accumulation ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 dry weight % (dwt%) can achieve costs comparable to microbial routes operating at 40 to 55% of maximum theoretical yields. These yields and accumulation rates are sufficient to be cost competitive if the products are sold at market prices consistent with specialty chemicals ($20 to $50/kg). Prices consistent with commodity chemicals will require an order-of-magnitude-greater accumulation rate for plants and/or yields nearing theoretical maxima for microbial production platforms. This comparative analysis revealed that the demonstrated accumulation rates of 4-HBA (3.2 dwt%) and PDC (3.0 dwt%) in engineered plants vastly outperform microbial routes, even if microbial platforms were to reach theoretical maximum yields. Their recovery and sale as part of a lignocellulosic biorefinery could enable biofuel prices to be competitive with petroleum. Muconic acid and catechol, in contrast, are currently more attractive when produced microbially using a sugar feedstock. Ultimately, both platforms can play an important role in replacing fossil-derived products.
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18
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Agrobacterium expressing a type III secretion system delivers Pseudomonas effectors into plant cells to enhance transformation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2581. [PMID: 35546550 PMCID: PMC9095702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation (AMT) is the basis of modern-day plant biotechnology. One major drawback of this technology is the recalcitrance of many plant species/varieties to Agrobacterium infection, most likely caused by elicitation of plant defense responses. Here, we develop a strategy to increase AMT by engineering Agrobacterium tumefaciens to express a type III secretion system (T3SS) from Pseudomonas syringae and individually deliver the P. syringae effectors AvrPto, AvrPtoB, or HopAO1 to suppress host defense responses. Using the engineered Agrobacterium, we demonstrate increase in AMT of wheat, alfalfa and switchgrass by ~250%–400%. We also show that engineered A. tumefaciens expressing a T3SS can deliver a plant protein, histone H2A-1, to enhance AMT. This strategy is of great significance to both basic research and agricultural biotechnology for transient and stable transformation of recalcitrant plant species/varieties and to deliver proteins into plant cells in a non-transgenic manner. Agrobacterium infection can cause defense responses in many plants, which leads to transformation recalcitrance. Here, the authors express type III secretion system in Agrobacterium to deliver effector proteins into plant cells to suppress host defense responses and thus enhance transformation in some plant species.
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19
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Aesaert S, Impens L, Coussens G, Van Lerberge E, Vanderhaeghen R, Desmet L, Vanhevel Y, Bossuyt S, Wambua AN, Van Lijsebettens M, Inzé D, De Keyser E, Jacobs TB, Karimi M, Pauwels L. Optimized Transformation and Gene Editing of the B104 Public Maize Inbred by Improved Tissue Culture and Use of Morphogenic Regulators. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883847. [PMID: 35528934 PMCID: PMC9072829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant transformation is a bottleneck for the application of gene editing in plants. In Zea mays (maize), a breakthrough was made using co-transformation of the morphogenic transcription factors BABY BOOM (BBM) and WUSCHEL (WUS) to induce somatic embryogenesis. Together with adapted tissue culture media, this was shown to increase transformation efficiency significantly. However, use of the method has not been reported widely, despite a clear need for increased transformation capacity in academic settings. Here, we explore use of the method for the public maize inbred B104 that is widely used for transformation by the research community. We find that only modifying tissue culture media already boosts transformation efficiency significantly and can reduce the time in tissue culture by 1 month. On average, production of independent transgenic plants per starting embryo increased from 1 to 4% using BIALAPHOS RESISTANCE (BAR) as a selection marker. In addition, we reconstructed the BBM-WUS morphogenic gene cassette and evaluated its functionality in B104. Expression of the morphogenic genes under tissue- and development stage-specific promoters led to direct somatic embryo formation on the scutellum of zygotic embryos. However, eight out of ten resulting transgenic plants showed pleiotropic developmental defects and were not fertile. This undesirable phenotype was positively correlated with the copy number of the morphogenic gene cassette. Use of constructs in which morphogenic genes are flanked by a developmentally controlled Cre/LoxP recombination system led to reduced T-DNA copy number and fertile T0 plants, while increasing transformation efficiency from 1 to 5% using HIGHLY-RESISTANT ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE as a selection marker. Addition of a CRISPR/Cas9 module confirmed functionality for gene editing applications, as exemplified by editing the gene VIRESCENT YELLOW-LIKE (VYL) that can act as a visual marker for gene editing in maize. The constructs, methods, and insights produced in this work will be valuable to translate the use of BBM-WUS and other emerging morphogenic regulators (MRs) to other genotypes and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Aesaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennert Impens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Coussens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Lerberge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Vanderhaeghen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Desmet
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Vanhevel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shari Bossuyt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angeline Ndele Wambua
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Thomas B. Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mansour Karimi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Maren NA, Duan H, Da K, Yencho GC, Ranney TG, Liu W. Genotype-independent plant transformation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac047. [PMID: 35531314 PMCID: PMC9070643 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant transformation and regeneration remain highly species- and genotype-dependent. Conventional hormone-based plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis is tedious, time-consuming, and requires specialized skills and experience. Over the last 40 years, significant advances have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying embryogenesis and organogenesis. These pioneering studies have led to a better understanding of the key steps and factors involved in plant regeneration, resulting in the identification of crucial growth and developmental regulatory genes that can dramatically improve regeneration efficiency, shorten transformation time, and make transformation of recalcitrant genotypes possible. Co-opting these regulatory genes offers great potential to develop innovative genotype-independent genetic transformation methods for various plant species, including specialty crops. Further developing these approaches has the potential to result in plant transformation without the use of hormones, antibiotics, selectable marker genes, or tissue culture. As an enabling technology, the use of these regulatory genes has great potential to enable the application of advanced breeding technologies such as genetic engineering and gene editing for crop improvement in transformation-recalcitrant crops and cultivars. This review will discuss the recent advances in the use of regulatory genes in plant transformation and regeneration, and their potential to facilitate genotype-independent plant transformation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Duan
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
| | - Kedong Da
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - G Craig Yencho
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thomas G Ranney
- Mountain Crop Improvement Lab, Department of Horticultural Science, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC 28759, USA
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